Guinea

Sintha malink
Coordinates : 11°N 10°W  /  11°N 10°W  / 11; -10
Kufuma Wikipedia
"Guinee" redirects here. For the concept in the African diasporic religion, see Haitian Vodou .
Kutimbanizga chala na mazina ghanyake ngati ni French Guiana , Guinea-Bissau , Equatorial Guinea , or New Guinea .
For the region, see Guinea (region) . For other uses, see Guinea (disambiguation) .

Republic of Guinea
Republique de Guinee   ( French )
???????????????????? ????????   ( Pular )
?????? ?? ??????????   ( Eastern Maninkakan )
Flag
Mbendela Coat of arms
Chiluso:  "Travail, Justice, Solidarite"   ( French )
"Work, Justice, Solidarity"
Nyimbo:  Liberte   ( French )
"Freedom"
Guinea in dark green
Guinea in dark green
Guinea in dark green
Makhalilo gha  Guinea  (dark blue) – in Africa  (light blue & dark grey) – in the African Union  (light blue)
Makhalilo gha   Guinea    ( dark blue )

? in Africa    ( light blue & dark grey )
? in the African Union    ( light blue )

Makhalilo gha   Guinea    ( dark blue )

? in Africa    ( light blue & dark grey )
? in the African Union    ( light blue )

Msumba Waboma
kweneso Msumba Usani 		Conakry
Chiyowoyelo chaboma French
Vernacular
languages
List
Mitundu ya ?anthu ( [1] )
Vipembezo
Mwenecharu Guinean
Mtundu wa Boma Unitary republic under a military junta
 -  Interim President and CNRD Chairman Mamady Doumbouya
 -  Prime Minister Bernard Gomou
 -  Speaker of Parliament
 -  Supreme Court
Independence  (was the colony of French Guinea since 1891)
 -  from France 2 October 1958 
 -  Republic 2 October 1958 
 -  4th constitution 2 October 1958 
 -  Second Republic Day 3 April 1984 
 -  2021 Guinean coup d'etat 5 September 2021 
Ukulu wa Malo
 -  Malo 245,857 km 2 ( 77th )
94,926 sq mi
 -  Maji (%) negligible
Chi?elengelo cha ?anthu
 -  2023 estimate 13,607,249 [2] ( 75th )
 -  Density 40.9/km 2 ( 164th )
106.1/sq mi
GDP  ( PPP ) 2022 estimate
 -  Total Increase $33.7  billion [3] ( 142nd )
 -  Per capita Increase$2,993 [3] ( 166th )
GDP  (nominal) 2022 estimate
 -  Total Increase$14.8  billion [3] ( 140th )
 -  Per capita Increase$1,346 [3] ( 161st )
Gini  (2012) 33.7 [4]
medium
HDI (2021) Decrease 0.465 [5]
low  · 182nd
Ndalama Guinean franc ( GNF )
Mtundu Wanyengo GMT ( UTC )
Woko la galimoto right
ISO 3166 code GN
Intaneti yacharu .gn

Guinea ( / ? ? ? n i / ( pulikizgani machemelo ) GHIN -ee ), [lower-alpha 1] mwalamulo Charu cha Guinea ( French : Republique de Guinee ), ni charu icho chili mumphepete mwa nyanja ku West Africa . Charu ichi chili na mphaka na nyanja ya Atlantic kumanjiliro gha dazi, Guinea-Bissau kumpoto cha kumanjiliro gha dazi, Senegal kumpoto, Mali kumpoto kwa kumafumiro gha dazi, Cote d'Ivoire kumwera kwa kumafumiro gha dazi, Sierra Leone na Liberia kumwera. Nyengo zinyake charu ichi chikuchemeka Guinea-Conakry chifukwa cha msumba wake wa Conakry . [6] [7] [8] [9] Mu charu ichi muli ?anthu 13.5 miliyoni ndipo chiga?a chake chili na makilomita 245,857. [10]

Charu ichi kale chikachemekanga French Guinea , kweni chikajiyimira pa?ekha mu 1958. Ku Guinea ?anthu ?akwamba kuwukira boma. [11] [12] [13] [14] Pakati pajumpha vyaka vinandi kufuma apo boma likamba kulamulira mwaurunji, mu 2010 ?akachita chisankho chakwamba. [13] [15] [16] Apo boma likalutilira kucita maungano gha vyaru vinandi, ?anthu ?akalutilira kutinkhana, vimbundi vikazara, kweniso ?asilikari na ?apolisi ?akacitiranga nkhaza ?anthu. [16] [17] Mu 2011, boma la United States likati ?anakazi na ?ana ?akusuzgika na ?asilikari kweniso ?akutambuzgika. Mu 2021, gulu la ?asilikari likawuskapo pulezidenti Alpha Conde na kukanizga dango la chalo. [11] [12] [13]

?asilamu ?alipo 85%. [6] [18] [19] Charu ichi chili kuga?ika viga?a vinayi: Malire gha Nyanja ya Guinea ku Atlantic Coast, Fouta Djallon panji mapiri gha ku Middle Guinea, chiga?a cha Upper Guinea savanna kumpoto cha kumafumiro gha dazi, na chiga?a cha Guinea forestiere. Chifurenchi ndicho chikuyowoyeka pa sukulu, mu boma, na mu manyuzipepara. ?anthu ?akuyowoya viyowoyero vyakujumpha 24, ndipo viyowoyero vikuru chomene ni Susu, Pular, na Maninka. Chuma cha ku Guinea chikuthemba pa ulimi na vinthu vyakuthupi. [20] Ni caru caci?iri pa caru cose ico cikupanga bauxite, ndipo muli malibwe gha dayimani na golide. [21] Charu ichi ndicho chika?a pakwamba pa nthenda ya Ebola mu 2014.

Zina [ lemba | kulemba source ]

Wonani vinandi: Guinea (region) § Etymology

Zina lakuti Guinea lili kufuma ku chiga?a cha Guinea icho chili mumphepete mwa Gulf of Guinea. Likwendera kumpoto mu viga?a vyamuthondo na kumalira ku Sahel. Lizgu la Chingelezi lakuti Guinea likufuma ku lizgu la Chiphwitikizi lakuti Guine ilo likafuma pakati pa vyaka vya m'ma 1500 kuti likung'anamura malo agho ?anthu ?a ku Guinea ?akakhalanga.

Mbili [ lemba | kulemba source ]

Nkhani ikulu: History of Guinea

Charu icho sono chikuchemeka Guinea chili kufupi na maufumu ghanyake gha ku Africa pambere ?afarisi ?andafike mu ma 1890. Pa Okutobala 2, 1958, charu cha Guinea chikamba kujiyimira pa?ekha. Kufuma apo charu cha Guinea chikapokera wanangwa wake m'paka pa nyengo ya maungano gha boma mu 2010, chika?a pasi pa muwuso wa ?amazaza ?anandi. [22] [23] [24]

Maufumu na maufumu gha ku West Africa [ lemba | kulemba source ]

Nkhani ikulu: Imamate of Futa Jallon and Wassoulou Empire

Charu icho sono chikuchemeka Guinea chika?a ku mizi ya maufumu gha ku West Africa. Ufumu wakwambilira, uwo uka?a wa Ghana, ukakuranga cifukwa ca malonda ndipo pamasinda ukaparanyika cifukwa ca kuwukira kwa Almoravid. Mu nyengo iyi ndipo chisopa cha Ciisilamu chikambira mu ciga?a ici kwizira mu ?amalonda ?a ku North Africa.

Ufumu wa Sosso (zaka za m'ma 1200 m'paka 13 C.E.) ukakura chomene, ndipo Ufumu wa Mali ukamanyikwa chomene apo Soundiata Keita wakatonda Soumangourou Kante uyo waka?a fumu ya Sosso pa Nkhondo ya Kirina, mu c. 1235. Ufumu wa Mali ukalamuliranga na ?anthu awo ?akachemekanga Mansa (Mafumu), kusazgapo Kankou Moussa uyo wakachita ulendo wa haji ku Mecca mu 1324. Ufumu wa Mali ukayamba kuchepa mu 1500, ndipo pamasinda ukaleka kulamulira.

Ufumu wa Songhai ukakura kufuma mu 1460 ndipo pamasinda ukajumpha ufumu wa Mali. Msumba uwu ukalutilira kukura m'paka apo Askia Daoud wakafwira mu 1582. Ufumu uwu ukathereskeka na ?asilikari ?a ku Morocco pa Nkhondo ya Tondibi vilimika vitatu pamanyuma pake. ?anthu ?a ku Morocco ?akatondeka kuwusa makora ufumu uwu ndipo ukaga?ikana mu maufumu ghacoko.

Ufumu unyake wa ku West Africa ukati wabwanganduka, maufumu ghakupambanapambana ghakawuka mu charu icho sono chikuchemeka Guinea. ?asilamu ?a Fulani ?akasamira ku Futa Jallon ku Central Guinea, ndipo ?akakhazikiska boma la Chisilamu kufuma mu 1727 m'paka 1896, ilo lika?a na dango lakulembeka na ?alongozgi ?anyake. Ufumu wa Wassoulou panji Wassulu (1878-1898) ukalongozgekanga na Samori Toure mu chiga?a cha Malinke icho sono ni Upper Guinea na kumwera kwa Mali (Wassoulou). Nyengo yikati yajumphapo, charu ichi chikasamira ku Ivory Coast.

Chikoloni [ lemba | kulemba source ]

Kwambira mu ma 1700, ?amalonda ?a ku Europe ?akamba kuphalizgana na ?amalonda ?a ku Cape. [25] [26] ?azga ?akatumizgikanga ku vyaru vinyake kuti ?akagwire nchito. ?amalonda a?a ?akagwiliskiranga nchito ?azga awo ?akakhalanga mu viga?a ivi.

Nyengo iyo charu cha Guinea chika?a pasi pa mawoko gha ?asilikari ?a ku France yikamba m'ma 1800. Mu 1898, ?asilikari ?a Samori Toure, uyo waka?a themba la ufumu wa Ouassoulou kweniso mulongozgi wa mafuko gha Malinke, ?akathereskeka.

Kuumaliro wa vyaka vya m'ma 1800 na kukwambilira kwa vyaka vya m'ma 1900, charu cha France chikapangana na Britain vya Sierra Leone, Portugal vya Guinea (iyo sono ni Guinea-Bissau), na Liberia. Mu nyengo ya ?afarisi, charu ichi chika?a mu chiga?a cha French West Africa. ?alara?alara ?a boma ndiwo ?akalongozganga vyaru ivyo vika?a pasi pa maboma agha.

President Ahmed Sekou Toure was supported by Communist states, and in 1961, visited Yugoslavia .

Mu 1958, caru ca France cikawa cifukwa ca masuzgo gha ndyali ndiposo cifukwa ca kutondeka kucita vinthu na maboma ghake, comenecomene Indochina na Algeria. Pa ungano wa ?anthu wose wa pa Seputembala 28, 1958, boma la France likapeleka wanangwa ku vyaru ivyo vika?a pasi pa boma ili. Mwakupambana na vyaru vinyake ivyo vikalamulilikanga na boma ili, charu cha Guinea chikapokera wanangwa. Chipani ichi chikalongozgekanga na Ahmed Sekou Toure uyo chipani chake cha Democratic Party of Guinea-African Democratic Rally (PDG) chikapokera vithuzithuzi 56 pa vithuzithuzi 60 mu ma 1957 territorial elections. ?asilikari ?a ku France ?akafumako, ndipo pa Okutobala 2, 1958, Guinea yikajiphara kuti ni charu chakujiyimira pa?ekha, ndipo Sekou Toure ndiyo waka?a pulezidenti.

Nyuzipepara ya Washington Post yikati ?afalansa "?akofya" ?akagumura vinthu vyose ivyo ?akaghanaghananga kuti vyawovwira Guinea. ?akawuskamo mababu gha magesi, ?akawuskamo pulani ya maji gha ku Conakry, msumba ukuru, na kotcha munkhwala m'malo mwa kulekera ?anthu ?a ku Guinea". [27]

Nkhondo Yakumaliro gha Chikoloni (1958 ?) [ lemba | kulemba source ]

Wonaniso: Operation Persil

Pamanyuma, charu cha Guinea chikakolerana na Soviet Union ndipo chikachita vinthu mwakukolerana na fundo za boma. Kufuma apo, yikamba kulondezga fundo za ku China. Likalutilira kupokera ndalama kufuma ku vyaru vinyake nga ni United States. Kuzakafika mu 1960, Toure wakapharazga kuti PDG ndiyo yekha waka?a chipani cha ndyali mu caru ici, ndipo kwa vilimika 24 vyakulondezgapo, boma na PDG vika?a cimoza. Toure wakasankhika ku?a purezidenti kwa vyaka 47, ndipo pa vilimika vinkhondi na vi?iri, ?anthu ?akamuwonanga kuti ni mulongozgi wa boma. Pakulondezga fundo za kusankhana mitundu mu vyaru vya mu Africa na Pan-Africanism mu vyaru vinyake, Toure wakazgoka mulongozgi uyo wakachitiska kuti ?anthu ?aleke kupulikana, ndipo boma lake likakanizga ?anthu ?anyake kuti ?aleke kupulikana nayo.

Mu m'ma 1960, boma la Guinea likakanizga ?anthu kugura malo, likawuskapo ?alongozgi awo ?akimikika na ?a ku France, kweniso likakanizga ubwezi wawo na boma la France na makampani gha ku France. Boma la Toure likathembanga Soviet Union na China kuti li?awovwire pa vinthu vyakuthupi. Pa Novembala 22, 1970, ?asilikari ?a ku Portugal ?akachita opareshoni yakuchemeka Operation Green Sea. Pakati pa vilato vyawo, ?asilikari ?a ku Portugal ?akakhumbanga kukoma panji kukora Sekou Toure cifukwa ca wovwiri wake wa PAIGC, gulu la ?anthu ?akugaluka ilo likacitanga vivulupi mu Guinea kufuma ku misasa yawo mu Guinea. [28] Pamanyuma pa nkhondo, ?asilikari awo ?akakhozgekanga na ?apwitikizi ?akawelera, ?akafwatura ?anthu ?anandi ?a ku Portugal awo ?aka?a mu jele ku Conakry. Mu vilimika vyakulondezgapo, boma la Toure lika?awuskamo ?anthu ?anandi, ndipo ?anthu 50,000 ?akakomeka. ?anyake ?akakakika na kutambuzgika. ?anthu ?anyake ?akufuma ku vyaru vinyake ?akacicizgika kufumamo mu caru ici, cifukwa cakuti ?akutorana na ?anthu ?a ku Guinea ?akakakika ndipo ?ana ?awo ?aka?apeleka ku boma.

Guinea wakasankhika ku?a ci?aro cambura kukhazikika ca wupu wa UN Security Council mu 1972-73.

Mu 1977, chuma chikamba kunangika, ?anthu ?anandi ?akakomeka, ndyali yikakhalanga makora yayi, ndipo ?anthu ?akazomerezgekanga yayi kuchita malonda. Ici cikapangiska Toure kuti wasinthe comene vinthu. Toure wakaleka kukhozgera Soviet Union na kwamba kukhozgera United States. Paumaliro wa m'ma 1970 na kukwambilira kwa m'ma 1980, vinthu vikasintha chomene pa nkhani ya vyachuma. Pakuyowoya za ubwezi wake na France, pamanyuma pakuti Valery Giscard d'Estaing wasankhika ku?a pulezidenti wa France, malonda ghakasazgikira ndipo vyaru vi?iri ivi vikamba kwendera lumoza.

Sekou Toure wakafwa pa 26 March, 1984, pamanyuma pa opareshoni ya mtima mu United States, ndipo wakasinthika na nduna yikuru Louis Lansana Beavogui, uyo wakeneranga ku?a pulezidenti wa nyengo yeneyiyo, pakulindilira mavoti ghaphya. Pa 3 Epulero 1984, PDG yikeneranga kusankha mulongozgi muphya. Kuyana na dango ili, munthu uyu ndiyo wakeneranga ku?a yekha mulongozgi wa boma. Maora ghacoko waka pambere ungano uwu undambe, Koloneli Lansana Conte na Diarra Traore ?akatora mazaza mwa kuwukira boma kwambura kuthiska ndopa. Conte waka?a pulezidenti, ndipo Traore waka?a nduna yikuru m'paka mu Disembala.

United States Pulezidenti Jimmy Carter wakupokelera Ahmed Sekou Toure kuwaro kwa White House, Washington, D.C., 1979

Conte wakasuska ivyo boma lakwamba likacita pa nkhani ya wanangwa wa ?anthu, kufumiska ?akayidi ?a ndyali 250 na kukhozga ?anthu pafupifupi 200,000 kuti ?awelere kufuma ku wuzga. Wakayowoya mwakupulikikwa makora kuti wafumengepo pa kusopa kwautesi.

Mu 1992, Conte wakapharazga kuti wawelerenge ku boma, ndipo mu 1993, wakachita mavoti gha pulezidenti. Mu Seputembala 2001, mulongozgi wa chipani chinyake, Alpha Conde, ?akamujalira mu jele cifukwa ca kunanga civikiliro ca boma. Pamanyuma, wakakhalako kanyengo mu caru ca France.

Mu 2001, Conte wakanozga na kutonda pa referendamu ya kusazgirako nyengo ya kuwusa kwa pulezidenti, ndipo mu 2003, wakamba ute?eti wake wacitatu. Mu Janyuwale 2005, Conte wakapona ku ?anthu awo ?akaghanaghananga kuti ?akukhumba kumukoma apo wakawonekera pa wumba mu msumba wa Conakry. ?alwani ?ake ?akayowoya kuti ni "munthu wakuvuka", ndipo wakeneranga kufumapo, kweni awo ?akamukhozganga ?akagomezganga kuti watonda ?alwani ?ake. Kuyana na magazini ya Foreign Policy, caru ca Guinea cika?a pangozi ya kuzgoka caru cakutondeka. [29]

Mu 2000, ku Guinea kuka?a vivulupi ivyo vikakhwaska vyaru vinyake vya kumanjiliro gha dazi kwa Africa. Vikawonekanga nga kuti charu ichi chili pafupi kuparanyika. Conte wakati ?alongozgi ?a vyaru vyapafupi ?akudokera usambazi wa mu Guinea, kweni ?anthu ?akakana. Mu 2003, charu cha Guinea chikakolerana na vyaru vyapafupi kuti chilimbane na ?akugaluka. Mu 2007, boma la Guinea likasankha nduna yikuru. [30] [31] [32]

Conte wakalutilira kuwusa m'paka apo wakafwira pa Disembala 23, 2008. Maora ghacoko waka pamanyuma pa nyifwa yake, Moussa Dadis Camara wakapoka mazaza mwa kuwukira boma, ndipo wakajiphara kuti ni mulongozgi wa boma la ?asilikari. ?anthu ?akamba kulimbana na boma ili ndipo ?anthu 157 ?akafwa apo pa Seputembala 28, 2009, boma likalangura ?asilikari ?ake kuti ?awukire ?anthu awo ?akawungana kuti ?akane ivyo Camara wakachita kuti wa?e pulezidenti. ?asilikari ?akamba kutimba ?anthu, ku?apweteka, na ku?akoma, ndipo boma la Britain likakanizga ?asilikari ?anyake kuti ?aleke kovwira boma liphya. [33] [34] [35] [36]

Pa Disembala 3, 2009, movwiri wake wakamukoma Camara apo ?akakwesananga pa ivyo vikacitika mu Seputembala. Camara wakaluta ku Morocco kuti wakapwelelereke. [33] [37] Wachi?iri kwa pulezidenti (na nduna ya vya vimbundi) Sekouba Konate wakafuma ku Lebanon kuti wazakalongozge caru. Pamanyuma pa kukumana ku Ouagadougou pa 13 na 14 January 2010, Camara, Konate na Blaise Compaore, Pulezidenti wa Burkina Faso, ?akapanga ndondomeko ya malango 12 agho ghakulayizga kuti Guinea wawelerenge ku boma la ?anthu mu myezi 6. Pa 27 Juni, pa ungano wa ?alara ?a boma paka?a mautesi ghakukhwaskana na upusikizgi, ndipo pa 7 Novembala paka?aso ungano unyake. Kuvota kuka?a "kwapacanya", ndipo mavoti ghaka?a "ghawemi". Alpha Conde, mulongozgi wa chipani chakususka cha Rally of the Guinean People (RGP), wakathereska mavoti, ndipo wakalayizga kuti wasinthenge vinthu pa nkhani ya kuvikilira na kunozgaso mapangano gha migodi.

Mu Febuluwale 2013, nkhaza za ndyali zikawuka pamanyuma pa viwawa vya mu misewu vyakususkana na mavoti gha mu Meyi. ?anthu 9 ?akakomeka pa viphikiro ivi ndipo ?anthu pafupifupi 220 ?akapwetekeka. ?anthu ?anyake ?akafwa na kupwetekeka cifukwa cakuti ?asilikari ?akagwiliskira nchito vilwero vyakofya. Nkhondo iyi yikapangiska kuti pa?e kulimbana pakati pa ?anthu ?a mtundu wa Malinke na Fula. Pa 26 March 2013, chipani chakususka chikafumamo mu viphikiro na boma pa nkhani ya chisankho, ?akati boma lindasungilire ivyo likayowoya, ndipo laswa mapangano ghose. [38]

Chiwonetsero cha 2019-2020 ku Guinea chotsutsana ndi ulamuliro wa Alpha Conde

Pa Malichi 25, 2014, wupu wakuwona vya umoyo pa charu chose (WHO) ukati ku Guinea kuli nthenda ya Ebola. Mu nyengo yakwamba iyi, ?anthu 86 ?akafwa, ndipo 59 ?akafwa. Pa Meyi 28, ?anthu 281 ?aka?a na nthenda iyi ndipo 186 ?akafwa. Munthu wakwamba uyo ?akagomezga kuti wakafwa waka?a Emile Ouamouno, msepuka wa vyaka vi?iri wa ku Meliandou. Wakalwara pa 2 Disembala 2013 ndipo wakafwa pa 6 Disembala. Pa Seputembala 18, 2014, ?anthu 8 ?a gulu la ?apharazgi ?a Ebola ?akakomeka na ?anthu ?a mu muzi wa Womey. Pa Novembala 1, 2015, ku Guinea kuka?a ?anthu 3,810 awo ?akalwara nthenda iyi ndipo 2,536 ?akafwa.

Nkhondo ya 2019-2020 ku Guinea yika?a mbembe zinandi na vivulupi vya ?anthu ?anandi ivyo vikacitika pa Okutobala 14, 2019 kwimikana na boma la Alpha Conde. ?anthu ?akujumpha 800 ?akafwa pa nkhondo iyi. Pambuyo pa chisankho cha pulezidenti cha 2020 ku Guinea, chisankho cha Alpha Conde ku nyengo yachitatu chinatsutsidwa ndi otsutsa, omwe adamunamizira zachinyengo. Conde wakayowoya kuti pa March 2020 pakachitika referendum iyo yikamovwira kuti wa?epo pa mavoti.

Pa 5 September 2021, pamanyuma pa kuwombera kwa maora ghanandi kufupi na nyumba ya pulezidenti, Lt. Col. Mamady Doumbouya wakatora mazaza pa TV ya boma ndipo wakapharazga kuti boma la Pulezidenti Alpha Conde lapasuka ndipo mphaka za chalo zajalika. Namise, ?asilikari ?a boma ?akamba kulamulira msumba wa Conakry na ?asilikari ?a charu. Kuyana na Guinee Matin, pa Seputembala 6, ?asilikari ?akamba kulamulira boma na kwamba kunjizga ?asilikari mu malo mwa boma. Wupu wa United Nations, European Union, African Union, ECOWAS (iyo yikakanizga Guinea ku?a mu wupu wa ECOWAS) na La Francophonie ?akasuska boma ilo likapoka boma ili, ndipo ?akacema kuti pulezidenti Conde wafwatulike. Vinthu vyakuyana waka vikafumira ku vyaru vinyake vya ?azengezgani na vyakumanjiliro gha dazi (nga ni United States), kweniso ku China (uko ukugwiliskira ntchito Guinea kuti upange hafu ya visulo vyake vya aluminiyamu. Nangauli vili nthena, pa 1 Okutobala 2021, Mamady Doumbouya wakalapizga ku?a purezidenti wa nyengo yitali. [39]

Makhalilo gha charu [ lemba | kulemba source ]

Nkhani ikulu: Geography of Guinea
Mapu agho ghakulongora misumba ya ku Guinea na viga?a vyake

Guinea yili na mphaka na Guinea-Bissau kumpoto ca kumanjiliro gha dazi, Senegal kumpoto, Mali kumpoto ca kumafumiro gha dazi, Ivory Coast kumafumiro gha dazi, Sierra Leone kumwera kwa dazi na Liberia kumwera. Charu ichi chili na chiga?a chakumafumiro gha dazi kwa charu ichi, ndipo chikujumphilira kumpoto na kumanjiliro gha dazi m'paka ku mphaka yake ya kumpoto na kumanjiliro gha dazi kwa charu cha Guinea-Bissau. Maji gha Mlonga wa Niger, Gambia, na Senegal, ghose ghali mu chiga?a cha Guinea Highlands. [40] [41] [42] Mu charu ichi muli vyaru vyakukwana 245,857 km2. Mphepete mwa nyanja muli mtunda wa makilomita 320 (200 mi) na mphaka ya makilomita 3,400 (2,100 mi). Chiga?a ichi chili pakati pa latitude 7° na 13°N, kweniso longitude 7° na 15°W, ndipo chiga?a chinyake chili kumanjiliro gha dazi kwa latitude 15°.

Mapu gha nyengo gha Koppen

Charu cha Guinea chili na viga?a vinayi: Charu cha Maritimic Guinea, icho chikuchemekaso kuti Lower Guinea panji Basse-Cote lowlands, icho ?anthu ?ake mbanandi chomene ?a fuko la Susu. Charu cha Fouta Djallon chili na mapiri ghanandi ndipo chili kumpoto na kumwera kwa charu ichi. Mu mapiri gha ku Guinea ndimo mukufuma milonga ya Niger, Gambia, na Senegal. Phiri la Nimba ndilo lili pachanya chomene mu Guinea. Apo viga?a vya ku Guinea na Ivory Coast vya Nimba Massif ni malo ghakusungirako vyamoyo gha UNESCO, chiga?a icho chikuchemeka Guinea Backbone chikuluta ku Liberia, uko ?anthu ?akugwiliskira ntchito migodi vyaka vinandi.

Ku Guinea kuli malo 5 agho kuli vyakumera vinandi. Chiga?a ichi chili na chiga?a cha 4.9/10, ndipo chili pa nambala 114 pa vyaru 172. [43] [44]

Vyamoyo [ lemba | kulemba source ]

Nkhani ikulu: Wildlife of Guinea
Badiar National Park

Chiga?a cha kumwera kwa Guinea chili mu nkhorongo ya Guinea ku West Africa. Viyuni vinyake vikukhala mu malo ghakutali chomene na malo ghakuvikilirako ?anthu.

Vinyama ivi ni ivi:

Regions and prefectures [ lemba | kulemba source ]

Nkhani ikulu: Administrative divisions of Guinea
Regions of Guinea

Charu cha Guinea chili na malo ghakukwana ma kilomita 245,857 mu vyaru vya kumanjiliro gha dazi kwa Africa. Chiga?a ichi chili na viga?a vinayi ivyo vikupambana na vinyake.

Fouta Djallon highlands in central Guinea

Charu cha Guinea chili na viga?a 8 ivyo vili na viga?a 33. Msumba ukuru wa Conakry, uwo uli na ?anthu 1,675,069, uli mu chiga?a chapadera.

Chiga?a Msumba ?anthu
(2014 census by National Institute of Statistics)
Conakry Region Conakry 1,675,069
Nzerekore Region Nzerekore 1,591,716
Kindia Region Kindia 1,573,690
Boke Region Boke 1,092,291
Labe Region Labe 1,001,392
Mamou Region Mamou 737,062
Kankan Region Kankan 1,979,038
Faranah Region Faranah 949,589

Ndale [ lemba | kulemba source ]

Wonani vinandi: Politics of Guinea

Charu cha Guinea ni charu cha Republic. Pulezidenti wakusankhika na ?anthu ndipo ni mulara wa boma. Nyumba ya Malango ya caru cose iyo yili na nyumba yimoza ndiyo yikupanga malango mu caru, ndipo ?anthu ndiwo ?akusankha ?anthu awo ?ali mu nyumba iyi. Khoti Likuru Chomene mu Guinea ndilo lili na mazaza pa milandu yose. [45]

Nyumba ya Malango ya ku Guinea, yika?avya maungano kufuma mu 2008 m'paka mu 2013, apo yikaga?irika pamanyuma pa boma kuwukira boma mu Disembala. Kufuma waka mu 2007, mavoti ghakasunkhunyika kanandi waka. Mu Epulero 2012, Pulezidenti Conde wakachedweska mavoti kwamuyirayira, chifukwa cha kukhumbikwa kuti gha?e "ghapusu na gha demokilase". [46] Pa Seputembala 24, 2013, ku Guinea kukachitika chisankho chapulezidenti. Chipani cha Pulezidenti Alpha Conde, Rally of the Guinean People (RPG), chikapokera vithuzi vinandi mu Nyumba ya Malango ya ku Guinea, na vithuzi 53 pa vithuzi 114. Maphwando a chipani chakususkana nagho ghakapokera vithuzithuzi 53, ndipo ?alongozgi ?a chipani chakususkana nawo ?akasuska kuti ivyo vikalembeka vika?a vyautesi.

Mulara wa boma la Guinea wakusankhika na ?anthu wose kuti wa?e na vyaka 5. Munthu uyo wawina wakwenera kupokera mavoti ghanandi kuti wa?e mulara wa boma. Pulezidenti ndiyo wakulamulira charu cha Guinea, ndipo wakuwovwirika na ?alara ?a boma 25. Boma likwendeska vinthu mu viga?a 8, viga?a 33, viga?a vichokovichoko vyakujumpha 100, na viga?a. ?alongozgi ?a viga?a ?akusankhika; pulezidenti wakusora ?antchito ?a viga?a vinyake vyose. Pulezidenti wakale Alpha Conde wakawovwirika na mtundu waci?iri ukuru comene mu Guinea, wa Malinke. ?anthu ?a fuko la Fula ndiwo ?akakolerana na fundo iyi. [47]

Ubale na vyaru vinyake [ lemba | kulemba source ]

Wonani vinandi: Foreign relations of Guinea
President Alpha Conde with Russian President Vladimir Putin on 28 September 2017

Charu cha Guinea chili mu wupu wa African Union, Agency for the French-Speaking Community, African Development Bank, Economic Community of West African States, World Bank, Islamic Development Bank, IMF, na United Nations.

Kuyana na kafukufuku uyo wakacitika mu Febuluwale 2009, Kufumira waka mu 1985, ubwezi wa Guinea na vyaru vinyake, kusazgapo vyaru vya kumanjiliro gha dazi kwa Africa, ukwenda makora comene. Lipoti la Dipatimenti iyi mu Okutobala 2018 likati nangauli "U.S. yikasuska" boma la Guinea la " 2008 coup d'etat", kweni "U.S". yika?a na "ubwezi wakukhora" na Guinea pambere boma la Guinea lindanjire, ndipo pamanyuma pa "mavoti gha pulezidenti wa Guinea mu 2010, United States yikambaso kukolerana na boma". Chikalata ichi chikayowoya kuti ?anthu ?akukolerana na "masankhiro gha wupu wakulongozga mu 2013 na chisankho chachi?iri cha pulezidenti mu 2015". Lipoti la U.S. March 2021 Dipatimenti ya vyaru vya ku America yikanena kuti boma, mawupu gha vimbundi, na mabungwe gha vyamalonda mu Guinea vikutimbanizga wanangwa wa ?anthu. Lipoti ili likayowoya kuti ?anthu ?anandi pa caru cose ?akususka ivyo vikacitika pa maungano gha boma agho ghakacitika sonosono apa, agho ghakapangiska kuti "Purezidenti Alpha Conde wasankhikeso (nangauli paka?a mphindano)... pamanyuma pa kafukufuku uyo wakacitika mu mwezi wa Malichi. Dipatimenti iyi yikadandawura na boma ilo likawuskapo boma mu 2021, ndipo yikachenjezga kuti "nkhaza na viyezgo vyose vyambura kukolerana na dango vizamumara waka mtende, kukhazikika, na kutukuka kwa Guinea, [ndipo] vingapangiska kuti United States na ?abwezi ?anyake ?a Guinea ?aleke kovwira charu ichi...," Nangauli ?akayowoyapo yayi kuti pulezidenti Conde wawelere ku mazaza, kweni boma la United States likati "mphapo za charu chose kuti viwovwire kuti vinthu vyende makora mu charu ichi kweniso kuti pa?e mtende". [48] [49]

Wupu wa United Nations ukadandawura mwalu?iro kuti boma likapoka mazaza mu 2021, ndipo ?abwezi ?anyake ?a Guinea ?akadandawura. Wupu wa African Union na West Africa's regional bloc (ECOWAS), wose ?akawopanga kuti ?a?ikenge vyeruzgo apo ?anthu ?anyake ?akughanaghana kuti vyeruzgo ivi vi?enge na nkhongono zichoko chifukwa chakuti Guinea njumoza wa vyeruzgo vya West African currency union yayi. ECOWAS yikatumizga mwalu?iro wupu wa Guinea, ndipo yikapempha kuti pulezidenti Conde wafwatulike, uku yikutuma mathenga ku Conakry kuti ghasange nthowa yakumazgira suzgo ili. Ku China (uko kukuthemba pa Guinea pa hafu ya aluminiyamu wake, na kukolerana na pulezidenti Conde) kukususkana na boma. [50] [51] [52] [49]

?ankhondo [ lemba | kulemba source ]

Nkhani ikulu: Military of Guinea

Gulu la ?asilikari la Guinea lili kuga?ikana mu viga?a vinkhondi: ?asilikari, ?asilikari ?a mu nyanja, ?asilikari ?a mu mlengalenga, ?asilikari ?a National Gendarmerie na ?asilikari ?a Republican Guard. Kuonjezerapo, magulu a chitetezo cha boma akuphatikizapo National Police Force (Surete Nationale). Gulu la ?asilikari ilo likuvikilira ?anthu, lili na ?anthu masauzandi ghanandi.

?asilikari a?a ?ali na ?asilikari pafupifupi 15,000, ndipo ni gulu likuru comene la ?asilikari. ?asilikari ?a nkhondo ?akujumpha 700. Vinthu vyake vikusazgapo ndege zinandi zakulwera nkhondo na vyakurya vya ku Russia. ?asilikari ?a nkhondo ?ali na ?antchito pafupifupi 900 ndipo ?akwendeska maboti na maboti ghachoko.

Wanangwa wa ?a nthu [ lemba | kulemba source ]

Nkhani ikulu: Human rights in Guinea

Ku Guinea, kugonana kwa ?analume panji ?anakazi pera nkhukanizgika. Mu 2010, nduna yikuru yikayowoya kuti ?anthu awo ?akutemwa kugonana ?alije wanangwa uwu.

Anastasia Gage, pulofesa wa pa Yunivesite ya Tulane, na Ronan van Rossem, pulofesa wa pa Yunivesite ya Ghent, ?akuti mu Guinea ndimo ?anthu ?anandi ?akukomekera ?anakazi. Mu 2009, ku Guinea, ?anakazi ?akujumpha 98% ?akachitiskanga vi?aro vyawo. Ku Guinea, "pafupifupi ?anthu ?a mitundu yose, visopa, na mafuko" ?akukoma ?anakazi. Kafukufuku uyo wakachitika mu 2005, wakalongora kuti ?anakazi 96 pa 100 ?aliwose ?ali kuchitapo opareshoni iyi. [53] [54] [54] [55]

Chuma [ lemba | kulemba source ]

Nkhani ikulu: Economy of Guinea
Malinke fisher women on the Niger River, Niandankoro , Kankan Region , in eastern Guinea
Kissidougou market

Ulimi [ lemba | kulemba source ]

Pa nyengo yinyake, vyakurya vikagwiranga nchito ?anthu pafupifupi 75%. Mpunga uwu ukulimika mu malo agho kuli maji ghanandi pakati pa milonga. Chifukwa chakuti mpunga uwo ?anthu ?a mu charu ichi ?akupanga ngwakukwana yayi, ?akuguliska kufuma ku vyaru vinyake. Mu chiga?a ichi ?akuliska mphonje za khofi, anase, maperekisi, vipasi, mango, malalanje, mabhanana, mbatata, matumato, macucumber, malibwe, na vyakurya vinyake. Charu cha Guinea nchimoza mwa vyaru ivyo vikupanga maapulo na mapeyala. Pali minda ya mpheska, ya makomamanga, ndipo mu vyaka vyasonosono apa, vyakumera vya makomamanga vyamba kukura. [56]

Vyachilengiwa [ lemba | kulemba source ]

Ku Guinea kuli mabomba gha bauxite ghakukwana 25% panji kujumpha apa. Muli malibwe gha dayamondi, golide, na visulo vinyake. Bauxite na alumina ni vinthu vikuru comene ivyo ?anthu ?akuguliska. Makampani ghanyake ghakupanga mo?a, maji, vyakumwa vyakunowa na hona. Vyaru vili na ?anthu ?akujumpha 75 peresenti. Mu nyengo iyo charu cha Guinea chikalamuliranga na ?a ku France, chika?a na vyakurya vinandi nga ni nthochi, anase, khofi, mankhwa?a, na mafuta. Malo agha ghali na dongo, maji, na mphepo.

Kugwira Ntchito M'migodi [ lemba | kulemba source ]

Nkhani ikulu: Mining industry of Guinea
A proportional representation of Guinea exports, 2019

Ku Guinea kuli matani ghakujumpha 25 biliyoni gha bauxite, panji kuti hafu ya malo agho ghalipo pa caru cose. Vinthu vyakuthupi ivyo charu ichi chili navyo ni matani ghakujumpha 4 biliyoni gha visulo vyamahara, dayamondi, golide, na uranium. Mu viga?a vyose ivi, muli mwa?i wa kupanga ndalama na malonda, ndipo "nthondo ya ku Guinea iyo njambura kukhazikika ndiposo vimbundi vikulutilira kutondeska ?anthu kupanga ndalama zinandi".

Makampani ghakukolerana agho ghakupanga mabomba gha bauxite na alumina kumpoto ca kumanjiliro gha dazi kwa Guinea ghakupanga pafupifupi 80% ya ndalama za ku Guinea. Bauxite wakuzgoka aluminiyamu, ndipo pamanyuma wakuzgoka aluminiyamu. Wupu wa Compagnie des Bauxites de Guinee (CBG) ukupeleka matani pafupifupi 14 miliyoni gha bauxite ya mtundu wapachanya pa chaka. CBG ni kampani yakukolerana, 49% yili na boma la Guinea ndipo 51% yili na kampani ya Halco Mining Inc., iyo yikulongozgeka na kampani ya Alcoa (AA) iyo yikupanga aluminiyamu, Rio Tinto Group na Dadco Investments. Wupu wa CBG uli na wanangwa waku?a na bauxite mu chiga?a cha kumpoto kwa Guinea m'paka mu 2038. Mu 2008, ?anthu awo ?akasuskanga ntchito ya magesi ?akajara misewu iyo CBG yikendangamo. Mu mapangano agho ?akachita na makampani gha mafuta gha pa caru cose, Guinea wali na fundo yakuti ?antchito ?ake ?apelekenge magesi ku ?anthu awo ?akukhala kufupi. [57]

?ana awo ?akugwira nchito za mawoko kuti ?asange vyakukhumbikwa mu mbumba zawo.

Wupu wa Compagnie des Bauxites de Kindia (CBK), uwo ni wupu wa boma la Guinea na wa RUSAL, ukupanga matani pafupifupi 2.5 miliyoni pa chaka, ndipo pafupifupi matani ghose agha ghakutumizgika ku Russia na ku vyaru vya kumafumiro gha dazi kwa Europe. Dian Dian, wupu wa ku Guinea na Ukraine, uwo ukupangiska bauxite, ukupangika matani 1,000,000 (1,102,311 short tons; 984,207 long tons) pa chaka. Mu 2004, kampani ya Alumina Compagnie de Guinee (ACG) iyo yikapoka kampani ya Friguia Consortium, yikapanga matani pafupifupi 2.4 miliyoni gha mafuta gha aluminiyamu. Malo agha ghakutumizga matani 750,000 gha alumina. Global Alumina na Alcoa-Alcan ?ali kulembeska mapangano na boma la Guinea kuti ?azenge mafakitale ghakurughakuru ghakupangira alumina, agho ghali na nkhongono yakuchitira vinthu pafupifupi matani 4 pa chaka.

Mu mgodi wa Simandou muli visulo vinandi vya visulo. Mu Malichi 2010, kampani ya Anglo-Australian Rio Tinto Group na aluminiyamu yikuru chomene ya China (Chinalco) ?akasazga phangano lakukhwaskana na mulimo wa Rio Tinto. Mu 2017, wupu wakuwona vya upusikizgi (SFO), uwo ni wupu wakuwona vya upusikizgi ku Britain, ukayambiska kafukufuku pa ivyo Rio Tinto wakachitanga mu Guinea.

Tigui Camara, uyo kale waka?a wamase?era, ni mwanakazi wakwamba mu Guinea ku?a na kampani ya migodi iyo yikwendeskeka na ?anthu. [58]

Mafuta [ lemba | kulemba source ]

Mu 2006, charu cha Guinea chikachita phangano na Hyperdynamics Corporation ku Houston kuti ?apenje malo ghakutali na nyanja. Chibu?a chakwamba, Sabu-1, chikeneranga kwambika mu Okutobala 2011, pa malo agho ghaka?a pasi pa maji mamita pafupifupi 700. Sabu-1 yika?a na viga?a vinayi vya mchenga wa Cretaceous, ndipo yikaghanaghananga kuti yifwenge mamita 3,600.

Pamanyuma pa kumalizga kubowozga mu 2012, chisimi cha Sabu-1 chikawoneka kuti ntchakovwira yayi. Mu Novembala 2012, kampani ya Hyperdynamics, SCS, yikapangana kuti yigulitse 40% ya malo ogulitsira ku Tullow Oil, ndipo chi?erengero cha eni ake ku Guinea chinakwera kufika pa 37% Hyperdynamics, 40% Tullow Oil, ndi 23% Dana Petroleum. Hyperdynamics yizamu?a na nyengo m'paka Seputembala 2016, mwakuyana na phangano ilo lilipo sono, kuti yambe kubowozga pa malo ghanyake agho yikukhumba, agho ni Fatala Cenomanian turbidite fan prospect. [59] [60] [61] [62]

?alendo [ lemba | kulemba source ]

The "Voile de la Mariee" (Bride's Veil) waterfall in Kindia

Vinyake ivyo vikukondweska chomene mu Guinea ni majigha agho ghali mu viga?a vya Basse Guinea (Lower Guinea) na Moyenne Guinea (Middle Guinea). Chigwa cha Soumba pa phiri la Kakoulima ku Kindia, Voile de la Mariee (Valo la Mkwatibwi) ku Dubreka, chigwa cha Kinkon chomwe chili pafupifupi mamita 80 (260 ft) pa Kokoula River ku Pita, mathithi a Kambadaga omwe amatha kufika mamita 100 (330 ft) nyengo yamvula pamtsinje womwewo, mathithi a Ditinn & Mitty ku Dalaba, ndi mathithi a Fetore ndi mlatho wamwala m'chigawo cha Labe ndi ena mwa malo okopa alendo okhudzana ndi madzi.

Mayendelo [ lemba | kulemba source ]

Nkhani ikulu: Transport in Guinea

Malo ghakwendera ndege gha Conakry International Airport ndigho ni ghakurughakuru chomene mu charu ichi, ndipo ghakwendera ku misumba yinyake mu Africa na ku Europe.

Njanji iyi yikazengeka pakati pa 1904 na 1910, ndipo yika?aso yayi kugwira ntchito mu 1995 ndipo mu 2007 yikamara. Pakwamba, ?akakhumbanga kunozga msewu uwu kuti u?e wakwendamo ?anthu ?anandi, ndipo apo ntchito yikambanga mu 2010, ?akayowoya kuti mulimo uwu uli kumara chifukwa cha vimbundi. Pali njanji iyo yikwendeskeka na boma iyo yikukolerana na migodi ya bauxite ya Sangaredi na dowoko la Kamsar (137 km) kweniso njanji ya m'ma 1960 iyo yikwendeskeka na Russia RusAl ku migodi ya Fria (143 km).

Paku?a chiga?a cha ndondomeko ya kwambaso kuguliska migodi ya visulo pa Simandou block 1 na 2, wupu uphya uwu ukalayizga mu 2019 kuti uzamupeleka ndalama zakwendeskera mulimo wa kuzenga njanji yiphya yakuya ku Matakong pa nyanja ya Atlantic uko ?azamuguliska ndalama zakukwana madola mabiliyoni 20 gha ku America kuti ?azenge dowoko la maji ghakunyang'amira. Njira ya makilomita 650 njitali kuluska nthowa yinyake yakulongozgera kumwera ku Buchanan, Liberia, iyo yikawonekanga nga ni nthowa yinyake mu October 2019. [63] [64] [65] [66] Ndipouli, nthowa ya Matakong yikeneranga ku?a mu Guinea ndipo yikeneranga ku?a na nthowa yakwendeskera vyakurya.

Mu Guinea, magalimoto ghanyake ghali na vyaka vyakujumpha 20, ndipo magalimoto gha taxi ni magalimoto gha vipata vinayi agho mweneko wayowoya kuti ghapangike. ?anthu ?a mu tawuni iyi, awo ?alije magalimoto, ?akugwiliskira nchito magalimoto gha tekisi na mabasi ghacoko kuti ?endenge mu tawuni na mu caru cose. Mahachi na mbunda vikuguza magileta, comenecomene pakunyamura vinthu vya kuzenga.

?anthu [ lemba | kulemba source ]

Population in Guinea [67] [68]
Year Million
1950 3.0
2000 8.8
2021 13.5
Nkhani ikulu: Demography of Guinea

?anthu awo ?akukhala mu charu ichi ?alipo 13.5 miliyoni. Msumba wa Conakry ndiwo uli na ?anthu ?anandi chomene. Mu 2014, chi?elengero cha ?ana awo ?akababikanga mu Guinea chika?a 4.93 pa mwanakazi waliyose. [69]

 
 
Misumba panji matauni ghakulu mu charu cha Guinea
According to the 2014 Census [70]
Mndandanda Region ?anthu
Conakry
Conakry
Nzérékoré
Nzerekore 		1 Conakry Conakry 1,660,973
2 Nzerekore Nzerekore 195,027
3 Kankan Kankan 190,722
4 Maneah Kindia 167,354
5 Dubreka Kindia 157,017
6 Kindia Kindia 138,695
7 Siguiri Kankan 127,492
8 Kissidougou Faranah 99,931
9 Labe Labe 92,654
10 Kamsar Boke 83,428

Chiyowoyero cha ku Guinea ni Chifurenchi. Mu 2018, ?anthu 33.9% ?akayowoyanga Chipular, ndipo ?anthu 29.4% ?akayowoyanga Chimandingo. Chilankhulo chachitatu chomwe chimalankhulidwa kwambiri ndi Chisu, chomwe chimalankhulidwa ndi 21.2% ya anthu mu 2018 ngati chilankhulo chawo choyamba. Viyowoyero vinyake ivyo vikuyowoyeka mu Guinea nga ni chiyowoyero cha ?anthu ?a ku Guinea vikakwana 16% mu 2018, kusazgapo Kissi na Kpelle. [1]

?anthu ?a ku Guinea ?ali mu mafuko pafupifupi 24. ?anthu ?a mtundu wa Mandinka, awo ?akumanyikwaso kuti Mandingo panji Malinke, ?alipo 29.4% ndipo ?akukhala ku chiga?a cha kumafumiro gha dazi kwa Guinea. [10] T?afula panji ?afula, ?alipo 33.4% ndipo ?akukhala mu chiga?a cha Futa Djallon. ?anthu ?a mtundu wa Soussou ?alipo 21.2% ndipo ?akukhala ku chiga?a cha kumanjiliro gha dazi kwa msumba wa Conakry, Forecariah, na Kindia. ?anthu ?achoko waka ndiwo ?akukhala pa chi?elengero cha ?anthu 16%, kusazgapo Kpelle, Kissi, Zialo, Toma na ?anyake. Ku Guinea kuli ?anthu 10,000 awo mba ku Africa yayi, ndipo ?anandi mwa ?anthu a?a mba ku Lebanon, France, na vyaru vinyake vya ku Europe. [71] [10] [72] [73] [72] [72]

Chisopo [ lemba | kulemba source ]

Wonani vinandi: Religion in Guinea
Guinea religious sects [74]
Religion Percent
Islam
 
85%
Christianity
 
8%
Traditional African religion
 
7%

?anthu ?a ku Guinea ?alipo 85% Mbasilamu ndipo 8% Mbakhristu. ?anyake, ?asilamu na ?akristu wuwo, ?akulondezga vigomezgo vya ?anthu ?a ku Africa. [74] [75]

?asilamu ?anandi ?a ku Guinea ?akulondezga chisopa cha Sunni, cha Maliki. Magulu gha Cikristu ghakuphatikizapo ?a Katolika, ?a Anglican, ?a Baptist, ?a Seventh-day Adventist, na ?a Evangelical. ?akaboni ?a Yehova ?akugwira nchito mu caru ici ndipo boma liku?amanya makora. Ku malo agha kuli cisopa ca Baha'i. ?anthu ?anandi awo ?akukhala mu vyaru vinyake mba Chihindu, Chibuda, na ?a chisopa cha Chitchayinizi.

Ku Nzerekore kuka?a nkhondo za mitundu na visopa kwa mazu?a ghatatu mu Julayi 2013. [76] [77] [78] Nkhondo pakati pa ?anthu ?a fuko la Kpelle awo Mbakhristu panji ?akugomezga kuti kuli vyamoyo, na ?anthu ?a fuko la Konianke awo Mbasilamu ndipo ?ali pafupi na fuko la Malinke, ?akafwa ?anthu ?akukwana 54. ?anyake awo ?akafwa ?aka?akoma na vilwero na kotcha ?amoyo. Nkhaza zikamara apo ?asilikari ?a ku Guinea ?aka?ikapo dango lakuti ?anthu ?aleke kwiza ku nyumba zawo. [78] [78]

Masambilo [ lemba | kulemba source ]

Nkhani ikulu: Education in Guinea
Schoolgirls in Conakry

Mu 2010, ?anthu 41 pa 100 ?aliwose ?akamanyanga ku?azga na kulemba (52 pa 100 pa ?analume na 30 pa 100 pa ?anakazi). [79] Sukulu ya pulayimale njakukakamiza kwa vyaka 6. Mu 1999, ?anthu 40 pa 100 ?aliwose ?akasambiranga ku pulayimale. ?ana, comenecomene ?asungwana, ?akufumiskika ku sukulu kuti ?awovwire ?apapi ?awo pa nchito za pa nyumba panji zaulimi, panji kuti ?atoreke: Mu Guinea muli "ci?elengero cikuru comene" ca ?ana awo ?akutengwa. [80] [81] [82]

Umoyo [ lemba | kulemba source ]

Wonani vinandi: Health in Guinea

Ebola [ lemba | kulemba source ]

Wonani vinandi: Ebola virus epidemic in West Africa

Mu 2014, ku Guinea kukabuka nthenda ya Ebola. Lekani dipatimenti ya vyaumoyo yikakanizga kuguliska na kurya viyuni ivi. Nyengo yikati yajumphapo, nthenda iyi yikathandazgika kufuma ku viga?a vya ku mizi kuya ku Conakry, ndipo mu Juni 2014 yikafika mu vyaru vyapafupi nga ni Sierra Leone na Liberia. Mu Ogasiti 2014, charu cha Guinea chikajara mphaka na Sierra Leone na Liberia kuti chileke kuthandazga nthenda iyi. [83]

Nthenda iyi yikamba mu Disembala mu muzi wa Meliandou, kumwera kwa Guinea, kufupi na mphaka na Liberia na Sierra Leone. Munthu wakwamba uyo ?akamupima waka?a mwana wa vyaka vi?iri, ndipo wakafwa pa 6 Disembala, chifukwa cha nthenda ya malungo, kuputa, na vyoto vyaswesi. Pakati pajumpha sabata yimoza, amama ?a mwana uyu ?akafwa, ndipo pamanyuma mudumbu na abuya ?ake ?akafwa. Pamanyuma, nthenda iyi yikathandazgikira ku mizi yinyake cifukwa ca ?anthu awo ?aka?apweleleranga.

"Malo ghakusungirako ?akufwa" ndigho ghakwambiska nthenda iyi. Wupu wa vyaumoyo pa caru cose (WHO) ukati cifukwa ca kuleka kucezga na ?anthu ?a mu ciga?a ici, ?antchito ?a vyaumoyo ?akatondeka kusanga uko kukafuma nthenda iyi.

Apo WHO yikamalizga ndondomeko ya Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC) pa 29 March 2016, lipoti la Ebola Situation Report ilo likapelekeka pa 30 March likakhozga kuti ?anthu 5 ?anyakeso ?akalwara nthenda iyi mu masabata gha?iri agho ghakajumpha, ndipo nthenda iyi yikakhwaskana na nthenda ya Novembala 2014.

Nthenda ya Ebola yikananga nthowa zakuchizgira matenda ghanyake mu Guinea. ?anthu ?akamba kuleka kuluta ku chipatala chifukwa cha kopa nthenda iyi kweniso chifukwa cha kuleka kugomezga ndopa. Kweniso chifukwa cha Ebola, ?anthu ?akamba kuleka kupwelelera ndopa.

Ebola yikwambaso ku Guinea mu January/February 2021. [84] [85] [86] [87] [88]

Maternal and child healthcare [ lemba | kulemba source ]

Chi?erengero cha amayi omwe amafa mu 2021 pa kubadwa 100,000 ku Guinea ndi 576. [89] Pa ci?elengero ici, mu 2010 kuka?a 680 ndipo mu 2008 kuka?a 859.9 ndipo mu 1990 kuka?a 964.7. ?ana awo ?akufwa para ?andafike vyaka vinkhondi ?akufwa pa ?ana 1,000 146, ndipo ?ana awo ?akufwa para ?andafike vyaka vinkhondi ?akufwa 29. Ku Guinea, pa ?ana 1,000 awo ?akubabika, mwanakazi yumoza ndiyo waku?a mama, ndipo pa ?anakazi 26 ?aliwose, yumoza wakufwa. Ku Guinea ndiko kuli ?anthu ?anandi comene awo ?akukoma ?anakazi. [90] [91] [92]

HIV/AIDS [ lemba | kulemba source ]

Nkhani ikulu: HIV/AIDS in Guinea

Paumaliro wa 2004, ?anthu ?akukwana 170,000 ?aka?a na nthenda iyi. [93] [94] Kafukufuku uyo wakachitika mu 2001 na 2002 wakulongora kuti ?anthu ?anandi ?akusuzgika na HIV mu misumba kuluska ku mizi. Ku Conakry (5%) na mu misumba ya ku Forest Guinea (7%) iyo yili kufupi na Cote d'Ivoire, Liberia, na Sierra Leone ndiko kuka?a nthenda iyi.

Matenda gha HIV ghakuthandazgika comene para munthu wakugonana na ?analume panji ?anakazi ?anyake. ?analume na ?anakazi ?aku?a na nthenda ya HIV mwakuyana waka, ndipo ?anthu ?a vyaka vyapakati pa 15 na 24 ndiwo ?akusuzgika comene. Pa ?anthu awo ?akugwira ntchito za kugonana (42%), ?asilikari (6.6%), ?akwendeska magalimoto na matekisi (7.3%), ?anthu ?akugwira ntchito mu migodi (4.7%) na ?anthu ?akukhwima awo ?ali na TB (8.6%), vi?elengero ivi vikulongora kuti ?anthu awo ?akugwira ntchito za kugonana (42%).

Pali vinthu vinandi ivyo vikwambiska nthenda ya HIV/AIDS ku Guinea. Vinthu ivi ni kugonana kwambura kuvikilirika, kugonana na ?anthu ?anandi, kuleka ku?azga na kulemba, ukavu ukuru, mphaka zambura kukhazikika, ?anthu ?akuchimbira kwawo, kuso?erwa kwa wovwiri wa boma, na kuso?a kwa wovwiri wa munkhwala na wovwiri wa boma. [95] [95] [95]

Ku?a na njara [ lemba | kulemba source ]

Kafukufuku munyake uyo wakachitika mu 2012, wakalongosora kuti ?anthu ?anandi ?akulwara matenda gha matenda agha mu viga?a vyakupambanapambana. Kafukufuku uyu wakalongora kuti ?ana 139,200 ?aka?a na suzgo la kuso?a chakurya, 609,696 ?aka?a na suzgo la kuso?a chakurya, ndipo 1,592,892 ?aka?a na nthenda ya kusulura ndopa. ?anthu ?akayowoya kuti vinthu ivi vikupangiska kuti ?anthu ?aleke kupwelelera ?anyawo, ?aleke kusanga wovwiri wa munkhwala, ?aleke ku?a na utozi uwemi, kweniso kuti vyakurya vileke ku?a vyakupambanapambana. [96]

Malaria [ lemba | kulemba source ]

Maleriya ghakuthandazgika chaka chose, ndipo ghakuthandazgika chomene kwamba mu Julayi m'paka Okutobala. Ku Guinea ?anthu ?akulwaralwara cifukwa ca matenda agha. [97] [98]

COVID-19 pandemic [ lemba | kulemba source ]

Nkhani ikulu: COVID-19 pandemic in Guinea

Munthu wakwamba uyo wakasangana na nthenda ya COVID-19 wakalembeka mu Guinea pa 13 March 2020. Paumaliro wa 2020, chi?elengero cha ?anthu awo ?akasangika na nthenda iyi chika?a 13,722. Pa ?anthu a?a, 13,141 ?akachira, 500 ?aka?a ?amoyo, ndipo 81 ?akafwa. [99] [100]

Mwambo [ lemba | kulemba source ]

Malo agho ?akuguliskako vyakurya mu chiga?a cha Dinguiraye, ku Guinea

Mase?era [ lemba | kulemba source ]

Mu charu cha Guinea, ?anthu ?anandi ?akutemwa comene mase?ero gha bola.

Wupu wakuwona vya mase?ero wa Guinea Football Federation ndiwo ukuchita mase?ero agha. Wupu uwu ndiwo ukwendeska timu ya mpira wa ku caru cose, na ligi ya ku caru cose. Likakhazikiskika mu 1960 ndipo likukolerana na FIFA kufuma mu 1962 na Confederation of African Football kufuma mu 1963.

Gulu la mpira la ku Guinea, lakucemeka Syli nationale (Ndlovu za ku Guinea), likucitako mase?ero gha mpira wa pa caru cose kwamba mu 1962. ?akamba kulimbana na East Germany. ?andafikepo pa chigoti cha World Cup, ndipo ?akathereskeka na Morocco pa Africa Cup of Nations mu 1976. [101] [101] [102] [103] [104] [105] [101]

Guinee Championnat National ndi chigawo chapamwamba cha mpira wa ku Guinea. Kufuma waka apo yikambira mu 1965, magulu ghatatu ghaka?a na chilato cha kutonda mphindano za ku Guinea. Horoya AC wali na vithuzithuzi 16 ndipo ndiyo wakathereska mu 2017. Hafia FC (iyo yikamanyikwanga na zina lakuti Conakry II mu ma 1960s) yili na vithuzithuzi vyakujumpha 15. AS Kaloum Star (iyo yikamanyikwanga na zina lakuti Conakry I mu ma 1960s) yili na maudindo 13. Magulu ghose ghatatu ghali mu msumba wa Conakry.

Hafia FC yikathereska African Cup of Champions Clubs katatu, mu 1972, 1975 na 1977, apo Horoya AC yikathereska African Cup Winners' Cup mu 1978. [106] [107]

Kutora mitala [ lemba | kulemba source ]

Wonani vinandi: Polygamy in Guinea

Dango la ku Guinea likukanizga kutora ?anakazi ?anandi, kweni pali vinyake ivyo vikukanizgika. Mu 2020, ?anthu pafupifupi 26% ?akatoranga ?anakazi ?anandi (29% ?asilamu na 10% ?akhristu). [108] [109]

Kuphika [ lemba | kulemba source ]

Wonani vinandi: Cuisine of Guinea

Vyakurya vya ku Guinea vikupambana kuyana na chiga?a. Cassava wakumwa. Vyakurya vya ku Guinea ni yetisse, msuzi wa ma nuts, msuzi wa okra na chingwa cha tapalapa. Mu viga?a vya ku mizi, ?anthu ?akurya mu "mbale yikuru" na kurya na mawoko kuwaro kwa nyumba. [110] [111]

Sumo [ lemba | kulemba source ]

Vyakuona [ lemba | kulemba source ]

Wonaniso [ lemba | kulemba source ]

Lua error: bad argument #2 to 'title.new' (unrecognized namespace name 'Portal').

Ukaboni [ lemba | kulemba source ]

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  2. ↑ "Guinea" . The World Factbook (2024 ed.). Central Intelligence Agency . Retrieved 22 Juni 2023 .
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 "World Economic Outlook Database, October 2022" . IMF.org . International Monetary Fund . Okutobala 2022 . Retrieved 11 Okutobala 2022 .
  4. ↑ "GINI index (World Bank estimate)" . World Bank. Archived from the original on 10 Janyuwale 2019 . Retrieved 10 Janyuwale 2019 .
  5. ↑ "Human Development Report 2021/2022" (PDF) (in English). United Nations Development Programme . 8 Sekutembala 2022. Archived (PDF) from the original on 8 Sekutembala 2022 . Retrieved 30 Sekutembala 2022 .
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 "Guinea-Conakry" . Archived from the original on 5 Febuluwale 2009 . Retrieved 11 Febuluwale 2009 .
  7. ↑ "Music Videos of Guinea Conakry" . Archived from the original on 21 Febuluwale 2007 . Retrieved 12 Epulelo 2018 . {{ cite web }} : CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown ( link )
  8. ↑ "The Anglican Diocese of Ghana" . Netministries.org . Archived from the original on 7 Janyuwale 2009 . Retrieved 23 Julayi 2017 .
  9. ↑ "CFI - Africa - Guinea Conakry" . Archived from the original on 11 Meyi 2011 . Retrieved 11 Febuluwale 2009 .
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  13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 13.2 Danielle Paquett, Here's what we know about the unfolding coup in Guinea , Washington Post (September 6, 2021).
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  28. ↑ "Mr Sekou Toure, who gave the PAIGC unstinting support during its war against the Portuguese,..." Black revolt Archived 8 Malichi 2009 at the Wayback Machine , The Economist (22 November 1980)
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  33. ↑ 33.0 33.1 MacFarquhar, Neil (21 Disembala 2009). "U.N. Panel Calls for Court in Guinea Massacre" . The New York Times . Archived from the original on 11 Meyi 2011 . Retrieved 23 Disembala 2009 .
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  40. ↑ "The Senegal River basin" . Fao.org . Archived from the original on 19 Okutobala 2012 . Retrieved 23 Julayi 2017 .
  41. ↑ "The Niger River basin" . Fao.org . Archived from the original on 21 Julayi 2017 . Retrieved 23 Julayi 2017 .
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  80. ↑ According to the WHO:"The 10 countries with the highest rates of child marriage are: Niger, 75%; Chad and Central African Republic, 68%; India, 66%; Guinea, 63% ; Mozambique, 56%; Mali, 55%; Burkina Faso and South Sudan, 52%; and Malawi, 50%." [1] Archived 24 Epulelo 2015 at the Wayback Machine
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    They - and four others - fell ill with diarrhoea, vomiting and bleeding after attending the burial of a nurse. [...] A nurse who worked a health centre in Goueke, near the south-eastern city of Nzerekore, died on 28 January and her funeral was held four days later.
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  95. ↑ 95.0 95.1 95.2 Public Domain This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain : "Health Profile: Guinea" . USAID (March 2005).
  96. ↑ "Enquete nationale nutrition-sante, basee sur la methodologie SMART, 2011?2012" (PDF) . World Food Programme. 2012 . Retrieved 12 Meyi 2014 . [ permanent dead link ]
  97. ↑ "Archived copy" (PDF) . Archived from the original (PDF) on 26 Ogasiti 2014 . Retrieved 24 Ogasiti 2014 . {{ cite web }} : CS1 maint: archived copy as title ( link )
  98. ↑ "Archived copy" (PDF) . Archived from the original (PDF) on 26 Ogasiti 2014 . Retrieved 24 Ogasiti 2014 . {{ cite web }} : CS1 maint: archived copy as title ( link )
  99. ↑ "COVID-19 and W/Africa: 1,994 new cases, 31 new deaths in 24 hours" . APA. 31 Disembala 2020 . Retrieved 2 Janyuwale 2021 .
  100. ↑ "EU employee tests positive for coronavirus in Guinea's first case" . Reuters . 13 Malichi 2020.
  101. ↑ 101.0 101.1 101.2 Falola, Toyin; Jean-Jacques, Daniel (14 Disembala 2015). Africa: An Encyclopedia of Culture and Society [3 volumes]: An Encyclopedia of Culture and Society . ABC-CLIO. pp. 568?569. ISBN   9781598846669 . Retrieved 5 Novembala 2016 .
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  103. ↑ "At a glance: Guinea - Football boosts girls' education" . UNICEF. Archived from the original on 24 Disembala 2018 . Retrieved 3 Disembala 2013 .
  104. ↑ Guinea, Post Report . United States Department of State . 1985. p. 9 . Retrieved 8 Sekutembala 2021 .
  105. ↑ "Associations: Guinea" . FIFA. Archived from the original on 10 Okutobala 2018 . Retrieved 24 Disembala 2018 .
  106. ↑ Kuhn, Gabriel (15 Malichi 2011). Soccer vs. the State: Tackling Football and Radical Politics . PM Press. p. 33. ISBN   9781604865240 . [ permanent dead link ]
  107. ↑ "Guinea: List of champions" . Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation . Archived from the original on 27 Febuluwale 2015 . Retrieved 24 Disembala 2018 .
  108. ↑ "Polygamy is rare around the world and mostly confined to a few regions" .
  109. ↑ Articles 315-319 Archived 21 Meyi 2013 at the Wayback Machine , Civil Code of the Republic of Guinea (Code Civil de la Republique de Guinee)
  110. ↑ "Eating in the Embassy: Guinean Embassy Brings West African Food To Washington" . WAMU. Archived from the original on 1 Febuluwale 2014 . Retrieved 23 Julayi 2017 .
  111. ↑ "Recipes & Cookbooks" . Friends of Guinea. Archived from the original on 3 Febuluwale 2014 . Retrieved 23 Julayi 2017 .

Vyakulemba [ lemba | kulemba source ]

  1. ↑ French : Guinee , Template:Lang-fuf , Template:Lang-wo , Template:Lang-nqo , Template:Lang-bm

Viga?a vya kuwalo [ lemba | kulemba source ]

Template:Guinea topics

11°N 10°W  /  11°N 10°W  / 11; -10

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