???????????????????????????

????????????? ?????????????
???????????????????????????
???????????? ??????????????

?????????????????: 1) ??????????????????, 2) ????????????????, 3) ????? ????? ?? ???????????????, 4) ???????????
?????? 24 ???????? ? 14 ??????? ?.?. 1812
(5 ????? 2 ??????? 6 ???)
???????
?? ???????????????? [1]
?????????? ??????????????????
????? ?????????????????????????????
?????????

?????????????????

????????:
จักรวรรดิออสเตรีย ?????????????????
ราชอาณาจักรปรัสเซีย ???????????????????
เดนมาร์ก ?????????????????
จักรวรรดิรัสเซีย ????????????????
??????????????????????
??????????? 1
????????????? ????????
??????-?????? ????
????? ??
??????? ???????????
?????? ??????
????? ?????????
????? ??????????
??????? ??????
ราชอาณาจักรอิตาลี (นโปเลียน) ?????? ??? ????????
จักรวรรดิออสเตรีย ???????????? ?????
ราชอาณาจักรปรัสเซีย ?????? ??? ?????
ราชอาณาจักรปรัสเซีย ??????? ??? ??????????
เดนมาร์ก ??????? ??????? [2] [3]
จักรวรรดิรัสเซีย ???????????????? 1
จักรวรรดิรัสเซีย ??????? ???????
จักรวรรดิรัสเซีย ?????? ?????????
จักรวรรดิรัสเซีย ??????? ??????????  
จักรวรรดิรัสเซีย ??????? ????????????
จักรวรรดิรัสเซีย ??????????? ?????????
จักรวรรดิรัสเซีย ????? ???????
?????
?????????? :
~685,000 ??? [4]
?????????????????????? :
????????? ~900,000 ??? [4]
???????????
?????????: ~400,000 ??? [5] [6]
????????: 120,000 ??? (?????????????????????????? 35,000 ???)
?????????: 210,000 ??? [7]

??????????????????????????? ( ?????? : French invasion of Russia ) ???????????????????????????? ????????????????????? 1812 ( ??????? : Отечественная война 1812 года ) ????????????????????????????? ????????????? ( ???????? : Campagne de Russie ) ???????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????? 1 ??????????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????

?????????? [ ??? ]

???????????????????? ????????????????????? ??????? 1805 ????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????? ?????????????????????????????? ????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????? 1807 ?????????????????????????????? ??????????????????? ??????????? ???????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????? ???? 1809 ?????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????? ??????????? ?????????????????

???????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????? (????????????????????????????????????????) ?????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????? [8]

???????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????? ???????????????? 1 ??????????? ???????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? [9] ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????? [10]

????????? [ ??? ]

????????????? [ ??? ]

????????????????????????????????????????? 24 ???????? ?.?. 1812 ????? ?????????? ( Grande Armee ) ??? ???????????????????? 1 ????????? ??????????? ????????????????????? ????????????????????????? 680,000 ??? ???????????????????????????????? 400,000 ???

????? ?????? ????????? ????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????? ?????????? ??????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????? ???????????????????????????

???????????????????????????????????? ????????? ??????????????? ????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????????????????? [11]

???????????????????????????????????????????? ????? ?????????? ????????????? ?????? ???????????, ????? ????????????????????? [9] ??????????????????????????????????????????? ????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????? [12] ????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????

????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????????? 1 ????????????????? ????????? ???????????? ????????????????????????????????????????????????? ??????? ??????? ???????????????????????-????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????

7 ??????? ??????????????????????? 135,000 ??? ????????????????????????? 111,000 ????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????? 110 ?????????????????????????? ?????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????? 49 ????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????????????? [13]

??????????? [ ??? ]

?????????????????????????

????????????????????????? 14 ??????? ???????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????? ??????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????

???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????? ????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ??????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????

?????????????? [ ??? ]

???????????????????????????

?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 24 ?????? ???????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????? (????? ????????????? ??????????), ???????????????????????, ???????????????, ???????????????? ???????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????? ? ?????????????????????????? ?????????????? ???????????????? ?????????????????????????? 27,000 ??? ????????????????????????????????????????????? 380,000 ??????????????????????? 100,000 ??? [14] ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 12 ??????? ?.?. 1812

??????? [ ??? ]

  1. von Clausewitz, Carl (1996). The Russian campaign of 1812 . Transaction Publishers. Introduction by Gerard Chaliand, VII. ISBN 1-4128-0599-6
  2. Christian Wilhelm von Faber du Faur, Campagne de Russie 1812: d'apres le journal illustre d'un temoin oculaire , editions Flammarion, 1812, 319 pages, p.313.
  3. Eugene Labaume, Relation circonstanciee de la Campagne de Russie en 1812 , editions Panckoucke-Magimel, 1815, p.453-454.
  4. 4.0 4.1 Riehn 1991 , p. 50.
  5. Zamoyski 2005, p. 536 ? note this includes deaths of prisoners during captivity.
  6. The Wordsworth Pocket Encyclopedia, p. 17, Hertfordshire 1993.
  7. Bogdanovich, "History of Patriotic War 1812", Spt., 1859?1860, Appendix, pp. 492?503.
  8. Riehn 1990 , p. 25.
  9. 9.0 9.1 Caulaincourt 2005 , p. 9.
  10. McLynn 2011 , pp. 490?520.
  11. Caulaincourt 2005 , p. 77, "Before a month is out we shall be in Moscow. In six weeks we shall have peace.".
  12. Caulaincourt 2005 , p. 85, "Everyone was taken aback, the Emperor as well as his men ? though he affected to turn the novel method of warfare into a matter of ridicule.".
  13. Riehn 1991 , p. 236.
  14. The Wordsworth Pocket Encyclopedia, page 17, Hertfordshire 1993