??????????? ?????

# ??? ??????????????? ???????	?????? ?????? ??????????
0	100%
1	50%
2	25%
3	12.5%
4	6.25%
5	3.125%
6	1.5625%
7	0.78125%
...	...
N	${\frac {100\%}{2^{N}}}$
...	...

??????????? ????? ( half-life ) ?????? ????????? ?????????? ( Exponential decay ) ???????????????? ?????? ???? ?????? ???????????? ?????????? ??????? ????????? ????? ?????. ??????????? ????? ?????? ????????? ??????????? ?????? ( radioactive decay ) ??????????? ???????????? ????????. ????? ????? ??? ?? ??????????? ??????????????????????.

??????? ???????????? ??????????? ??????? ??????????? ????????? ?????????? ??????? ???????????? ( percentage ) ???? ?????????????????.

????????? ????????????, ????????? ????? $t_{1/2}$ ????????? ?????????????? ?????????:

t_{1/2}={\frac {\ln(2)}{\lambda }}

,

?????,

$\lambda$ - ????????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????.

??????????? ????? ( $t_{1/2}$ ), ?????? ?????????? ( mean lifetime , $\tau$ ) ???? ????????? ?????????????? ??????? ?????????????:

t_{1/2}=\ln(2)\cdot \tau

???????? [ ???? ]

????????? ????? ???????????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ????????????? ????????????? 1890 ????? ????????????????????. ??????? ????? ??????????? ??????????. ?????????????? ???????? ???? ???????????????? ???????? ???????????? ???????? ????????????. ??????? ???? ????????? ??????? ??? ??????????? ??????????? ??????????????, ??? ????????? ?????????? ??????????? ?????? ??????????? ??????? ???????? ????? ?????????? ?????????? ??? ???????? ????????. ??????? ??????? ?????? ????????????? ?????????. ????? ??????? ????????????. ?????? ????? ??? ????????? ????????? ???????? ??????? ???? ??? ????????????????? ?????????????? ????? ?????? ?????? ????????????? ?????????????????. ??? ??????????? ??? ??????????? ??? ???????? ???????? ?????? ???????????????? ??????????????? ????? ???????????. ??? ???????? ????? ?????????. ??? ???? ?????????. ???? ??? ?????? ??????? ???????? ????????? ??? ?????????. ??? ??????????? ??? ??????? ???????? ????? ??????? ????????. ???? ??? ????????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ?????????????? ??????????.

????? ?????????? ??????? ??????? ????????? ???????? ????? ??? ??????????? ??? ??????????? ??? ??????????? ????? ??????????? ??? ??????????? ????? ???????? ??????????? ????????? ??? ??????????? ???????????. ??? ??????????? ??? ??????????? ???? ???? ???????? ???????????? ????? ????????????????, ??????????? ????? ??????? ?????? ????? ????? ???????? ????? ??????? ???????????????? ????? ????????. ??????? ????????? ???????? ????? ??? ??????????? 50 ????? ???????? ????? ??????? ????? ?????????? ??? ??????? ????? ?????????????????. ?????? ??? ???????? ????? ????? ?????. ????????? 238 ???? ???????????? ??? ?????? ????? 4468 ????????? ????????. ^[1] ?????? ??? ???? ????????????? ????? ???? ????? ??????? ??????????. ??? ????????? ???? ????? ??????. ????????? 212 ??? ??? ???????? ????? 0.0000003 ??????????. ^[2]^[3]

??????????? [ ???? ]

↑ Mcclain, D.E.; A.C. Miller; J.F. Kalinich (20 ???????? 2007). "Status of Health Concerns about Military Use of Depleted Uranium and Surrogate Metals in Armor-Penetrating Munitions" (PDF) . NATO. Archived from the original (pdf) on 7 ???????? 2012 . ????????????? ???? 14 ??????? 2010 . {{ cite web }}: Check date values in: |archive-date= ( help )
↑ National Nuclear Data Center. NuDat 2.1 database . Brookhaven National Laboratory . http://www.nndc.bnl.gov/nudat2/ . ??????? ????: September 2005 .
↑ N. E. Holden (2004). "Table of the Isotopes". In D. R. Lide (ed.). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (85th ed.). CRC Press. p. 11 -50. ??????????? ?????????? ??? 978-0-8493-0485-9 .

[1] Mcclain, D.E.; A.C. Miller; J.F. Kalinich (20 ???????? 2007). "Status of Health Concerns about Military Use of Depleted Uranium and Surrogate Metals in Armor-Penetrating Munitions" (PDF) . NATO. Archived from the original (pdf) on 7 ???????? 2012 . ????????????? ???? 14 ??????? 2010 . {{ cite web }}: Check date values in: |archive-date= ( help )

[2] National Nuclear Data Center. NuDat 2.1 database . Brookhaven National Laboratory . http://www.nndc.bnl.gov/nudat2/ . ??????? ????: September 2005 .

[3] N. E. Holden (2004). "Table of the Isotopes". In D. R. Lide (ed.). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (85th ed.). CRC Press. p. 11 -50. ??????????? ?????????? ??? 978-0-8493-0485-9 .

[1]

[2]

[3]