12 ?????? ??????? ????? ?? ?????? ??? ?? 43??? ??? ????? ??? ?? ??? ??? ??? ?? 322 ( ??? ??? ???? 323) ??? ???? ???

????? [ ???? ]

• 1502 – ????? ?? ???? ????? , ??????? ??? ???? ??? ???? ????? ???? ?? ??????? ???? ???
• 1502 – ??????? ( ???? ) ?? ????????? ??? ???? ??????? ???? ??? '?? ????? ???? ????
• 1541 – ????? ?? ???????? ????? ???????? , ???? ?? ???????
• 1763 – ???? ??? ???? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ?????
• 1771 – ?????? ???? ????? ?? ??????? ???? ???
• 1847 – ??????? ???? ???? ??? ????? ??? ?? ????? ??? ???
• 1912 – ??? ?? ?????????? ????? ???????
• 1925 – ??????? ???? ?? ???????? ????? ??? ?????
• 1974 – ?????????? ???????????? , 1970 ?? ???? ????? ??????? ??????, ??? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????? ???? ????? ???
• 1987 – ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ???? '? 5 ???? 70 ??? ???? ?? ?? ??? ???? ???? ????
• 1997 – ??????? ???? ???? ????? ?? ???? ????? ????
• 1999 – ??? ?????? ??? ???? ?? ???????? ??? ???? ??? ?????
• 2004 – ??? ?????????? ?????? ?? ????????? ( ?????? ) ??? '????? ??????????' ???? ????? ????? ?????

??? [ ???? ]

• 1809 – ??????? ??? ??????? ????? ?????? ?? ????
• 1809 – ?????? ??? ?????? ?? 16??? ????????? ?????? ????? ?? ????
• 1814 – ???????? ???? ????? ?? ???? ???? ??? ????????? ?? ????
• 1870 – ???????? ????? ??? ????, ??? ???? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ?? ????
• 1871 – ??????? ?????, ?????? ??? ?????? ???????? ?? ??? ???????? ?? ????
• 1920 – ????? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ????
• 1955 – ????? ????? ????, ??? ??????? ???? ?? ????
• 1976 – ????? ??????????, ????? ??? ??????? ????? ???? ?? ????
• 1987 – ??????-???? ??? ?? ???? ??? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?? ????

?????? [ ???? ]

• 1637 – ???????? ?? ???? ????? ??? ?? ????
• 1713 – ???? ??????? ??????? ???? ?? ???????
• 1804 – ???? ??????? ??????? ???? ?? ???????
• 1937 – ??????? ????????? ????, ????? ??? ??? ????????? ??????? ?? ???????
• 1976 – ??????? ?????? ???? ??? ????????? ????? ???? ????? ?? ???????
• 1980 – ?????? ??? ??? ???????? ??????? ???????? ?? ???????
• 1980 – ???? ?? ???????? ????? ???? ??????? ?? ???????
• 1990 – ?????? ???????? ????? ??? ??????? ?? ???????
• 2003 – ?????, ???? ??? ?????? ???????? ?? ?????? ??? ???????? ??????? ??????? ?? ???????
• 2005 – ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ???????

??????? ??? ??? ??? [ ???? ]

• ?????? ?????? (???????????)
• ?????? ?????? (?????????)