?????????????

????????????? 1922

????????????? ?????????? ???????? rotorcraft ??????????? ??? ??? ????????? ???????? ????????????? rotors ? ?????????????? ???????????? ?????? ???????? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? , ????? ?????????? ? ????????????? ??????????? ????????????? ???????? ???????????????? ????? ? ??????????? ??????????? ??????? ??? ???? ??? ???????? ?????? ???????? ??? ? ???????? ???????? ???? ??????????????? ??????? ?????? ??? ???????????? ??????????? ????????????? ??? ???????????? ???????? ??? ??????? ??? ???? ????????? ???????? ??????? takeoff ?????? ????? ????? ????????????? ?

????????????? ????? ??????????? ????????? ?? helicoptere ???? ?????? , ?????? ??? Gustave ?? Ponton d' Amecourt ??????? 1861 ??? ???????? ???? ????????? helix/helik- ( ?λιξ ) = " twisted , ??? " [ 1 ] ??? pteron ( πτερ?ν ) = " ????? "? [2] [3 ] [ 4] ??????????? ???????????? ????????????????? ????????? ????????????? chopper helo ??? whirlybird ?

????????????? ???????? ????????? ?????????? ????????????? ?????????? ????? ?? ?????????? ?????? ??? Focke - Wulf Fw 61 ??????????? ????????????? ????????????? ??????????????? ????? 1936 ? ????????????? ???????? ????????? ??????? ???????? ???????????? ???????? ??????? ????? 1942 ????? ????????????? ?????????? ??? Igor Sikorsky ?????? ????????? ??????? ?????????? ?????? [ 5] ???????? ??????? 131 ?????????? ? [ 6] ????????? ??????????? ???????? ?????????? ??????????????? rotor ?????? ??????????? ?????? rotor ???????? ????? ???????? ???????????????????? rotor ?????? ?????????? ???????????????? ?????? ??????? ???????????????????? ????????????? ????????? ? ????????????? rotor ??? ??? ???????????? ????????????? ????????? ???????? ???????? payload ??????????? ?????????? Quadrotor ????????????? ????????? ?????????? multicopter ????????????????? ??????????????? ????? ?

???????? [ ?????? ]

Chiles, James R. The God Machine: From Boomerangs to Black Hawks: The Story of the Helicopter . New York: Bantam Books, 2007. ISBN 0-553-80447-2 .
Cottez, Henri. Dictionnaire des structures du vocabulaire savant . Paris: Les Usuels du Robert. 1980. ISBN 0-85177-827-5 .
Francillon, Rene J. McDonnell Douglas Aircraft since 1920: Volume II . London: Putnam, 1997. ISBN 0-85177-827-5 .
Frawley, Gerard. The International Directory of Civil Aircraft, 2003?2004 . Fyshwick, Canberra, Act, Australia: Aerospace Publications Pty Ltd., 2003, p. 155. ISBN 1-875671-58-7 .
Munson, Kenneth. Helicopters and other Rotorcraft since 1907 . London: Blandford Publishing, 1968. ISBN 978-0-7137-0493-8 .
Rotorcraft Flying Handbook. Washington: Skyhorse Publishing, Inc., 2007. ISBN 1-60239-060-6 .
Rotorcraft Flying Handbook: FAA Manual H-8083-21. . Washington, D.C.: Federal Aviation Administration (Flight Standards Division), U.S. Dept. of Transportation, 2001. ISBN 1-56027-404-2 .
Thicknesse, P. Military Rotorcraft (Brassey's World Military Technology series). London: Brassey's, 2000. ISBN 1-85753-325-9 .
Watkinson, John. Art of the Helicopter. Oxford: Elsevier Butterworth-Heinemann, 2004. ISBN 0-7506-5715-4
Wragg, David W. Helicopters at War: A Pictorial History . London: R. Hale, 1983. ISBN 0-7090-0858-9 .

????????????? [ ?????? ]

?????????????????????????????????: Helicopters

"Planes That Go Straight Up." 1935 article about early development and research into helicopters
"Flights ? of the Imagination." 1918 article on helicopter design concepts.
"Twin Windmill Blades Fly Wingless Ship" Popular Mechanics , April 1936