???? ????????

???? ????????
???? ????????
????????? ??????	18 ????????? , 1931
????????? ??????	???????
????????????? ??????	5 ??????? , 2019 (88 ????)
????????????? ??????	???????
??????????????	South-View Cemetery
??????????	??????? , ????????? , ?????????? , ????????????? ????????? , ????? , ???????? ??????? , ????????????? ????????? ?? ?????????
????????	????-???????????
???????????	???
????-??????	Lorain High School , ???????? ???????????? ?? ???????? ????????????
?????	????-????????? ??????????
Magnum opus	??????? ????? ????? , ???? , ????????? ??????? , ????????? , ?????? ????? , ???? , ??????? , ????????? , ???????????? , ????? ?? ?????? ??????? ???? ??????
????????	??????? ?????? ??????????? ?????? ; ??????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ;
??????	Harold Morrison
???????(??)?	??????? ?????
	??????? ?????????
?????????
?????	tonimorrisonsociety.org
	???? ???????? ????????????

???? ???????? ( ????. Toni Morrison , ???????? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ?????? ??????? ; ?. 18 ????????? , 1931 ? ?. 5 ??????? , 2019 ) ? ????????? ???????, ?????????? ?? ???????. ??????? ??????? ???????? ??????????? ?????? ( 1993 ).

??????? ????-???????? , ??? -?? ???????? ?????????? ???????????? ?????? ??????. ????????? ?????????? ( 1949 ?1953 ) ?? ???????? ( 1953 ?1955 ) ???????????????; ???????? ?????????? ?????????????? ( 1965 ?1983 ), ????????? ???-?? ???????????????, ??? ????? ????????? ????????????? ( 1989 ?2006 ).

???? ????????? ???????????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ?????“ (?The bluest eye“, 1970 ) ?????????????, ????? ??????????? ?????????? ?????????? ??????? ????? ????. ????????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ??????????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ???? ??????????“ (?Song of Solomon“, 1977 ), ?????? ??????? ?????? ???? ???????? ????“ ????? ?? ?????????; ?????? ?????????? ???????? ????? ?? ????????????? ???????? ???????. ??????? ????????? ?????????? ????????? ????????? ?????? ??????“ (?Tar baby“, 1981 ), ??????????“ (?Love“, 2003 ), ??????????“ (?A mercy“, 2008 ). ???? ??????? ????? ? ??????????“ (?Beloved“, 1987 ), ?????“ (?Jazz“, 1992 ), ????????“ (?Paradise“, 1998 ) ? ??????????????? ?????? ????-???????????? ???????? ?????? ???????: ??????? ?????, ?????????? ??? , ?????????? ?????????????? ????????? ???????. ????? ????????? ?? ???????????, ???????????? ?? ????????, ????????????? ?? ??????????? ??????? ?????? ???? ????????? ???????????? ??????? ???????????????.

???????????? [ ??????????? | ?????? ??????????? ]

???????? [ ??????????? | ?????? ??????????? ]

??????? ??????? ????? (1970)
???? (1973)
?????? ???? ?????????? (1977)
?????? ????? (1981)
????????? (1987)
???? (1992)
??????? (1997)
????????? (2003)

?????????? [ ??????????? | ?????? ??????????? ]

Маслова Е. Г. Моррисон Тони // Большая российская энциклопедия . т. 21. ? М. , 2013. ? стр. 151.

????????? ?????????? [ ??????????? | ?????? ??????????? ]

????????? C-SPAN -??
???? ???????? ???????????? ????????-????????? ??????
???? ???????? ? ????????? ?? ??????????? ????????? The Guardian ??????
???? ???????? ? ????????? ?? ??????????? ?New York Times“ -?? ??????.
???? ???????? ??????????? WorldCat ?????????
???? ???????? ? ??????????? ?????? Open Library

?????? [ ??????????? | ?????? ??????????? ]

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 Encyclopædia Britannica
<a href=" https://wikidata.org/wiki/Track:Q5375741 "></a>
↑ Toni Morrison, Towering Novelist of the Black Experience, Dies at 88
↑ BD Gest'
<a href=" https://wikidata.org/wiki/Track:Q2876969 "></a>
↑ Internet Speculative Fiction Database ? 1995.
<a href=" https://wikidata.org/wiki/Track:Q2629164 "></a>
↑ NooSFere ? 1999.
<a href=" https://wikidata.org/wiki/Track:Q3343389 "></a>
↑ ?????????? ????????????
<a href=" https://wikidata.org/wiki/Track:Q237227 "></a>
↑ The Fine Art Archive ? 2003.
<a href=" https://wikidata.org/wiki/Track:Q10855166 "></a>
↑ Bibliotheque nationale de France BnF authorities: ????????? ??? ?????????? ? 2011.
<a href=" https://wikidata.org/wiki/Track:Q19938912 "></a><a href=" https://wikidata.org/wiki/Track:Q54837 "></a><a href=" https://wikidata.org/wiki/Track:Q193563 "></a>
↑ Vegetti Catalog of Fantastic Literature
<a href=" https://wikidata.org/wiki/Track:Q23023088 "></a>
↑ ^10.0 ^10.1 AlKindi
<a href=" https://wikidata.org/wiki/Track:Q101207543 "></a><a href=" https://wikidata.org/wiki/Track:Q104244355 "></a>
↑ ^11.0 ^11.1 Babelio ? 2007.
<a href=" https://wikidata.org/wiki/Track:Q2877812 "></a>
↑ ^12.0 ^12.1 Munzinger Personen
<a href=" https://wikidata.org/wiki/Track:Q107343683 "></a>
↑ ^13.0 ^13.1 ^13.2 https://www.nytimes.com/2019/08/06/books/toni-morrison-dead.html
↑ ^14.0 ^14.1 https://www.theguardian.com/books/2019/aug/06/toni-morrison-author-and-pulitzer-winner-dies-aged-88
↑ ^15.0 ^15.1 The Fine Art Archive ? 2003.
<a href=" https://wikidata.org/wiki/Track:Q10855166 "></a>
↑ Find a Grave ? 1996.
<a href=" https://wikidata.org/wiki/Track:Q63056 "></a>
↑ http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/articles/LNR9vCvV553p5qcZ7L1kD9/author-collection
↑ http://www.nytimes.com/1996/09/29/nyregion/ambition-in-words-and-images.html
↑ http://www.nytimes.com/movies/movie/191932/Toni-Morrison-A-Writer-s-Work/overview
↑ American Women Writers : A Critical Reference Guide from Colonial Times to the Present ? 1979.
<a href=" https://wikidata.org/wiki/Track:Q106787730 "></a>
↑ http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/african_american_review/v044/44.4.roynon.pdf
↑ http://www.poemhunter.com/toni-morrison/quotations/
↑ http://www.huffingtonpost.com/the-news/reporting/2008/01/24/
↑ https://catalogue.bnf.fr/affiner.do?motRecherche=&index=AUT3&numNotice=12017165&listeAffinages=FacFonctAuteur_1110&afficheRegroup=false&trouveDansFiltre=NoticePUB&nbResultParPage=10&triResultParPage=5&typeNotice=p
↑ Czech National Authority Database
<a href=" https://wikidata.org/wiki/Track:Q13550863 "></a>
↑ Page Y. W. Encyclopedia of African American Women Writers ? Westport : Greenwood Publishing Group , 2007. ? ISBN 978-0-313-33429-0 , 978-0-313-04907-1
<a href=" https://wikidata.org/wiki/Track:Q586762 "></a><a href=" https://wikidata.org/wiki/Track:Q3116159 "></a><a href=" https://wikidata.org/wiki/Track:Q87409368 "></a>
↑ Smith J. C. Notable Black American Women
<a href=" https://wikidata.org/wiki/Track:Q105958972 "></a><a href=" https://wikidata.org/wiki/Track:Q47455946 "></a>
↑ BlackPast.org ? 2004.
<a href=" https://wikidata.org/wiki/Track:Q30049687 "></a>
↑ http://www.nytimes.com/1996/09/29/books/english-lessons.html
↑ http://www.nytimes.com/2009/10/11/arts/design/11voge.html?hpw
↑ https://www.neh.gov/about/awards/national-humanities-medals/toni-morrison
↑ https://www.theguardian.com/books/2019/aug/06/toni-morrison-obituary

[<span_class="wikidata_cite_citetype_Q615699"_data-entity-id="Q5375741">[http://global.britannica.com/biography/Toni-Morrison_Encyclopædia_Britannica]<span_class="wef_low_priority_links"></span></span><div_style="display:none"><a_href="https://wikidata.org/wiki/Track:Q5375741"></a></div>-1] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 Encyclopædia Britannica
<a href=" https://wikidata.org/wiki/Track:Q5375741 "></a>

[[https://www.nytimes.com/2019/08/06/books/toni-morrison-dead.html_Toni_Morrison,_Towering_Novelist_of_the_Black_Experience,_Dies_at_88]<span_class="wef_low_priority_links"></span><div_style="display:none"></div>-2] Toni Morrison, Towering Novelist of the Black Experience, Dies at 88

[<span_class="wikidata_cite_citetype_Q35127"_data-entity-id="Q2876969">BD_Gest'<span_class="wef_low_priority_links"></span></span><div_style="display:none"><a_href="https://wikidata.org/wiki/Track:Q2876969"></a></div>-3] BD Gest'
<a href=" https://wikidata.org/wiki/Track:Q2876969 "></a>

[<span_class="wikidata_cite_citetype_Q7094076_citetype_Q1789476"_data-entity-id="Q2629164">Internet_Speculative_Fiction_Database<span_class="wef_low_priority_links">_—_1995.</span></span><div_style="display:none"><a_href="https://wikidata.org/wiki/Track:Q2629164"></a></div>-4] Internet Speculative Fiction Database ? 1995.
<a href=" https://wikidata.org/wiki/Track:Q2629164 "></a>

[<span_class="wikidata_cite_citetype_Q7094076_citetype_Q1789476_citetype_Q11513034"_data-entity-id="Q3343389">NooSFere<span_class="wef_low_priority_links">_—_1999.</span></span><div_style="display:none"><a_href="https://wikidata.org/wiki/Track:Q3343389"></a></div>-5] NooSFere ? 1999.
<a href=" https://wikidata.org/wiki/Track:Q3343389 "></a>

[<span_class="wikidata_cite_citetype_Q13136"_data-entity-id="Q237227">[[:de:s:Brockhaus_Enzyklopädie|ბროკჰაუზის_ენციკლოპედია]]<span_class="wef_low_priority_links"></span></span><div_style="display:none"><a_href="https://wikidata.org/wiki/Track:Q237227"></a></div>-6] ?????????? ????????????
<a href=" https://wikidata.org/wiki/Track:Q237227 "></a>

[<span_class="wikidata_cite_citetype_Q48204_citetype_Q166118"_data-entity-id="Q10855166">The_Fine_Art_Archive<span_class="wef_low_priority_links">_—_2003.</span></span><div_style="display:none"><a_href="https://wikidata.org/wiki/Track:Q10855166"></a></div>-7] The Fine Art Archive ? 2003.
<a href=" https://wikidata.org/wiki/Track:Q10855166 "></a>

[<span_class="wikidata_cite_citetype_Q36524_citetype_Q7094076_citetype_Q27031827_citetype_Q595971"_data-entity-id="Q19938912"><i_class="wef_low_priority_links">[[:საფრანგეთის_ეროვნული_ბიბლიოთეკა|Bibliothèque_nationale_de_France]]</i>_BnF_authorities:_პლატფორმა_ღია_მონაცემები<span_class="wef_low_priority_links">_—_2011.</span></span><div_style="display:none"><a_href="https://wikidata.org/wiki/Track:Q19938912"></a><a_href="https://wikidata.org/wiki/Track:Q54837"></a><a_href="https://wikidata.org/wiki/Track:Q193563"></a></div>-8] Bibliotheque nationale de France BnF authorities: ????????? ??? ?????????? ? 2011.
<a href=" https://wikidata.org/wiki/Track:Q19938912 "></a><a href=" https://wikidata.org/wiki/Track:Q54837 "></a><a href=" https://wikidata.org/wiki/Track:Q193563 "></a>

[<span_class="wikidata_cite_citetype_Q1789476"_data-entity-id="Q23023088">Vegetti_Catalog_of_Fantastic_Literature<span_class="wef_low_priority_links"></span></span><div_style="display:none"><a_href="https://wikidata.org/wiki/Track:Q23023088"></a></div>-9] Vegetti Catalog of Fantastic Literature
<a href=" https://wikidata.org/wiki/Track:Q23023088 "></a>

[<span_class="wikidata_cite_citetype_Q1982918_citetype_Q856638"_data-entity-id="Q101207543">AlKindi<span_class="wef_low_priority_links"></span></span><div_style="display:none"><a_href="https://wikidata.org/wiki/Track:Q101207543"></a><a_href="https://wikidata.org/wiki/Track:Q104244355"></a></div>-10] 10.0 ^10.1 AlKindi
<a href=" https://wikidata.org/wiki/Track:Q101207543 "></a><a href=" https://wikidata.org/wiki/Track:Q104244355 "></a>

[<span_class="wikidata_cite_citetype_Q35127_citetype_Q81201196_citetype_Q847959_citetype_Q3220391_citetype_Q1789476"_data-entity-id="Q2877812">Babelio<span_class="wef_low_priority_links">_—_2007.</span></span><div_style="display:none"><a_href="https://wikidata.org/wiki/Track:Q2877812"></a></div>-11] 11.0 ^11.1 Babelio ? 2007.
<a href=" https://wikidata.org/wiki/Track:Q2877812 "></a>

[<span_class="wikidata_cite_citetype_Q7094076_citetype_Q36570165"_data-entity-id="Q107343683">Munzinger_Personen<span_class="wef_low_priority_links"></span></span><div_style="display:none"><a_href="https://wikidata.org/wiki/Track:Q107343683"></a></div>-12] 12.0 ^12.1 Munzinger Personen
<a href=" https://wikidata.org/wiki/Track:Q107343683 "></a>

[[https://www.nytimes.com/2019/08/06/books/toni-morrison-dead.html_https://www.nytimes.com/2019/08/06/books/toni-morrison-dead.html]<span_class="wef_low_priority_links"></span><div_style="display:none"></div>-13] 13.0 ^13.1 ^13.2 https://www.nytimes.com/2019/08/06/books/toni-morrison-dead.html

[[https://www.theguardian.com/books/2019/aug/06/toni-morrison-author-and-pulitzer-winner-dies-aged-88_https://www.theguardian.com/books/2019/aug/06/toni-morrison-author-and-pulitzer-winner-dies-aged-88]<span_class="wef_low_priority_links"></span><div_style="display:none"></div>-14] 14.0 ^14.1 https://www.theguardian.com/books/2019/aug/06/toni-morrison-author-and-pulitzer-winner-dies-aged-88

[<span_class="wikidata_cite_citetype_Q48204_citetype_Q166118"_data-entity-id="Q10855166">[https://cs.isabart.org/person/139870_The_Fine_Art_Archive]<span_class="wef_low_priority_links">_—_2003.</span></span><div_style="display:none"><a_href="https://wikidata.org/wiki/Track:Q10855166"></a></div>-15] 15.0 ^15.1 The Fine Art Archive ? 2003.
<a href=" https://wikidata.org/wiki/Track:Q10855166 "></a>

[<span_class="wikidata_cite_citetype_Q7094076_citetype_Q5535082_citetype_Q33270056_citetype_Q43229_citetype_Q107553922"_data-entity-id="Q63056">[http://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=gr&GRid=201875354_Find_a_Grave]<span_class="wef_low_priority_links">_—_1996.</span></span><div_style="display:none"><a_href="https://wikidata.org/wiki/Track:Q63056"></a></div>-16] Find a Grave ? 1996.
<a href=" https://wikidata.org/wiki/Track:Q63056 "></a>

[[http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/articles/LNR9vCvV553p5qcZ7L1kD9/author-collection_http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/articles/LNR9vCvV553p5qcZ7L1kD9/author-collection]<span_class="wef_low_priority_links"></span><div_style="display:none"></div>-17] ttp://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/articles/LNR9vCvV553p5qcZ7L1kD9/author-collection

[[http://www.nytimes.com/1996/09/29/nyregion/ambition-in-words-and-images.html_http://www.nytimes.com/1996/09/29/nyregion/ambition-in-words-and-images.html]<span_class="wef_low_priority_links"></span><div_style="display:none"></div>-18] ttp://www.nytimes.com/1996/09/29/nyregion/ambition-in-words-and-images.html

[[http://www.nytimes.com/movies/movie/191932/Toni-Morrison-A-Writer-s-Work/overview_http://www.nytimes.com/movies/movie/191932/Toni-Morrison-A-Writer-s-Work/overview]<span_class="wef_low_priority_links"></span><div_style="display:none"></div>-19] ttp://www.nytimes.com/movies/movie/191932/Toni-Morrison-A-Writer-s-Work/overview

[<span_class="wikidata_cite_citetype_Q1787111"_data-entity-id="Q106787730">[[:d:Q106787730|American_Women_Writers]]:_A_Critical_Reference_Guide_from_Colonial_Times_to_the_Present<span_class="wef_low_priority_links">_—_1979.</span></span><div_style="display:none"><a_href="https://wikidata.org/wiki/Track:Q106787730"></a></div>-20] American Women Writers : A Critical Reference Guide from Colonial Times to the Present ? 1979.
<a href=" https://wikidata.org/wiki/Track:Q106787730 "></a>

[[http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/african_american_review/v044/44.4.roynon.pdf_http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/african_american_review/v044/44.4.roynon.pdf]<span_class="wef_low_priority_links"></span><div_style="display:none"></div>-21] ttp://muse.jhu.edu/journals/african_american_review/v044/44.4.roynon.pdf

[[http://www.poemhunter.com/toni-morrison/quotations/_http://www.poemhunter.com/toni-morrison/quotations/]<span_class="wef_low_priority_links"></span><div_style="display:none"></div>-22] ttp://www.poemhunter.com/toni-morrison/quotations/

[[http://www.huffingtonpost.com/the-news/reporting/2008/01/24/_http://www.huffingtonpost.com/the-news/reporting/2008/01/24/]<span_class="wef_low_priority_links"></span><div_style="display:none"></div>-23] ttp://www.huffingtonpost.com/the-news/reporting/2008/01/24/

[[https://catalogue.bnf.fr/affiner.do?motRecherche=&index=AUT3&numNotice=12017165&listeAffinages=FacFonctAuteur_1110&afficheRegroup=false&trouveDansFiltre=NoticePUB&nbResultParPage=10&triResultParPage=5&typeNotice=p_https://catalogue.bnf.fr/affiner.do?motRecherche=&index=AUT3&numNotice=12017165&listeAffinages=FacFonctAuteur_1110&afficheRegroup=false&trouveDansFiltre=NoticePUB&nbResultParPage=10&triResultParPage=5&typeNotice=p]<span_class="wef_low_priority_links"></span><div_style="display:none"></div>-24] ttps://catalogue.bnf.fr/affiner.do?motRecherche=&index=AUT3&numNotice=12017165&listeAffinages=FacFonctAuteur_1110&afficheRegroup=false&trouveDansFiltre=NoticePUB&nbResultParPage=10&triResultParPage=5&typeNotice=p

[<span_class="wikidata_cite_citetype_Q856638_citetype_Q1982918_citetype_Q36524"_data-entity-id="Q13550863">Czech_National_Authority_Database<span_class="wef_low_priority_links"></span></span><div_style="display:none"><a_href="https://wikidata.org/wiki/Track:Q13550863"></a></div>-25] Czech National Authority Database
<a href=" https://wikidata.org/wiki/Track:Q13550863 "></a>

[<span_class="wikidata_cite_citetype_Q571_citetype_Q1787111"_data-entity-id="Q87409368"><i_class="wef_low_priority_links">Page&nbsp;Y.&nbsp;W.</i>_Encyclopedia_of_African_American_Women_Writers<span_class="wef_low_priority_links">_—_[[:d:Q586762|Westport]]:_[[:d:Q3116159|Greenwood_Publishing_Group]],_2007._—_ISBN_978-0-313-33429-0,_978-0-313-04907-1</span></span><div_style="display:none"><a_href="https://wikidata.org/wiki/Track:Q586762"></a><a_href="https://wikidata.org/wiki/Track:Q3116159"></a><a_href="https://wikidata.org/wiki/Track:Q87409368"></a></div>-26] Page Y. W. Encyclopedia of African American Women Writers ? Westport : Greenwood Publishing Group , 2007. ? ISBN 978-0-313-33429-0 , 978-0-313-04907-1
<a href=" https://wikidata.org/wiki/Track:Q586762 "></a><a href=" https://wikidata.org/wiki/Track:Q3116159 "></a><a href=" https://wikidata.org/wiki/Track:Q87409368 "></a>

[<span_class="wikidata_cite_citetype_Q1787111"_data-entity-id="Q105958972"><i_class="wef_low_priority_links">[[:d:Q47455946|Smith&nbsp;J.&nbsp;C.]]</i>_[[:d:Q105958972|Notable_Black_American_Women]]<span_class="wef_low_priority_links"></span></span><div_style="display:none"><a_href="https://wikidata.org/wiki/Track:Q105958972"></a><a_href="https://wikidata.org/wiki/Track:Q47455946"></a></div>-27] Smith J. C. Notable Black American Women
<a href=" https://wikidata.org/wiki/Track:Q105958972 "></a><a href=" https://wikidata.org/wiki/Track:Q47455946 "></a>

[<span_class="wikidata_cite_citetype_Q35127_citetype_Q163740_citetype_Q11028"_data-entity-id="Q30049687">BlackPast.org<span_class="wef_low_priority_links">_—_2004.</span></span><div_style="display:none"><a_href="https://wikidata.org/wiki/Track:Q30049687"></a></div>-28] BlackPast.org ? 2004.
<a href=" https://wikidata.org/wiki/Track:Q30049687 "></a>

[[http://www.nytimes.com/1996/09/29/books/english-lessons.html_http://www.nytimes.com/1996/09/29/books/english-lessons.html]<span_class="wef_low_priority_links"></span><div_style="display:none"></div>-29] ttp://www.nytimes.com/1996/09/29/books/english-lessons.html

[[http://www.nytimes.com/2009/10/11/arts/design/11voge.html?hpw_http://www.nytimes.com/2009/10/11/arts/design/11voge.html?hpw]<span_class="wef_low_priority_links"></span><div_style="display:none"></div>-30] ttp://www.nytimes.com/2009/10/11/arts/design/11voge.html?hpw

[[https://www.neh.gov/about/awards/national-humanities-medals/toni-morrison_https://www.neh.gov/about/awards/national-humanities-medals/toni-morrison]<span_class="wef_low_priority_links"></span><div_style="display:none"></div>-31] ttps://www.neh.gov/about/awards/national-humanities-medals/toni-morrison

[[https://www.theguardian.com/books/2019/aug/06/toni-morrison-obituary_https://www.theguardian.com/books/2019/aug/06/toni-morrison-obituary]<span_class="wef_low_priority_links"></span><div_style="display:none"></div>-32] ttps://www.theguardian.com/books/2019/aug/06/toni-morrison-obituary

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