Michail Gorbaitseov

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On Vicipeid, an chiclipeid shaor.
Infotaula de personaMichail Gorbaitseov

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Ainm sa teanga dhuchais (ru) Михаил Сергеевич Горбачёв
Beathaisneis
Breith 2 Marta 1931
Privolnoye (An tAontas Soiveadach)
Bas 30 Lunasa 2022
91 bliana d'aois
Central Clinical Hospital (an Ruis)
Siocair bhais Bas nadurtha  ( Cliseadh duan )
Ait adhlactha Reilig Novodevichy Cuir in eagar ar Wikidata
President of the Soviet Union (en) Aistrigh
15 Marta 1990 ? 25 Nollaig 1991
← luach ar iarraidh ? Deireadh an phoist →
Chairman of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR (en) Aistrigh
25 Bealtaine 1989 ? 15 Marta 1990
← luach ar iarraidh ? Anatoly Lukyanov  →
11 Cathaoirleach an Phraesaidiam d'Ard-Shoiveadach den an APSS
1 Deireadh Fomhair 1988 ? 25 Bealtaine 1989
←  Andrei Gromyko (en) Aistrigh ? Deireadh an phoist →
6 Ard-Runai Phairti Cumannach an Aontais Shoiveadaigh
11 Marta 1985 ? 24 Lunasa 1991
←  Konstantin Chernenko ? Volodymyr Ivashko  → Cuir in eagar ar Wikidata
Faisneis phearsanta
Ide-eolaiocht pholaitiochta Marxachas-Leinineachas agus daonlathas soisialach
Reiligiun An tAindiachas
Scoil a d'fhreastail se/si Moscow State University, Faculty of Law (en) Aistrigh (–1955)
Stavropol State Agrarian University (en) Aistrigh (–1967)
Ollscoil Stait Mosco Cuir in eagar ar Wikidata
Ceim acaduil Dochtuir Eolaiochtai
Teanga dhuchais an Ruisis
Gniomhaiocht
Reimse oibre Polaitiocht , economic reform (en) Aistrigh, democratization (en) Aistrigh agus Peireastraice
Gairm polaiteoir , eacnamai , gniomhai timpeallachta , saineolai dli , dliodoir Cuir in eagar ar Wikidata
Fostoir All-Union Leninist Young Communist League (en) Aistrigh
The Gorbachev Foundation (en) Aistrigh Cuir in eagar ar Wikidata
Ball de phairti polaitiochta Union of Social Democrats (en) Aistrigh (2007–)
Pairti Soisialta Daonlathach na Ruise (2001–2007)
Pairti Cumannach an Aontais Shoiveidigh (1950–1991)
Russian United Social Democratic Party (en) Aistrigh (–2001) Cuir in eagar ar Wikidata
Ball de
Acadamh Idirnaisiunta na nEolaiochtai, San Mairine (1996?)
Club na Roimhe ( ball oinigh )
Politburo of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (en) Aistrigh
Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (en) Aistrigh
All-Union Leninist Young Communist League (en) Aistrigh Cuir in eagar ar Wikidata
Faoi thionchar
Teangacha An Ruisis
Ghlac se/si pairt i
1997 Mikhail Gorbachev Pizza Hut commercial (en) Aistrigh
1996 Visiting Dmitry Gordon (en) Aistrigh
2 Iuil 1990 28th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (en) Aistrigh
25 Feabhra 1986 27th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (en) Aistrigh
23 Feabhra 1981 26th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (en) Aistrigh
24 Feabhra 1976 25th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (en) Aistrigh
30 Marta 1971 24th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (en) Aistrigh
17 Deireadh Fomhair 1961 22nd Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (en) Aistrigh Cuir in eagar ar Wikidata
Teaghlach
Ceile Raisa Gorbacheva (1953–1999), bas a c(h)eile Cuir in eagar ar Wikidata
Paiste Irina Virganskaya Cuir in eagar ar Wikidata
Athair Sergey Gorbachev (en) Aistrigh  agus  Maria Gorbacheva (en) Aistrigh
Croineolaiocht
30 Lunasa 2022 death and funeral of Mikhail Gorbachev (en) Aistrigh
26 Aibrean 1986 Tubaiste Searnobail Cuir in eagar ar Wikidata
Gradam a fuarthas
Siniu
Veu de Michail Gorbaitseov   ( an Ruisis ) Cuir in eagar ar Wikidata
Suiomh greasain gorby.ru Cuir in eagar ar Wikidata
IMDB: nm0329784 Allocine: 37163 Allmovie: p208691
Twitter: mgorbachev Musicbrainz: 4cf28e5c-a148-42d3-802f-d0f6f4033086 Find a Grave: 243112837 Cuir in eagar ar Wikidata

Iar-cheannaire an Aontais Shoiveadaigh ab ea Michail Gorbaitseov [1] no Mikhail Gorbachev ( Ruisis : Михаи?л Серге?евич Горбачёв ), a bhi i gceannas ar an APSS idir 1985 agus 1991 ( 2 Marta 1931 i b Privolnoye , an Ruis - 30 Lunasa 2022 i Mosco ).

Thainig Gorbachev chun cinn in 1985 mar cheannaire ar an Aontas Soiveadach agus bhi na polasaithe nua Gleasnast (oscailteacht no rechuiseachas) agus perestroika (athstruchturu) a gcur i bhfeidhm aige. [2] Ba e Gorbachev an ceannaire deireanach ar an Aontas Soiveadach . Chuir se deireadh leis an g Chogadh Fuar i ndiaidh treimhse detente agus bhog se ar aghaidh on cheannasaiocht thraidisiunta Shoiveadach ar na 'stait ar adhastar' in Oirthear na hEorpa. [3]

Teacht i reim [ cuir in eagar | athraigh foinse ]

Fuair Leonid Brezhnev bas sa bhliain 1982. Ar feadh cupla bliain ina dhiaidh sin, chonacthas beirt seanfhear, Yuriy Andropov agus Konstantin Chernenko , ag rialu an Aontais go tiubh sna salai ag a cheile. Ceannairi idirlinne ab ea iad nach raibh moran difriochta idir iad agus Brezhnev.

Sa bhliain 1985, afach, tar eis bhas Chernenko, ba e Gorbaitseov a ghlac ceannaireacht an phairti, an triu ceannaire taobh istigh de thri bliana. [4]

Bhi se i bhfad ni b'oige na mar ba ghnach d'Ard-Runai an Phairti Chumannaigh a bheith, agus chrom se ar an eacnamaiocht , an Pairti agus an polasai mean cumarsaide a chur i gcrich.

Fealsunacht [ cuir in eagar | athraigh foinse ]

Bhi a fhios ag Gorbaitseov go gcaithfeadh an APSS athru o bhun, idir chursai polaitiula agus chursai eacnamaiocha, da mb’ail leis fanacht beo. Ba e an chead cheim deireadh a chur le hiomaiocht na n-arm, sa doigh go bhfeadfai airgead a infheistiu i n geilleagar an stait. [4]

Spreag Gorbaitseov an pobal fosta, afach, caineadh cruthaitheach a dheanamh ar an choras chumannach mar dhoigh le cuidiu leis eiri nua-aimseartha agus feabhsu. [4]

Reagan agus Gorbaitseov, 1987

Leasuithe [ cuir in eagar | athraigh foinse ]

Bhi Gorbachev go hairithe an-bhuartha faoi staid an gheilleagair Ruisigh. Ba eisean an chead cheannaire Soiveadach nach raibh baint pholaitiuil aige leis an re Stailineach . Bhi a fhios ag Gorbachev nach dtiocfadh leis an Ruis leanuint de bheith ag caitheamh airgid gan stad ar mhaithe le bheith ag an leibheal ceanna caiteachas cosanta le SAM:

Thatcher , Gorbaitseov agus a bhean cheile

B'iad na focail ' peireastraice " ( perestroika , "atogail, athstruchturu" no geilleagar ni b'oscailte) agus " gleasnast " ( glasnost' , "neamhbhailbhe" no oscailteacht) a tharraing Gorbachev chuige ag iarraidh a chuid leasuithe a shainmhiniu.

Ta an coincheap gleasnast (glasnost i mBearla), no oscailteacht tuairimiochta, larnach maidir le tuiscint a fhail ar an Ruis sna 1980idi. [3] B'e an gleasnast ba mho a d'athraigh an saol san Aontas, no bhain se srianta na cinsireachta de na meain chumarsaide , ionas go bhfuair muintir an Aontais cead cainte agus teacht ar eolas an chead uair riamh sa stair.

Mar shampla, sa bhliain 1990, d’admhaigh Mikhail Gorbachov go raibh airm an tSoiveadach freagrach as Sleacht Katyn . [5]

Michail Gorbaitseov sa bhliain 1988

Deireadh leis an gCogadh Fuar [ cuir in eagar | athraigh foinse ]

I mi Mharta 1985 d’fhogair Gorbaitseov deireadh le Teagasc Brezhnev. Bhi an smaointeoireacht taobh thiar de seo sothuigthe; chiallaigh a chinneadh deireadh a chur leis an Chogadh Fhuar nach raibh aon gha a thuilleadh le crios maolanach Oirthear na hEorpa . Anois ni thriailfi tiortha a choinneail siar da mba mhian leo a saoirse a bhaint amach. Lena thaispeaint gurbh fhior do sa mheid a duirt se, thosaigh Gorbaitseov a aistarraingt trupai Ruiseacha as Oirthear na hEorpa. [4]

I mi Dheireadh Fomhair 1989, thug Michail Gorbachev cuairt ar Bheirlin Thoir agus thosaigh na rialtais Chumannacha in Oirthear na hEorpa ag titim ceann i ndiaidh a cheile. [6]

Rinne Gorbachev iarracht athchoiriu a dheanamh, agus cuireadh deireadh leis an g Cogadh Fuar mar thoradh.

Bronnadh Duais Nobel na Siochana air sa bhliain 1990 .

Titim an rialtais Soiveadach [ cuir in eagar | athraigh foinse ]

Ni raibh Gorbachev fein ag suil leis an seachthoradh, afach, gur thosaigh na poblachtai Soiveadacha eagsula ag eileamh forlamhais ar a gcuid tailte, no fiu neamhspleachas ,

Tharla Iarracht ar coup d'etat san APSS i 1991 . Theip ar na ceannairci nuair a chuir trupai a bhi dilis do Yeltsin agus Gorbachev an coup faoi chois. D'fhogair Boris Yeltsin ar an 22 Lunasa 1991 go raibh an coup thart. Bhain se dea-chail amach.

Ni raibh an oiread cumhachta ag Gorbachev agus a bhiodh. Cuireadh ar ais in oifig e. Ach laistigh de cheithre mhi, eisreachtaiodh an Pairti Cumannach sa Ruis. Roimh deireadh na mbliana, bhi a neamhspleachas fogartha ag gach ceann de na 15 poblacht san APSS. Chruthaigh triur de na stait ba mho, an Ruis, an Ucrain agus an Bhealaruis aontas nua darb ainm Comhlathas na Stat Neamhspleach .

Bas [ cuir in eagar | athraigh foinse ]

Fuair Gorbachev bas ar 30 Lunasa 2022 , in aois 91 do, ag an Central Clinical Hospital i Mosco, i ndiaidh do a bheith breoite le tamall fada. Duirt an Taoiseach Micheal Martin go raibh Mikhail Gorbachev ar dhuine do na daoine is suntasai o thaobh na polaitiochta a bhi ann, deanach sa 20u haois. Chabhraigh polasaithe Gorbachev chun ''Eoraip saor'' a chruthu. [7]

Feach freisin [ cuir in eagar | athraigh foinse ]

Tagairti [ cuir in eagar | athraigh foinse ]

  1. ↑ " "Michail Gorbaitseov" ". tearma.ie . Data rochtana: 2020-08-19.
  2. ↑ Deaglan de Bradun. (2016). "Cinnlinte" (Cois Life).  
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 curriculumonline.ie. " An Stair ː DREACHT-THREOIRLINTE DO MHUINTEOIRI ". Data rochtana: 2022.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 Diarmuid Ua Bruadair, St Mary's Beal Feirste. " An Cogadh Fuar ". Data rochtana: 2020.
  5. ↑ Shane O Curraighin, Sinead Ingoldsby, Fearghal O Maolagain (27 September 2013). " ‘Herody Kaytn’ a leiriu ag Aisteoiri Bulfin < Meon Eile ". www.meoneile.ie . Data rochtana: 2022-08-30.
  6. ↑ " Fall of the Berlin Wall: It was thanks to Soviet leader Mikhail " (en). The Independent (2014-10-30). Data rochtana: 2020-08-19.
  7. ↑ Nuacht RTE (2022-08-31). " Omos leirithe do Mikhail Gorbachev ata tar eis bhais " (as ga).  
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