????? ?? ?????

????? ?? ????? ????? ???? ??????? ???????

????? ?? ??? (?? ????????? : Piazza San Pietro ), ???? [?pi?a?a san ?pi??:t?o] ) ????? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ?? ???? ??? ??????? ???.

??????? [ ?????? ]

?? ??? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ??? ???? ?? ???? ???? ??? ???? ???? ??. ??????? ?? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ??? ? ?????? ???????? ??????? ?? ?? ???? ???? ????? ??? ?? ?? ?????. ?? ??? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ?? ????? ????? ????? ?? ????? ? ?? ??? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ??? ??? ?? ???? ???.

???? ???? ?? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ? ??? ????? ??? ???????? ???? ?? ???? ?? ???? ????? ???????? ????? ?? ?? ??????? ?????? ???? ??????? ????? ???? ????? ??? ?? ?? ?? ????? ???? ????? ?? ?? ????? ??? ??????? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ??????. (Norwich 1975 p 175) ??????? ????? ??? ??????? ? ????????? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ????? ?? ????? ??? (????? ??? ??). ??? ?? ????? ???? ??? ?? ???? ????? ???????? ??????? ???? ?? ???????? ??? ????? ???? ?????. ???? ????? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ? ???? ???????? ???? ?????? ?? ?? ?? ??????? ???. ?? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ? ??? ??? ??? ?? ????? ????? ???? ?? ???? ????? ? ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ?? ????? ???? ???.

??????? [ ?????? ]

???????? ??????? ???? ?? ???? ????? ^[?] ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ?? ?? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ????????????. ^[?] ??????? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ? ???????????.

??????? [ ?????? ]

?? ???? ??????????? ????? ???? ??? ??? ???? ???? ???? ?? ?? ???????? ???? ???? ???? ?? ??? ?? ????? ????????? ??????????? ???? ????? ????. ?? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ??? ??????.

????? ?? ???? ? ???? ????

????? ?? ????

?????? [ ?????? ]

↑ There are 248 columns and 88 pilasters; 140 over lifesize saints crown the cornice; the coats of arms are of Pope Alexander VII .
↑ The ovato tondo is 240 meters across.
↑ "Bernini's Saint Peter's Square" . Smarthistory at ?????? ??? . Archived from the original on 4 March 2013 . Retrieved January 18, 2013 .

????? [ ?????? ]

Touring Club Italiano, Roma e Dintorni

????? ????? [ ?????? ]

Norwich, John Julius, ed. 1975 Great Architecture of the World ISBN 0-394-49887-9

????? ?? ????? [ ?????? ]

St. Peter's Basilica New Photos of the Square
Great Buildings On-line: Piazza of St. Peter's
Video of St. Peter's Square
Roberto Piperno, "Piazza di S. Pietro": engravings by Vasi
Mary Ann Sullivan, "St Peter's Piazza, Vatican City"
Saint Peter's Square 360° Panorama
Vatican City, Piazza San Pietro VR panorama (Java) with map and compass effect by Tolomeus
Vatican City, Piazza San Pietro QTVR fullscreen panorama hi-res (11 Mb) by Tolomeus
Obeliscus Vaticanus LacusCurtius.com, The Vatican Obelisk, retrieved September 4, 2006
Rome, Nova Online, Mysteries of the Nile, A World of Obelisks: Rome pbs.org, retrieved September 4, 2006
St. Peter's Square 3D via Microsoft Photosynth ^{^{[
????? ????
]}}, retrieved June 12, 2007
Saint Peter Square , Bernini's Fountain

[1] There are 248 columns and 88 pilasters; 140 over lifesize saints crown the cornice; the coats of arms are of Pope Alexander VII .

[2] The ovato tondo is 240 meters across.

[smarth-3] "Bernini's Saint Peter's Square" . Smarthistory at ?????? ??? . Archived from the original on 4 March 2013 . Retrieved January 18, 2013 .

[?]

[?]

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