???????

????? ???????????

*Republique francaise* ( ????? )
????????????? ?????????
????? ??????????? ; Republique francaise ( ????? ) ; ????????????? ?????????
	????? ??????
	?????????: " Liberte, egalite, fraternite " ; ????????, ???????, ???????????? ; "?????????, ????, ?????????"
	?????? ??????: " La Marseillaise " ; ?? ???????????
	???????-?? ??????? (blue or dark green) ? Europe -? (green & dark grey) ; ? the European Union -? (green)
??????? ; ? ??????? ???? ?? ????	??????? ; ??°??′ ????? ?°??′ ????? / ??.???° ????? ?.???° ?????
?????? ????	?????
??????? ????	????????? ????????
????????	??.?% ????? (??????????) ; ?.?% ????? (??????) ; ?.?% ?????? ; ?.?% ??????? ;
???? (????)	??.?% ????????? ; ??.?% ??????? ; ?.?% ?????? ; ?.?% ????? ???? ; ?.?% ???????? ??????? ;
???????????? ??????	?????
?????	???????????? ????-????????????????? ?????????? ???????????
? ??????????	????????? ???????
? ?????????????	???????????? ?????
? ??????? ??????	????? ??????
? ?????? ?????? ??????	???????? ??? ????
???-???	??????
? ????????	?????
? ?????????	?????? ????
?????????
? ???????????? ?????????	???
? ??????? ??????	????? ???
? ????????????? ?????????	???? ?????????? ????
? ???????? ????????? ?????????? ?????????	??? ????????? ????
? ??????? ???????	? ??????? ????
?????
? ???	?,??,??? ???? ? (?,??,??? ?? ? ) ( ???? )
? Metropolitan France ( IGN )	?,??,??? ???? ? (?,??,??? ?? ? ) ( 50th )
? Metropolitan France ( Cadastre )	?,??,???.? ???? ? (?,??,???.? ?? ? ) ( 50th )
????????
? October 2017 ????????	67,158,000 ( 21st )
? Density	???/???? ? (???/????????) ( 106th )
? Metropolitan France October 2017 estimate	65,017,000 ( 22nd )
? ?????	???/???? ? (???.?/????????) ( 89th )
?????? ( ?????? )	???? ????????
? ???	$2.826 trillion ( ??? )
? ????????	$42,314 ( ???? )
?????? (??????)	???? ????????
? ???	$2.574 trillion ( ?? )
? ????????	$38,577 ( ???? )
???? (????)	30.1 ; ??????
???? ??????? ???? (2015)	0.897 ; ??? ???? · ????
??????	Euro ( EUR ) ; CFP franc (XPF) ;
???? ?????	?????? +1 ( ?????????? ???????? ???? )
? ???????????? ( ?????? )	?????? +2 ( ?????????? ???????? ???????????? ???? )
	Note: various other time zones are observed in overseas France.
????? ???????	dd/mm/yyyy ( AD )
????? ?????? ???	???
???? ???	+33
????????? ??????	.fr
	Source gives area of metropolitan France as 551,500 km2 (212,900 sq mi) and lists overseas regions separately, whose areas sum to 89,179 km 2 (34,432 sq mi). Adding these give the total shown here for the entire French Republic. The CIA reports the total as 643,801 km2 (248,573 sq mi).

??????? ( ????? : France [f???s] ??????? ), ??? ?????? ??? ?? ????? ??????????? ( ????? : Republique Francaise [?epyblik f???s?z] ????????????? ?????????? ), ??????? ???? ???????? ?? ????????? ???????? ? ?????????? ??? ???? ??????? ??????? ??????? ???????????? ????????? ????? ??????? ??????????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????? ??? ??????? ?????? ???????? ?? ???????? ??????????? ??????? ???? ????????? ??????? , ?????????? , ????? ????????? ? ???????? ????????? -??????? ??????? ?????? ??? ????? ? ?????? ??????? ???? ???????, ????????? ? ????? ?????????? ?????? ?????? ???? ??? ????? ??????? ??? ???? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ???????; ??????? ? ????????? ???? ?? ?????? ????????? ??? ???? ??? ??????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ??? ???????? ????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ???? ???? ??????? ???, ??? ???????? ???????? ????? ????????? ???? ?????? ?

??????? ???????? ????????????? ????????? ?????-?????? ????????? ? ???????????? , ?????? ???????? , ????????????? ? ????? , ??????-??????? ?????????? ? ????? , ?????-?????? ????? ??????? , ??????? ????????? ??????? , ?????? ????? ???? ??? ??????-?????? ?????????? ?

??????? ??????? ????? ????-????????? ????? ???? ?? ???????? ???????? ???? ??? ??????????? ????????? ????? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ??? ??????? ???? ???? ???????? ??????? ?? ????? ??????????? ???????? ??????? ???? ????? ?? ?????????? ?? ????????????? ?????? ???? ???? ????????? ?????????? ???????? ?????? ? ???????? ????? ??????? ???? ????????? ?????? ?????????? ??????? ???????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ????????? ??????? ???? ??????? ?????-????? ???? ??? ?? ???? ???????? ?????? ????

????? [ ???????? ]

????????? ????????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ????????? ? ??????? ??????? ??????-???? ???????? ??? ??????? ????????? ?? ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ? ?????? ??????? ????? ????????? ? ????????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ????????, ??? ???? ?????-??????? ??????? ???? ?????? ?????? ???????? ???? ????????? ?????? ????????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ??????? ?? ??? , ?????? , ???? ??? ??? ?

????????? ????????? [ ???????? ]

??????? ?????????? ???????? ????????? ?????? ???-????????? ???? ??? ????? ??????? (????? Paris ???? ) ????????? ??????? ? ??????? ???????????? ???? ????????? ??????? ??????????? ????? ????????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ???? ????? ???? ??? ??????? ?????? ???????????? ????????? ? ?????????? ???????? ??? ????? ???????? ?????? ???? ?????? ???? ????????? ???????? ???, ?????? ??? ????? ??? ? ???? ???? ???? ??? ??? ??????? ??? ?????????????? ??????? ???? ?????? ????

????????? ???????? ??? ????? ????? ??? ?????? (Lyon), ?? ????? ???? ? ???????????? ????????? ??????? ??? ????????? ???????? ??? ??? ??????? (Marseille), ???????????? ?????? ??????? ???? ???????? ???????????; ????? ? ?????????? ??????? ???????????? ???? ???? ? ????? ????? ???? ??? (Nantes) ????????? ????????? ???? ??????? ???? ???? ????? ????????? ? ????????????? ????? (Bordeaux) ???? ???? ??? ??????? ??????-?????? ????????? ?????? ????

???????? [ ???????? ]

??????? ??????? ??????? ????????????, ??? ? ????????? ????? ????? ??????? ???? ????????? ?????????? ???????? ??????, ?? ??????? ????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ??? ? ????????????? ??????? ???? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ????????? ?????? ????? ???????? ???? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?????

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???????? [ ???????? ]

????? ???????? ???????????; ????????, ???????, ????, ???????, ???????, ?????????, ????? ? ????????????? ???????? ? ??????? ????????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ????? ??????? ??????????? ?????????? ?????? ?????????????? ????? ????????? ? ????????? (??????) ??????? ??????? ?????? ????

??????? [ ???????? ]

????????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ????? ?????? ??? 1789 ???? ???????? ??????????? ????? ???? ???? ???? ???? ??? ??? ???????? ?????? ??????????? ???????? ??????

??????, ??????????? ??? ???????????? ?????? ????? ???????????? 19 ????? ???? ?????? ??? ?????, ??? 1871 ???? ???? ????????? ???? ?????? ???? ?????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ??????????? ???? ????????? ??????? ?? ????? ??????????? 1958 ???? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ???? ???????, ???? ???? ??????? ?? ????-???? ??????? ???-?????????? ???????? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ??????????? ???????? ????????? ??????? ????? ????????????? ?????????? ???????????? ??? ????? ??????? ???? ????????, ??? 2000 ???? ?? ?????? ???? ??? ????????

????? ????????????? ???? ??????? ???? ????????? ???????? ???? ????? ???? ??? ??????, ????? ????? 1968 ????? ????????? ??? ??????? ???? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ?? ????????????? ????? ?????????? ???????????? ???, ??? ?????-??????? ????????? ??? ?????? ??????????? ??? ???????? ???? ?????????? ???????? ???? ????? ????? ??????????? ??? ?? ?????? ????????????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????

????? ?????? ???? ???????? ?????? ???????-??? ??? ???????-??? ????? ??? ????????????? ????? ????????? ??????, ???????? ??? ??????? ??????? ?????????? ???? ??????

?????? ? ????????? ????????? ??????? ?????? ??????; 1789 ??? ???? ?????? ???????? ???????????? ????, ??????? ?????? ?????????? ?????? ?????????? ??????? ????? ????? ????? ????????????? ??????? ???????? ???, ?? 1958 ???? ?????? ???????? ??????? ???? ??????????? ??? ???? ??????? ???????? ??? ???? ???????? ??????????/??????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ????? ??????????? ???????? ???????? ????? ???? ?? ???????? ??????????? (Assemblee Nationale) ?? ???????? ?????? 577 ?? ????????? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ????? (Senat) ?? ???????????? ????????? ????? ???? ???????????? ???? ????????? ???? ?????? ????????? 348 ?? ?????? ??????? ????? ?????????? ????? ???????????? ???????? ??????, 1958 ??? ???? ??? ????? ????? ???? ???????? ?????????????? ??????? ???? ???? ??????? ??? ????? ?????? ????, ??? ???????? ??????????? ????? ????? ???? ???????? ?????????? ????? ????? ????????? ?????? ????????? ????????? ?????? ??? ?????????????, ?????? ??? ?????? ?????????????? ??? ???????? ???? ????????? ??????????? ???? ??????, ?????? ??????? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ??? ???? ????? ??????? ???: ?????? ?????? ????? ?? 18?? ????? (?????); 96 ????? (?????); ??? ?????? 35,000 ??????

????? ????? ???:

?????? ?????????? ??, ?? ????????? ????? ?????????? ??????????????? ?????? ???? (??????? ??????? ????, ?? ??????? ???? ???????? ??? ?? ??????? ???) ???? ????? ???? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ??? ??????? ????? ??? ???????? ??????? ??? ????? ??????? ????? ????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??????????? ??????? ?????????

????? ?????? ???????? ???? ??????????? ??????? ???????????? ??? ???????? ???????, ???????? ??????? ??? ??????? ???????? ???, ????? ??? ???? ?? ?????????? ???????? ?????????????? ????? ???? ??????????????? ??????? ?????? ?? ???? ????????????? ??????? ??? ?????? ??????

????????????? ???? ????? ?????????? ???? ??????????????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ???????? ????? ??????? ????? ???????? ???? ????? ???????? ????? ????? ????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ???? ??? ??????? ??? ??????? ??????? ???? ??????????? ? ??????? ??????? ????

??????? ??????? [ ???????? ]

?????? ????? ???????? ????? ????????? ??????? ?? ????? ????????? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ??? ????, ?? ???????? ????? ????? ??? ?????? ??????? ^[??]

???????? [ ???????? ]

????????? ??? ???? ???????? ????? ???? ???? ??????? ?????? ????? ??? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ? ??????? ???? ??????? ???????? ? ?????????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ???????????? ???; ??? ???? ?????????, ?????? , ???? ? ???????? ?????????? ????? ? ???? ?????? ??????? ???? ??????? ???? ??????? ??? ????? ??????? ????? ????? ???; ????? ???????, ????????? ??????????, ? ????????? ?????? ?????? ??? ???? ??? ????????? ????????? ???????? ????? ???? ????????, ??????? ? ????? ???????, ????????????? ? ?????? ????? ?????????? ?????? ? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ?????? ??????? ????? ?????? ???????? ????????? ?????? ?? ????? ^[??] ??? ?????? ??????? ????? ???? ???? ???? ???? ??? ???????? ???????

????????? ????????? ??????:

??????? ???? ??????? ???????????? ?????-??????? ????????? ???? ???? ?????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ???? ???????? 3.4 ????????? ??????? ?????? ???? ????????? ????????? (??????) ??????, ?? ????? ??????? ???? ????????? ???? ?? ???????? US$50,541-? ??? ???? ???????? ???? ??? ?? 32.4, ?? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????? 79%, ??? ??????? ?????????, ??????? 2020 (???????? ????? ????????? ???????? ????????????) ?????? ??????? ??????? ???? ???????????? ??? ?????? ??????? ???????

??????, COVID-19 ??????? 2020 ???? ????? ?????????? ?????? ???????, ?????? 8.3% ?????? ??? ?????, ?????????? ???????????? ?????? ?? ??? 2021 ???? 5.8% ?????????? ????? ???????? ?????????? ??? ??? ??? ?????? ??? ?????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ???? ??????????? ??????? ??????, ?? ????? ???? ???????? ???????? ????????? ?????? ??? ???????? 8.1% ? ????????????

?????? [ ???????? ]

??????? ??????? ??????? ????????? ???????????? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ? ???????? ????????? ????????? ?????????? ???????? ???? ????? ???? ???? ???? ??? ??????-?????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??,??? ?????????????????? ??? ?????? ??? ???? ???????????? ?? ??? ???? ???????? ? ???????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ???? ? ????? ????? ???? ???? ???? ??????????? ??????? ????? ???????? ?? (Gaul) ???? ?????? ???? ??????? ??????? ???????????? ?? ???? ????????? ??? ???? ??? ?????????? ?? ???? ????? ??????????? ??? ?????? ?? ??????? ??????? ???? ????

????? ????? ?? ???????? ?????? ????????????? ??????? ???? ???? ???????? ??????????? ?????? ???? ??? ??? ???????? ??????????? ??????????? ?????? ???? ??? ??? ???? ??? ??? ??????? ???? ??????????? ?????? ???? ???? ?????? ????; ????? ????????? ?????? ? ????? ????????? ???? ???? ???? ?????????? ?????????? ? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ??????? ??????????? ??? ??? ??? ?? ?? ??? ??? ??? ??????? ???????? ??????????? ???????? ???? ? ???????? ????????? ??????????? (???????? ????? ??????? ???????? ????????? ) ?? ???????? ??????? ???? ???? ????????? ??????? ?????? ???????????? ????

??? ???? ? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ? ?????? ??????? ?????? ????? ????? ??????? ?????????? ??????? ??????????? ?????????????? ???? ????????? ???? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ???????????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ??? ??? ?? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????????? ???? ??? ???????????? ???? ???????? ????? ??????? ??? ???? ???? ????????? ?????? (Vichy) ???? ???????? ????? ??? ??? ???? ??? ???????????? ?? ??????? ??? ????????? ?????????? ???? ???? ???? ??? ??????? ???? ?????? ???????????? ?????? ???????? ???? ??????????-??????? ????? ????????? ????????????? ??????????????? ??????? ???? ??? ??? ?? ??? ??????? ?????? ??? ????? ??? ??????? ???????

???? ???? ??????????? ??????????? ??????? ????????? ?????????? ???? ???? ???????? ????? ????? ????? ??? ???????????? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ??? ??? -?? (Charles de Gaulle) ????????? ?????? ??? ???? ??? ??? ????? ???????? ?????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????? ????????? ????? ?????????????? ??????? ????????? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ??????? ???????? ? ???????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ???? ??????

??????? [ ???????? ]

????? ??? ??? ?????????? ?? ????? ????? ??????????? ??????????? ??? ??????? ?????? ??????? ???????????

????? ??????? [ ???????? ]

??? ???-????? , ????-????????? ( Mont Saint-Michel, Manche , Normandie )
??????? ??????? , ??????? (Chateau de Montsoreau)
????? ???????
???? ??? ????
???? ??? ????????????? ??? ?????????
??????? ??? ??? ????
?????? ????-?? ????????
??????? ??????
????? ?? ?? ????????
???? ??????????
????? ?? ????? , ??????????? ???????
??????? , ???????
???????-??? ??? ???? ???????????
???????-??? ??? ?? ????? ??????, ???????
???????-??? ?? ???????
??? ?? ???
??????-??-??????
???????
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??? ?? ???
????? ?????????? -? ????-???? ?????
?????????
????????? (????)
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???????? ? ?? ???????
???????-??? ?? ?????????? , ??????
???????? ???-??????-?-??????
?? ?? ????? , ???????

????????? [ ???????? ]

↑ "A French Islam is possible" (??????) ? Institut Montaigne? ????? ?? ?????????? ???? ?????? ??? (??????) ???? ??????? ???? p. 13
↑ "Demographic Yearbook ? Table 3: Population by sex, rate of population increase, surface area and density" (PDF) ? United Nations Statistics Division? ???? ? ???????? ????? ? ?????????? ???? ? http://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/dyb/dyb2012.htm
↑ "France Metropolitaine" ? INSEE? ????? ?? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ????
↑ "Demography - Population at the beginning of the month" ? www.insee.fr ?
↑ [?]
↑ ^? ^? ^? ^? http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2017/02/weodata/weorept.aspx?pr.x=60&pr.y=12&sy=2015&ey=2022&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=132&s=NGDP_RPCH%2CNGDPD%2CPPPGDP&grp=0&a= ? |???????= ????????? ?? ???? ( ??????? )
↑ "CIA World Factbook" ? CIA? ?? ??? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ??? ? ???????? ????? ?? ???????? ???? ?
↑ "2016 Human Development Report" (??????) ? United Nations Development Programme? ???? ? ???????? ????? ?? ????? ???? ?
↑ ??????? ??????: <ref> ????? ??? ???; ec.europa.eu ????? ???????? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ??? ?????
↑ "Passport Power" ?
↑ "Number of companies in France" ?

??? ????? [ ???????? ]

????????? [ ???????? ]

??????

Official site of the French public service ? Links to various administrations and institutions
Frenchculturenow.com: French society, culture, politics news ^{[
??????????? ???????? ?????
]}
Official site of the French Embassy in the United Kingdom
Chief of State and Cabinet Members

?????? ????

France , from the BBC
France , from the Encyclopædia Britannica
????? ?????? ??? ????????? ?????????? -? France -?? ??????
France at UCB Libraries GovPubs
???????? ??????? (??????)
??????????? ????????? France

OECD France statistics

????????

Cocorico! French culture
Contemporary French Civilization ????????? ?????? ?????????? ? ????? ???? ??????, journal, University of Illinois.

?? ???????? ????????? ? ???? ????? ????? ??????????? ??? ????????????? ??????? ???? ??????

??????? ??????: "upper-roman" ???? ??????? ???? <ref> ????? ??????, ?????? ?? ???? ??? ??????????? <references group="upper-roman"/> ????? ?????? ??????

[2016Montaigne-IFOP-1] "A French Islam is possible" (??????) ? Institut Montaigne? ????? ?? ?????????? ???? ?????? ??? (??????) ???? ??????? ???? p. 13

[unstats08-5] "Demographic Yearbook ? Table 3: Population by sex, rate of population increase, surface area and density" (PDF) ? United Nations Statistics Division? ???? ? ???????? ????? ? ?????????? ???? ? http://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/dyb/dyb2012.htm

[8] "France Metropolitaine" ? INSEE? ????? ?? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ????

[9] "Demography - Population at the beginning of the month" ? www.insee.fr ?

[10] [?]

[imfFrance-11] ? ^? ^? ^? http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2017/02/weodata/weorept.aspx?pr.x=60&pr.y=12&sy=2015&ey=2022&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=132&s=NGDP_RPCH%2CNGDPD%2CPPPGDP&grp=0&a= ? |???????= ????????? ?? ???? ( ??????? )

[CIA-12] "CIA World Factbook" ? CIA? ?? ??? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ??? ? ???????? ????? ?? ???????? ???? ?

[HDI-13] "2016 Human Development Report" (??????) ? United Nations Development Programme? ???? ? ???????? ????? ?? ????? ???? ?

[ec.europa.eu-20] ??????? ??????: <ref> ????? ??? ???; ec.europa.eu ????? ???????? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ??? ?????

[21] "Passport Power" ?

[22] "Number of companies in France" ?

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