??????? ????????? ????????

??????? ????????? ??????? (???????? ????) ??? ?????????? (??????? ????) ?????? ??????, Eckert VI projection; ??? ??????? (??????, 1.8MB)

??????? ????????? ???????? ???? Geographic Co-ordinate System ???????? GCS ?? ????? ????????? ????? ???????? ??????? ????? ??????? ??????? ??????????? ???? ???? ????????? ?? ????????? ??? ??????? ????? ??????? ???? ????? ????????? ????? ????????? ????????? ????? ?????? ????? ???????, ?????????? ??? ??????????? ???? ?????? ?? ???????

?????? [ ???????? ]

??????? ????????? ???????? ????????? ??????? ???????? ??????? '???????????' ??, ???? ???????????? ??? ????????? ???????????????? ??????????? '?????????' ???? ???? ????? ^[?] ?? ??????? ???, ???????? ??????? '????????' ??? ??????? ???????? ?????????? ?????? ???? ??????? ???????? ???? ??? ????????????? ???? ?????? ?????????? ???????? ??? ?? ???????? ?????? ???? ?????

?? ?? ??? ?????????, ???????? ??????? '???????' ???? ?????? ?????????? ??? ?????? ?????????? ???? ?????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ?? ??? ?????? ??? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ????? ????????, ?? ??????????? ???? ??? ? ????? '????????? ????? ???????? ????? ????????? ?????????????' ??????? ???????? ???????? ?????????? ??? ??????? ???? ???????? ???? ????????? ??????? ???? ????? ?????????? ???? ??????? ?????? ???? ? ^[?]

?? ????????? ?????? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ??, ??-?????????? '??? ?? ??? ?????????? ?? ??? ????' ? ???????????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ??? ?????? ??? ?????? ????, ??? ??? ?????????? ???? ???????? ?????? ?????? ??° ?????? '?????? ??????????' ???? ??????? ???? ? ???????? ?????? ???? '??????????? ??????????' ???????????? ?? ?????? ??????? ???????????? ??????? ???? ???? ???? ????? ???? ???????? ??'?????????? ?????????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????

???? ????, ??????? ????????????, ??????????? ?????????? ????????? ?????? ???, ?????? ??????? ????? ??????????? ???????? ???? ????? ????? ???? ?? ??????????? ?????????? ??????? ??????????? ???????????? ?????-????????? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ???? ????????? ????????, ?????????? ???????? ??? ????, ??????? ??? ??????? ???? ????? ^[?]

????? ? ???????? ??????: ??????? ??? ?????????? [ ???????? ]

??????? ??????????? ??????, ?? ??? ????? ???????? ???????? ????? ????????? ??????, ??????? ????? ????? ??? ???????? (???°) ???????

??????? (latitude) ????? ????????? ??????????, ??? ????? ???????? ???? ????????? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ??? ??? ??????? ??? ??????? ??????? ??? ???????? ??? ??? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ????????? ???? ??????? ???? ????? ??? ???????? ??????? ?????? ???? ?????????? ??????? ?? ?????? ?? ???????? ??????????? ??? ???? ??????? ????? ????????? ?????? ????? ?? ??????: ????? ???? ??° ?; ?????? ???? ??° ?? ?° ????????? ????????? ????? ???? ??? ???? ?? ??????? ???????? ????? ? ?????? ???????? ?????? ?????
?????????? (longitude) ????????? ????????? ???????? ?????? ?? ???????, ????????? ??? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ??????? ??? ?????? (?? ????? ? ?????? ?????? ??? ?????) ???? ?? ??? ?????? ??? ??? ??????? ??? ???????????? ????? ???????? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ??? ?????????? ?? ??-???? ????? ??????? ??-???? ???? ???? ????????? ?????? ??? ???? ????????? ???? ???????????? ??????? ???? ????? ? ?????? ?????? ????? ???? ???????????? ?? ??-???? ?????? ????? ??????????, ???????? ( ???????????? ??????? ????) ?? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ?????-?????????? ?? ????????? ??-???? ???? ??? ????

?? ???? ????? ??????? ????????? ????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ??? ??????

???????????? ????? ??????? ??°??′?″ ????? ??? ?????????? ??°??′??″ ????? ( ??°??′?″ ????? ??°??′??″ ????? / ??.?????° ????? ??.?????° ????? / 23.70000; 90.37500 )? ?????? ??????? ??????? ???? ?????????? ??°??′?″ ?????? ? ???????? ???? ??°??′??″ ?????? ?????? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ??? ????? ?????

??????? ???????? ?????? (?? ??????? ?? ????? ?????, ????? ′ ???? "m") ??? ???????? (?? ??????? ?? ????? ?????, ????? ″ ???? "s") ??? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ?????? ???????? ??????? ???? ??????:

DMS ??????:?????:??????? (49°30'00"-123d30m00s)
DM ??????:????? (49°30.0'-123d30.0m)
DD ????? ?????? (49.5000°-123.5000d), ??????? ??????? ?? ? ?? ????????

DM ???? DMS ???? DD ?? ????? ???? ??????? ???? ???, ????? ?????? = ??????? ??????????? + ??????? ?? ????? ??? ??? ??????? ????? + ????????? ???? ????? ??? ??? ??????? ?????? DMS ??????? ???? ??????? ??? ??? ????????, ??????? ??????? ??????? ?? ?????? ????????? ??? ???? ?????

??????? ? ?????????? ??????? ????????? ????????? ???? ??????? ??? ????? ???? ????? ????????? ????????? ?????? ????? WGS 84 ?? ??? ?????? ???????????? ??????? ?????? ??? ??????, ??????? ????????? ????????? ???? ??? ??????? ??????? ? ???????????? ??? ????? ??? ?????

????????? [ ???????? ]

↑ McPhail, Cameron (2011), Reconstructing Eratosthenes' Map of the World (PDF), Dunedin: University of Otago, pp. 20?24, archived (PDF) from the original on 2 April 2015, retrieved 14 March 2015.
↑ Evans, James (1998), The History and Practice of Ancient Astronomy, Oxford, England: Oxford University Press, pp. 102?103, ISBN 9780199874453 , archived from the original on 17 March 2023, retrieved 5 May 2020.
↑ Greenwich 2000 Limited (9 June 2011). "The International Meridian Conference". Wwp.millennium-dome.com. Archived from the original on 6 August 2012. Retrieved 31 October 2012

Portions of this article are from Jason Harris' "Astroinfo" which is distributed with KStars , a desktop planetarium for Linux / KDE . See [?] ????????? ?????? ?????????? ?? ?? ???? ??????

????????? [ ???????? ]

[1] McPhail, Cameron (2011), Reconstructing Eratosthenes' Map of the World (PDF), Dunedin: University of Otago, pp. 20?24, archived (PDF) from the original on 2 April 2015, retrieved 14 March 2015.

[2] Evans, James (1998), The History and Practice of Ancient Astronomy, Oxford, England: Oxford University Press, pp. 102?103, ISBN 9780199874453 , archived from the original on 17 March 2023, retrieved 5 May 2020.

[3] Greenwich 2000 Limited (9 June 2011). "The International Meridian Conference". Wwp.millennium-dome.com. Archived from the original on 6 August 2012. Retrieved 31 October 2012

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