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?????? ( ?????? : 津波 , "???????? ???"; ^[1], ???????? : Tsunami , ???????? ???????: / t s uː ? n ?ː m i / ^[2]) ????? ?? ??????? ?? ????? ??? ?? ??? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ??? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ?? ????? ??? ??? ?? ???? ??? ???? ????? ??? ?? ???? ^[3] ????? , ?????????? ???????, ?? ???? ???? ????? ?? ??????? (??? ??? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ??????? ?? ????? ??), ???????, ???????? ????, ?? ????? ???? ?? ???? ?? ???? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ??? ?? ???? ?? ???????? ??, ?????? ???? ?? ???????? ?? ???? ?? ??? ??? ^[4] ???? ?? ????? ????? ?? ??? ??????? ??? ?? ??? ???? ??? ??? ?? ???? ????? ?? ??? ?????-???? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ?? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ????

?????? ??? ?? ?? ??????? ???? ?? ??? ???? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ??????? ???? ??? ????? ^[5] ??? ???? ???? ??? ?? ??? ??? ????? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ???? ????? ???? ?? ????? ??? ??? ?? ???? ???? ?? ?????-???? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ?? ?? ??? ?? ?? ???? ???? ?? ??? ?? ?? ??? ?? ?? ??? ??? ??? ? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ????????? ??? ???? ?? ?? ?? ??? ???? ?? ?? ?? ?? ??? ??? ^[6] ??? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ???? ???? ????? ???? ?? 10 ???? ?? ??? ??? ???? ?? ???? ???? ?? ??? ??? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ????? ????? ?? ??????? ?? ??? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ??? ???? ??, ???? ?? ????????? ??? ???? ????? ? ????? ?? ?? ??? ?? ???? ???????? ????? ???? ?? ??????? ?? ??? ??? ??? 2004 ??? ???? ??????? ??? ??? ?????? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ???-???? ??? ?? ?? ??? ??? ?? ???? ???? ??????? ?? ?????? ????? 14 ?? ???? ?? ?? ?? ?? 2,30,000 ??? ???? ?? ?????? ????

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↑ "Tsunami Terminology" . NOAA. Archived from the original on 2011-02-25 . Retrieved 2010-07-15 .
↑ Wells, John C. (1990). Longman pronunciation dictionary . Harlow, England: Longman. p. 736. ISBN 0-582-05383-8 . Entry: "tsunami"
↑ "Deep Ocean Tsunami Waves off the Sri Lankan Coast" . Retrieved 3 ????? 2016 .
↑ Barbara Ferreira (17 ?????? 2011). "When icebergs capsize, tsunamis may ensue" . ????. Archived from the original on 2018-12-25 . Retrieved 27 ?????? 2011 . {{ cite web }}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= ( help )
↑ "NASA Finds Japan Tsunami Waves Merged, Doubling Power" . Retrieved 3 November 2016 .
↑ Fradin, Judith Bloom and Dennis Brindell (2008). Witness to Disaster: Tsunamis . Witness to Disaster. Washington, D.C.: National Geographic Society . pp. 42, 43.

[1] "Tsunami Terminology" . NOAA. Archived from the original on 2011-02-25 . Retrieved 2010-07-15 .

[2] Wells, John C. (1990). Longman pronunciation dictionary . Harlow, England: Longman. p. 736. ISBN 0-582-05383-8 . Entry: "tsunami"

[3] "Deep Ocean Tsunami Waves off the Sri Lankan Coast" . Retrieved 3 ????? 2016 .

[4] Barbara Ferreira (17 ?????? 2011). "When icebergs capsize, tsunamis may ensue" . ????. Archived from the original on 2018-12-25 . Retrieved 27 ?????? 2011 . {{ cite web }}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= ( help )

[5] "NASA Finds Japan Tsunami Waves Merged, Doubling Power" . Retrieved 3 November 2016 .

[Fradin_2008-6] Fradin, Judith Bloom and Dennis Brindell (2008). Witness to Disaster: Tsunamis . Witness to Disaster. Washington, D.C.: National Geographic Society . pp. 42, 43.

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