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????????? [ ???????? ]

????????? [ ???????? ]

???????? [ ???????? ]

• Lewis, Martin W.; Wigen, Karen (1997). The myth of continents: a critique of metageography . Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press. ISBN   978-0520207431 . {{ cite book }} : Invalid |ref=harv ( ???? )
• Ventris, Michael; Chadwick, John (1973). Documents in Mycenaean Greek (2nd ed.). Cambridge: University Press. {{ cite book }} : Invalid |ref=harv ( ???? )

??? ???? [ ???????? ]

• Higham, Charles. Encyclopedia of Ancient Asian Civilizations . Facts on File library of world history. New York: Facts On File, 2004.
• Kamal, Niraj. "Arise Asia: Respond to White Peril". New Delhi: Wordsmith, 2002, ???????????   978-8187412083
• Kapadia, Feroz, and Mandira Mukherjee. Encyclopaedia of Asian Culture and Society. New Delhi: Anmol Publications, 1999.
• Levinson, David, and Karen Christensen. Encyclopedia of Modern Asia . New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 2002.

?????? ?????? [ ???????? ]

• Display Maps . The Soil Maps of Asia . European Digital Archive of Soil Maps ? EuDASM. ????????? ???? ???????? on 12 August 2011. ???????????26 July 2011.
• Asia Maps . Perry-Castaneda Library Map Collection . University of Texas Libraries. ????????? ???? ???????? on 18 July 2011. ???????????20 July 2011.
• Asia . Norman B. Leventhal Map Center at the Boston Public Library. ????????? ???? ???????? on 29 September 2011. ???????????26 July 2011.
• Bowring, Philip (12 February 1987). "What is Asia?" . Eastern Economic Review . 135 (7). 2011-07-28-?? ???????? -?? ?????????????????? . 2018-12-17 -?? ???????? . {{ cite journal }} : |archive-date= / |archive-url= ??? ????????? ????????????? ( ???? )