????? ????????

????? ????????
	????? ???????? ?? ?????? (??????)? 29 ?????? 2005
??????? ?????
???????	8 ?????? 1954 (????? 69 ???) ; ??????? ? ???????
???????	???????
??? ??	??????? ??????? ????? ? ??????????? ????????? ?????? ???????
?????? ???????
??????	1981-??????
??????? ????	????? ??? (1978) ; ????? ???? ??????? (1980)
??????	?????
??????	?????????? ? ??????????
????? ?????	????? ?????? , ?? ????? ????
???????
	??????? ????? ‏ (2019) ; ???? ??? (2018) ; ????? ???? ?? ????? (2017) ; ????? ??????? ‏ (2013) ; ????? ?????? ??????? ?? ???? ???? (1998) ; ????? ???????????? ?????????? ?? ???? ???? (1995) ; ????? ???? (?? ???: ????? ?????? ) (1989) ; ????? ??????? ??????? ????? (1989) ; ????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ‏ ; ???? ????? ???????
???????
IMDB	????? ??? IMDB
	????? ?????
	????? ????? - ?????

???? ???????? ( ??????????? Kazuo Ishiguro ) (??? ?? 8 ?????? 1954) ????? ?????? ??????? . ??? ?? ??????? ???????? ??????? ????? ????? ?? ??????? ??? 1960. ???????? ??? ??? ???? ???????? ?? ????? ??? ??? 1978 ?????????? ?? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ??????? ????????? ??? 1980. ???? ?????? ???????? ??? 1982. ??? ???????? ???? ????? ????? ????????? ?? ?????? ??????? ??????????? ???? ??? ????? ??????? ? ????? ???? ??????? ?????? ??? 1989 ?? ?????? ????? ?????? . ??? ??? 2008? ???? ????? ??????? ???????? ?????? 32 ?? ??????? ????? 50 ???? ??????? ??? ??? 1945. ?? ??? 2017 ?? ???? ????? ???? ????? ????? ???? ???????: ??? ?????? ???????? ?????? ?? ????? 62 ?????? ??? ?? ??????? ???????? ???????? ?? ??????? ??????? ??? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?? ??????. ?????? ?????? ????????? ??????? ≪????? ??????≫? ???? ????? ?? ?? ??? ????? ??????? ???? ?? ????? ≪?????? ??????≫ ?≪???? ??????≫. . ??? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ≪ ??????? ??????? ≫.

????? ????? ?? ????? ?????? [ ??? ]

??? ??????? ?? ??????? ?? 8 ?????? 1954? ??? ??? ???? ???????? ?????? ??????. ??? 1960 ?????? ????? ??? ???? ????? ??? ??????? ????? ??? ???? ????? ?? ??????? ?? ????? ???????. ???? ?????? ?????? ?????????? ?? ????? ????? ??????? ????? ?? ????? . ??? ???????? ?? ??????? ??? ?????? ?? ?????? ????? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ??????? ?????????. ??? 1974 ??? ??????? ?? ????? ??? ? ???????? ????? ??? 1978 ??? ?????? ??? ???????? ?? ????? ?????????? ????????. ??? ???? ??? ?? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ??? ??? ???? ????????? ?? ?????? ?? ??????? ????????? ??? 1980. ???? ??? ??????? ?????????? ??? 1982.

??????? ??????? [ ??? ]

??? ?? ?????? ??? ?? ??????. ????? ?????? ≪ ?? ????? ???? ≫ ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ???????? ??? ??????? ???? ?? ?????????? ??????????. ?????? ??????? ≪ ?? ?? ???? ??? ≫ ???? ??????? ?? ????? ?? ???? ?????. ?≪ ????? ?????? ≫ ???? ?? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ??????? ?? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ??????? .

≪ ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ≫ ?? ????? ??????? ???? ???? ????? ??????? ??? ??????? ??????? ??? 1945. ??????? ???? ??? ??????? ?? ???? ?? ????? ???????? ???????. ??? ???? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ??? ?? ??????? ????????? ???????? ????? ??? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????.

??????? ???? ?? ???? ??????? ????? ?????? ?? ????. ?????? ???????? ???? ???????? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ???? ?????. ??????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ??????.

????? ????? ????? ???????? ??? ?? ??????. ???????? ???? ??????? ??????? ???? ?? ?????? ???? ??? ??. ??????? ????? ????? ???????? ????? ?? ??????? ??????. ????? ??????? ?????? ???? ????? ???????? ?? ??? ??????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????.

??????? [ ??? ]

??? ???????? ??? ????? ??????? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ????????? ??? 1983 ???? 1993.
??? ??? ????? ???????? ??? 1986 ?? ?????? ??????? ≪ ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ≫.
??? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????? ≪ ????? ?????? ≫ ??? 1989.
???? ??????? ?????? ≪ ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ≫ ?≪????? ??? ?????≫.
???? ?????? ≪ ?? ????? ???? ≫ ?????? ????.
????? ???? ?? ????? 2017.

?????? [ ??? ]

????????

( ?????? ????? ??? ?????? ): ?? ??????? ?????? ?? ????? ??? 1982?.
???? ?? ?????? ?????? - 1986: ?????? ??? ??????? ??????? ??? ????? (???? ?? ?????? ??????). ^[4]
( ????? ?????? ) ???? ??? 1989: ?????? ??? ??????? ???? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??? ????? (????? ?????). ^[5]
( ?? ?? ???? ??? ) - 1995: ????? ?????? ??? ??????? ???? ??????? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ???????. ^[6]
( ????? ??? ????? ) - 2000: ?????? ??? ??????? ???? ??????? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ???????. ^[7]
?? ????? ???? ???? - 2005.
??????? ??????? - 2015.

????? ???????

???? ??? ????? ?? 7 ??? ????? ???: ≪???? ??????? ????≫? ≪?????? ? ??≫ ≪??????≫
???? ????? - ??? ????? ???? ??? ??? ??? 1982
???? ??? ??????
?????? ????? : ??? ??? ?? ???????? ?????? 2009

??????? [ ??? ]

^ https://www.oxfordmail.co.uk/news/17557335.oxford-literary-festival-brings-out-the-stars/ . ???? ???? ?????? 2019-04-23 . {{ ??????? ??? }}: |url= ????? ?????? ( ?????? ) ? ?????? |title= ??? ????? ?? ???? (?? ???? ??????) ( ?????? )
^ "Nobel Prize in Literature 2017" (???????????) . Retrieved 2017-10-05 .
^ https://thebookerprizes.com/fiction/backlist/1989 . {{ ??????? ??? }}: |url= ????? ?????? ( ?????? ) ? ?????? |title= ??? ????? ?? ???? (?? ???? ??????) ( ?????? )
^ "????? ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ? ???? ????????" . ???? 8 ??? | ????? ???? ????? . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2017-12-20 . ???? ???? ?????? 2017-10-06 .
^ ????? ????? . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2017-10-06.
^ ?? ?? ???? ??? . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2017-10-06.
^ "????? ??? ?????" . nct.gov.eg . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2018-09-05 . ???? ???? ?????? 2017-10-06 .

????? ?????? [ ??? ]

????? ???????? ??? ???? IMDb (??????????)
????? ???????? ??? ???? Encyclopædia Britannica Online (??????????)
????? ???????? ??? ???? Munzinger IBA (?????????)
????? ???????? ??? ???? MusicBrainz (??????????)
????? ???????? ??? ???? AllMovie (??????????)
????? ???????? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ??????? ???????? (????????)
????? ???????? ??? ???? NNDB people (??????????)
????? ???????? ??? ???? Discogs (??????????)
????? ???????? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? (??????????)

?? ????? ??? ?????? ??: ????? ????????

[wikidata-784711391ab1105018dc5d3e29fa00719a8697d9-1] ttps://www.oxfordmail.co.uk/news/17557335.oxford-literary-festival-brings-out-the-stars/ . ???? ???? ?????? 2019-04-23 . {{ ??????? ??? }}: |url= ????? ?????? ( ?????? ) ? ?????? |title= ??? ????? ?? ???? (?? ???? ??????) ( ?????? )

[wikidata-3583f0f1de292ea5f01bdf1c59b860e49308a38c-2] "Nobel Prize in Literature 2017" (???????????) . Retrieved 2017-10-05 .

[wikidata-ae8fb2bccec85adfa4ec369b68d5a80424308d2a-3] ttps://thebookerprizes.com/fiction/backlist/1989 . {{ ??????? ??? }}: |url= ????? ?????? ( ?????? ) ? ?????? |title= ??? ????? ?? ???? (?? ???? ??????) ( ?????? )

[4] "????? ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ? ???? ????????" . ???? 8 ??? | ????? ???? ????? . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2017-12-20 . ???? ???? ?????? 2017-10-06 .

[5] ????? ????? . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2017-10-06.

[6] ?? ?? ???? ??? . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2017-10-06.

[7] "????? ??? ?????" . nct.gov.eg . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2018-09-05 . ???? ???? ?????? 2017-10-06 .

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

? ? ? ????? ????? ????????
??????	?????? ????? ??? ?????? (1982) ???? ?? ?????? ?????? (1986) ????? ?????? (1989) ?? ?? ???? ??? (1995) ????? ??? ????? (2000) ?? ????? ???? ???? (2005) ??????? ??????? (2015)
??????? ??? ?????	?????? ????? (2009)
??????????	???? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? (2003) ????????? ??????? (2005)
????? ?? ???????	????? ?????? (1993) ?? ????? ???? ???? (2010)

? ? ? ???????? ?????? ???? ??? 2017
????????	??? ??????? (?????) ?????? ????? (???????) ??????? ??????? (??????? ???????)
?????	????? ???????? (??????? ???????)
??????	?????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??????? (????????)
????????	????? ???? (???????? ???????) ???? ????? (???????? ???????) ??? ???? (???????? ???????)
???? ?? ??? ????? ???????	????? ??? (???????? ???????) ????? ?????? (???????? ???????) ????? ???? (???????? ???????)
?????? ??????????	??????? ???? (???????? ???????)
???????? ?????? ???? 1990 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 2000 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23

? ? ? ???????? ??? ????? ???? ???????
??????? ??????? ?????? ???? The Best of the Booker The Golden Man Booker ????? ???? ???????
1969?79	1969: ????? ????? ????? ( ??? ??????? ??? ) 1970: ????? ????? ( ????? ??????? ) 1970 Lost Prize ^{[???? ????]}‏: ?? ?? ????? ( ????? ) 1971: ??????? ??????????? ????? ( ?? ???? ??? ) 1972: ??? ???? ( ?? ) 1973: ?? ?? ????? ( ???? ????????? ) 1974: ????? ???????? ( ??????? ) and ?????? ??????? ( ???? ) 1975: Ruth Prawer Jhabvala ( Heat and Dust ) 1976: ????? ????? ( ????? ) 1977: ???? ???? ( Staying On ) 1978: ????? ????? ( ?????? ????? ) 1979: ??????? ?????????? ( Offshore )
1980s	1980: ?????? ?????? ( Rites of Passage ^{[???? ????]}‏) 1981: ????? ???? ( ????? ????? ????? ) 1982: ????? ?????? ( ??? ????? ) 1983: ?? ?? ????? ( ???? ???? ????? ?? ) 1984: ????? ?????? ( ???? ??????? ) 1985: ???? ???? ( ??? ????? ^{[???? ????]}‏) 1986: ??????? ???? ( ???????? ?????? ) 1987: ??????? ????? ( ??? ????? ) 1988: ???? ???? ( ?????? ???????? ) 1989: ????? ???????? ( ????? ?????? )
1990s	1990: ??????? ????? ???? ( ?????? ^{[???? ????]}‏) 1991: ??? ????? ^{[???? ????]}‏ ( The Famished Road ) 1992: Michael Ondaatje ( ?????? ????????? ) and ???? ?????? ( Sacred Hunger ) 1993: ???? ???? ( Paddy Clarke Ha Ha Ha ) 1994: ???? ?????? ( ?? ???? ????? ) 1995: ??? ????? ( ???? ????? ) 1996: ?????? ????? ( ??????? ??????? ) 1997: ???????? ??? ( ??? ??????? ??????? ) 1998: ???? ??? ????? ( ???????? ) 1999: ?? ?? ????? ( ????? )
2000s	2000: ??????? ????? ( ?????? ?????? ) 2001: ???? ???? ( ????? ????? ???? ) 2002: ??? ????? ( ???? ??? ) 2003: ???? ?????? ^{[???? ????]}‏ ( ?????? ??? ???? ^{[???? ????]}‏) 2004: Alan Hollinghurst ( The Line of Beauty ) 2005: ??? ?????? ( ????? ) 2006 : ????? ????? ( The Inheritance of Loss ) 2007 : ?? ?????? ( The Gathering ^{[???? ????]}‏) 2008 : ??????? ????? ( The White Tiger ^{[???? ????]}‏) 2009 : ?????? ????? ( ??? ?????? )
2010s	2010 : ????? ???????? ( The Finkler Question ) 2011 : ?????? ????? ( ??????? ???????? ) 2012 : ?????? ????? ( ?????? ????? ) 2013 : ??????? ????? ( The Luminaries ) 2014 : ??????? ???????? ( ?????? ????? ???? ?????? ) 2015 : ?????? ???? ( A Brief History of Seven Killings ) 2016 : ??? ???? ( The Sellout ^{[???? ????]}‏) 2017 : ???? ?????? ( Lincoln in the Bardo ) ????? ?????? : ??? ????? ( Milkman ) ????? ?????? : ??????? ????? ( ??????? ) and ???????? ????????? ( ????? ?????? ???? )
2020s	2020 : ?????? ??????? ( ???? ???? ) 2021 : ????? ?????? ( The Promise ^{[???? ????]}‏) 2022 : ????? ???????????? ( The Seven Moons of Maali Almeida ) 2023 : ??? ???? ( ????? ????? )

? ? ? ????? ???????? ??? ????? ???? ?? ?????
1901?1925	???? ???? ?????? (1901) ?????? ????? (1902) ???????????? ???????? (1903) ?????? ??????? / ????? ????????? (1904) ????? ????????? ( 1905 ) ?????? ???????? (1906) ??????? ?????? (1907) ????? ???? ( 1908 ) ???? ??????? (1909) ??? ??? ???? (1910) ????? ???????? (1911) ?????? ???????? (1912) ?????????? ????? (1913) ????? ????? (1915) ???? ??? ????????? (1916) ???? ??????? / ????? ?????????? (1917) ???? ?????? (1919) ???? ????? (1920) ?????? ????? (1921) ??????? ????????? (1922) ?????? ???? ???? (1923) ????????? ?????? (1924) ???? ?????? ?? (1925)
1926?1950	??????? ?????? (1926) ???? ?????? (1927) ?????? ?????? (1928) ????? ??? (1929) ?????? ???? (1930) ???? ???? ??????? (1931) ??? ??????? (1932) ????? ????? (1933) ????? ????????? (1934) ????? ????? (1936) ???? ?????? ?? ??? (1937) ???? ??? (1938) ????? ????? ??????? (1939) ?????? ????? ???? (1944) ???????? ??????? (1945) ????? ???? (1946) ?????? ??? (1947) ?. ?. ????? (1948) ?????? ????? (1949) ???????? ???? (1950)
1951?1975	??? ????????? (1951) ?????? ?????? (1952) ?????? ????? (1953) ????? ??????? ( 1954 ) ?????? ?????? (1955) ???? ????? ??????? (1956) ????? ???? (1957) ????? ???????? (1958) ????????? ????????? (1959) ??? ??? ???? (1960) ???? ??????? (1961) ??? ???????? (1962) ???????? ????? (1963) ??? ??? ????? (??? ???????) (1964) ??????? ??????? (1965) ?????? ???? ????? / ???? ???? (1966) ???? ???? ???????? (1967) ???????? ??????? (1968) ????? ????? (1969) ??????? ?????????? (1970) ????? ?????? (1971) ??????? ??? (1972) ?????? ???? (1973) ????? ?????? / ???? ???????? (1974) ??????? ??????? (1975)
1976?2000	??? ???? (1976) ?????? ?????????? (1977) ???? ???? (1978) ?????? ?????? (1979) ??????? ????? (1980) ????? ?????? (1981) ??????? ?????? ?????? ( 1982 ) ?????? ?????? (1983) ???????? ????? (1984) ???? ????? (1985) ???? ?????? (1986) ???? ??????? (1987) ???? ????? (1988) ?????? ????? ???? (1989) ??????? ??? (1990) ????? ???????? (1991) ???? ?????? (1992) ???? ??????? (1993) ???????? ??? (1994) ????? ???? (1995) ??????? ????????? (1996) ????? ?? (1997) ????? ???????? (1998) ????? ???? (1999) ??? ????????? (2000)
2001? ??? ????	??????? ??????????? ????? (2001) ????? ?????? (2002) ??? ??????? ?????? ( 2003 ) ??????? ?????? (2004) ?????? ???? (2005) ?????? ????? (2006) ????? ?????? (2007) ??? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? (2008) ????? ???? (2009) ????? ?????? ???? (2010) ????? ?????????? (2011) ?? ??? (2012) ???? ????? (2013) ?????? ??????? (2014) ???????? ??????????? (2015) ??? ???? (2016) ????? ???????? (2017) ????? ????????? (2018) ???? ?????? (2019) ???? ???? (2020) ??? ?????? ???? (2021) ??? ???? ( 2022 ) ??? ???? (2023)