變質說

變質說（論） 、 化質說 （拉丁?：transsubstantiatio；希??：μετουσ?ωσι? ），有時又被新?或一些宗?學?究者稱?「 ?餐??? 」，? 天主? 核心 ?義之一，也是天主?與大部分新?的主要分?之一 ^[1]。化質論??面包和葡萄酒可以通? ?餐? ?化? 基督的 ?? ? 寶血 ^[2]。?在1215年的第四次拉特朗公會議上正式得到?? ^[3]^[4]，但后世又遭到 ?翰·威克里夫等改革家的挑? ^[5]。

?考文? [ ?? ]

^ Fay, William. The Real Presence of Jesus Christ in the Sacrament of the Eucharist: Basic Questions and Answers . United States Conference of Catholic Bishops. 2001 [ 13 December 2015] . （原始?容存?于2020-07-28）. the Catholic Church professes that, in the celebration of the Eucharist, bread and wine become the Body and Blood of Jesus Christ through the power of the Holy Ghost and the instrumentality of the priest.
^ Compendium of the Catechism of the Catholic Church . www.vatican.va. [ 2021-03-16 ] . （原始?容存?于2021-01-22）.
^ Internet History Sourcebooks Project . sourcebooks.fordham.edu. [ 2021-03-16 ] . （原始?容存?于2020-09-28）.
^ Lateran Council | Roman Catholicism . Encyclopedia Britannica. [ 2021-03-16 ] . （原始?容存?于2019-05-22）.
^ Hillebrand, Hans J. (?). Transubstantiation . The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Reformation. Oxford University Press. 2005 [ 2017-05-30 ] . ISBN 978-0-19-506493-3 . （原始?容存?于2021-02-25）.

外部?接 [ ?? ]

"Transubstantiation" in Catholic Encyclopedia （ ?面存??? ，存于互???案? ）
Pope Paul VI: Encyclical Mysterium fidei （ ?面存??? ，存于互???案? ）
Pope Paul VI: Credo of the People of God （ ?面存??? ，存于互???案? ）
Eastern Orthodox Church statements on transubstantiation/metousiosis （ ?面存??? ，存于互???案? ）
The Antiquity of the Doctrine of Transubstantiation （ ?面存??? ，存于互???案? ）

[1] Fay, William. The Real Presence of Jesus Christ in the Sacrament of the Eucharist: Basic Questions and Answers . United States Conference of Catholic Bishops. 2001 [ 13 December 2015] . （原始?容存?于2020-07-28）. the Catholic Church professes that, in the celebration of the Eucharist, bread and wine become the Body and Blood of Jesus Christ through the power of the Holy Ghost and the instrumentality of the priest.

[2] Compendium of the Catechism of the Catholic Church . www.vatican.va. [ 2021-03-16 ] . （原始?容存?于2021-01-22）.

[3] Internet History Sourcebooks Project . sourcebooks.fordham.edu. [ 2021-03-16 ] . （原始?容存?于2020-09-28）.

[4] Lateran Council | Roman Catholicism . Encyclopedia Britannica. [ 2021-03-16 ] . （原始?容存?于2019-05-22）.

[OEOR-5] Hillebrand, Hans J. (?). Transubstantiation . The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Reformation. Oxford University Press. 2005 [ 2017-05-30 ] . ISBN 978-0-19-506493-3 . （原始?容存?于2021-02-25）.

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