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血液???目正常?考?范? - ?基百科，自由的百科全? 跳?到?容

血液???目正常?考?范?

?基百科，自由的百科全?
?基百科 中的醫學?容 ?供?考 ，? 不能 視作專業意見。如需獲取醫療?助或意見，?咨???人士。詳見 醫學聲明 。

血??目?考?范? （英語： Reference ranges for blood tests ），指的是??保健?家? 血液 ?品中?取的一?用?描述?????果的正常?考?。

血液?? 的?量?在 ?床 中意?非常重要，人?通???液?行分析????于 病理? 中的病理改??作?是否患病的?考，?于? ?床化? [註 1] ?域中的?究。

分? [ ?? ]

?子及微量金? [ ?? ]

?里包括了一些如含??合蛋白、含??合蛋白之?的一些蛋白?。

?目 下限? 上限? ?位 ?注
? (Na) 135 [1] ,137 [2] [3] 145 [2] [3] ,147 [1] mmol/L or mEq/L [1]
31 [4] , 32 [4] 33 [4] , 34 [4] mg/dl
? (K) 3.5 [1] [3] , 3.6 [2] 5.0 [1] [2] [3] , 5.1 mmol/L or mEq/L [1] ?? 低?血症
或 高?血症 。
14 [5] 20 [5] mg/dl
? (Cl) 95 [1] , 98 [6] , 100 [3] 105 [1] , 106 [6] , 110 [3] mmol/L or mEq/L [1]
340 [7] 370 [7] mg/dl
? ?子 (Ca) 1.03 [8] , 1.10 [3] 1.23 [8] , 1.30 [3] mmol/L
4.1 [9] , 4.4 [9] 4.9 [9] , 5.2 [9] mg/dL
? 血?? (TSI) ? 男性 65 [10] , 76 [2] 176 [10] , 198 [2] μg/dL
11.6 [11] [12] , 13.6 [12] 30 [11] , 32 [12] , 35 [12] μmol/L
?血??(TSI) ? 女性 26 [2] , 50 [10] 170 [2] [10] μg/dL
4.6 [12] , 8.9 [11] 30.4 [11] μmol/L
?血??(TSI) - 新生? 100 [10] 250 [10] μg/dL
18 [12] 45 [12] μmol/L
?血??(TSI) - ?童 50 [10] 120 [10] μg/dL
9 [12] 21 [12] μmol/L
???合力 (TIBC) 240 [10] , 262 [2] 450 [10] , 474 [2] μg/dL
43 [12] , 47 [12] 81 [12] , 85 [12] μmol/L
??蛋白 190 [13] , 194 [3] , 204 [2] 326 [3] , 330 [13] , 360 [2] mg/dL
25 [14] 45 [14] μmol/L
?和??蛋白 20 [10] 50 [10] %
? ? 男性 12 [15] 300 [15] ng/mL
27 [16] 670 [16] pmol/L
? ? 女性 12 [15] 150 [15] ng/mL
27 [16] 330 [16] pmol/L
? 10 [17] , 20 [18] 35 [17] , 65 [18] μmol/L
17 [19] , 34 [19] 60 [19] , 110 [19] μg/dL
? 70 [20] 150 [20] μg/dL
11 [21] 24 [21] μmol/L
??蛋白 15 [20] 60 [20] mg/dL
1 [22] 4 [22] μmol/L
??量 (Ca) 2.1 [1] [23] , 2.2 [3] 2.5 [23] [3] , 2.6 [23] , 2.8 [1] mmol/L
8.4 [1] , 8.5 [20] 10.2 [1] , 10.5 [20] mg/dL
?酸 (HPO 4 2? ) 0.8 1.5 [24] mmol/L
无机 ? (血?) 1.0 [1] 1.5 [1] mmol/L
3.0 [1] 4.5 [1] mg/dL
? (Cu) 11 [25] 24 μmol/L
? (Zn) 60 [26] , 72 [27] 110 [27] , 130 [26] μg/dL
9.2 [28] , 11 [3] 17 [3] , 20 [28] μmol/L
? 1.5 [20] , 1.7 [29] 2.0 [20] , 2.3 [29] mEq/L or mg/dL
0.6 [30] , 0.7 [3] 0.82 [30] , 0.95 [3] mmol/L
? (最适范?) 120 [31] μg/L

酸???? [ ?? ]

更多信息： 血液??分析

酸????如果?有特?指定???/??血，一般指的是??血，而不是??血。

酸????中的少??目在??/??中差??大。 [32] 。

?目 ??/?? 下限? 上限? ?位 ?注
pH ?? 7.34 [2] , 7.35 [1] 7.44 [2] , 7.45 [1]
?? 7.31 [33] 7.41 [33]
[H + ] ?? 36 [1] 44 [1] nmol/L
3.6 [34] 4.4 [34] ng/dL
???基 ??和?? [33] -3 [33] +3 [33] mEq/L
? 分? (pO 2 ) ?? 10 [1] , 11 [35] 13 [35] , 14 [1] kPa
75 [1] [2] , 83 [20] 100 [2] , 105 [1] mmHg 又は torr
?? 4.0 [35] 5.3 [35] kPa
30 [33] 40 [33] mmHg 又は torr
??和度 ?? 94 [33] , 95 [6] , 96 [20] 100 [6] [20] %
?? Approximately 75 [6]
二?化?分? (CO 2 ) ?? 4.4 [1] , 4.7 [35] 5.9 [1] , 6.0 [35] kPa 指定 p CO 2
33 [1] , 35 [2] 44 [1] , 45 [2] mmHg 或 torr
23 [33] 30 [33] mmol/L
100 [36] 132 [36] mg/dL
?? 5.5 [35] 6.8 [35] kPa
41 [33] 51 [33] mmHg 又は torr
?酸?根?子 (HCO 3 , ) ??和?? 18 [20] 23 [20] mmol/L
110 [37] 140 [37] mg/dL
?准?酸?根?子(SBC e ) ??和?? 21, 22 [1] 27, 28 [1] mmol/L or mEq/L [1]
134 [37] 170 [37] mg/dL

肝功能 [ ?? ]

?目 ??者?型 下限? 上限? ?位 ?注
?蛋白 60 [1] , 63 [2] 78 [1] , 82 [2] , 84 [20] g/L ?? 低蛋白血症
白蛋白 35 [1] [38] 48 [2] , 55 [1] g/L ?? 低蛋白血症
3.5 [2] 4.8 [2] , 5.5 [1] U/L
540 [39] 740 [39] μmol/L
球蛋白 23 [1] 35 [1] g/L
???素 1.7 [40] , 2 [1] , 3.4 [40] , 5 [3] 17 [1] [40] , 22 [40] , 25 [3] μmol/L
0.1 [1] , 0.2 [2] , 0.29 [41] 1.0 [1] [20] , 1.3 [2] , 1.4 [41] mg/dL
?合型/ 直接??素 0.0 [1] or N/A [3] 5 [1] , 7 [40] [3] μmol/L
0 [1] [2] 0.3 [1] [2] , 0.4 [20] mg/dL
丙?酸??? (ALT/ALAT [3] ) 5 [42] , 7 [2] , 8 [1] 20 [1] , 21 [6] , 56 [2] U/L 也被??血? 谷丙???
（SGPT:serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase）
女性 0.15 [3] 0.75 [3] μ kat /L
男性 0.15 [3] 1.1 [3]
天冬?酸?基?移? (AST/ASAT [3] ) 女性 6 [43] 34 [43] IU/L 也被??

血? 谷草???
（SGOT:serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase)

0.25 [3] 0.60 [3] μ kat /L
男性 8 [43] 40 [43] IU/L
0.25 [3] 0.75 [3] μ kat /L
?性?酸?(ALP) 女性 42 [42] 98 [42] U/L
男性 53 [42] 128 [42]
?活性 0.6 [3] 1.8 [3] μ kat /L
γ-谷???移?(GGT) 5 [42] , 8 [2] 40 [42] , 78 [2] U/L
女性 0.8 [44] μkat/L
男性 1.3 [44]

心肌? [ ?? ]

?目 ??者?型 下限? 上限? ?位 ?注
肌酸激? (CK) 男性 24 [45] , 38 [2] , 60 [42] 174 [20] , 320 [42] U/L
or ng/mL
女性 24 [45] , 38 [2] , 96 [20] 140 [20] , 200 [42]
CK-MB 0 3 [2] , 3.8 [3] , 5 [42] ng/mL or μg/L [3]
?利?? (BNP) 男性 45-54 ? 4 [46] 40 [46] pg/mL
55-64 ? 5 [46] 52 [46]
65-74 ? 7 [46] 67 [46]
75-83 ? 9 [46] 86 [46]
女性 45-54 ? 8 [46] 73 [46]
55-64 ? 10 [46] 93 [46]
65-74 ? 13 [46] 120 [46]
75-83 ? 16 [46] 155 [46]
NT-proBNP 男性 < 45 ? 90 [47] pg/mL
45-54 ? 140 [47]
55-64 ? 180 [47]
65-74 ? 230 [47]
> 75 ? 850 [47]
女性 < 45 ? 180 [47]
45-54 ? 190 [47]
55-64 ? 230 [47]
65-74 ? 350 [47]
> 75 ? 620 [47]
肌?蛋白 女性 1 [48] 66 [48] ng/mL or μg/L
男性 17 [48] 106 [48]

疼痛?始12小?后 肌?蛋白 的?:

?目 下限? 上限? ?位 ?考
肌?蛋白I 0.2 [49] ng/mL or μg/L 通常的上限
0.2 [49] 1.0 [49] ng/mL or μg/L 急性冠??合征
0.4 [50] 2.0 [50] ng/mL or μg/L 平?上升 [50]
1.0 [49] , 1.5 [51] n/a [49] [51] ng/mL or μg/L 疑似 心肌梗塞
肌?蛋白T 0.02 [49] ng/mL or μg/L 通常的上限
0.02 [49] 0.10 [49] ng/mL or μg/L 急性冠??合征
0.10 [49] n/a [49] ng/mL or μg/L 疑似 心肌梗塞

?瘤?志物 [ ?? ]

更多信息： ?瘤?志物
?目 下限? 上限? ?位 ?注
甲胎蛋白 (AFP) 0 44 [2] ng/mL
β 人?毛膜促性腺激素 (bHCG) n/a 5 [2] IU/l or mU/ml 男性及非孕?
CA 19-9 n/a 40 [2] U/ml
CA-125 n/a 30 [52] , 35 [53] kU/L or U/mL
癌胚抗原 (CEA)
50?的非吸烟者 		n/a 3.4 [3] , 3.6 [54] μg/l
癌胚抗原 (CEA)
70?的非吸烟者 		n/a 4.1 [54] μg/l
癌胚抗原 (CEA) - 吸烟者 n/a 5 [55] μg/l
前列腺特?抗原 (PSA) n/a 2.5 [3] , 4 [2] μg/L [2] [3] or ng/mL [20] 45?以下 <2,5 μg/L
前列腺酸性?酸?（PAP） 0 3 [20] units/dL (Bodansky units)

?分泌 [ ?? ]

甲?腺激素 [ ?? ]

更多信息： 甲?腺激素
?目 ??者?型 下限? 上限? ?位
促甲?腺激素
(TSH or thyrotropin) 		成人 -
通常范? 		0.3 [3] , 0.4 [2] , 0.5 [20] , 0.6 [56] 4.0 [3] , 4.5 [2] , 6.0 [20] mIU/L or μIU/mL
成人 -
最适范? 		0.3 [57] , 0.5 [58] 2.0 [58] , 3.0 [57] mIU/L or μIU/mL
?? 1.3 [59] 19 [59] mIU/L or μIU/mL
游? 甲?腺素 (FT4) 通常的成人 0.7 [60] ,0.8 [2] 1.4 [60] , 1.5 [2] ng/dL
9 [61] [3] , 10 [62] , 12 [63] 18 [3] [61] , 23 [63] pmol/L
?? 0-3日 2.0 [60] 5.0 [60] ng/dL
26 [61] 65 [61] pmol/L
?? 3-30日 0.9 [60] 2.2 [60] ng/dL
12 [61] 30 [61] pmol/L
?童/?春期
30日 - 18? 		0.8 [60] 2.0 [60] ng/dL
10 [61] 26 [61] pmol/L
孕? 0.5 [60] 1.0 [60] ng/dL
6.5 [61] 13 [61] pmol/L
?甲?腺素 60 [62] [63] 140 [62] , 160 [63] nmol/L
4 [62] , 5.5 [2] 11 [62] , 12.3 [2] μg/dL
游? 三?甲?腺原?酸 (FT3) 通常的成人 0.2 [62] 0.5 [62] ng/dL
3.1 [64] 7.7 [64] pmol/L
?童 2-16? 0.1 [65] 0.6 [65] ng/dL
1.5 [64] 9.2 [64] pmol/L
?三?甲?腺原?酸 0.9 [3] , 1.1 [62] 2.5 [3] , 2.7 [62] nmol/L
60 [2] , 75 [62] 175 [62] , 181 [2] ng/dL
甲?腺素?合球蛋白 (TBG) 12 [2] 30 [2] mg/L
甲?腺球蛋白 (Tg) 1.5 [62] 30 [62] pmol/L
1 [62] 20 [62] μg/L

性激素 [ ?? ]

更多信息： 性激素
?目 ??者?型 下限? 上限? ?位
睾丸? 男性, 整? 8 [66] , 10 [67] 27 [66] , 35 [67] nmol/L
230 [68] , 300 [69] 780 [68] - 1000 [69] ng/dL
男性 < 50 ? 10 [3] 45 [3] nmol/L
290 [68] 1300 [68] ng/dL
男性 > 50 ? 6.2 [3] 26 [3] nmol/L
180 [68] 740 [68] ng/dL
女性 0.7 [67] 2.8 [67] - 3.0 [3] nmol/L
20 [69] 80 [69] - 85 [68] ng/dL
17-?基孕? 男性 0.06 [20] 3.0 [20] mg/L
女性 (卵泡期) 0.2 [20] 1.0 [20] mg/L
卵泡刺激素 (FSH) ?春期前 <1 [70] 3 [70] IU/L
成人男性 1 [70] 8 [70]
成人女性 (卵泡期及 ??期 ) 1 [70] 11 [70]
成人女性 ( 排卵 ) 6 [70]
95% PI (standard) 		26 [70]
95% PI)
5 [71]
90% PI (used in diagram) 		15 [71]
(90% PI)
??后女性 30 [70] 118 [70]
??生成素 (LH) 女性, peak 20 [71]
90% PI (used in diagram) 		75 [71]
(90% PI) 		IU/L
女性, ??后 15 [72] 60 [72]
雌二醇 ( 雌激素 的一?) 成人男性 50 [73] 200 [73] pmol/L
1.4 [74] 5.5 [74] ng/dL
成人女性 (卵泡期，5日) 70 [73]
95% PI (standard) 		500 [73]
95% PI 		pmol/L
110 [71]
90% PI (used in diagram) 		220 [71]
90% PI
1.9 [74] (95% PI) 14 [74] (95% PI) ng/dL
3.0 [74] (90% PI) 6.0 [74] (90% PI)
成人女性 (排卵前) 400 [73] 1500 [73] pmol/L
11 [74] 41 [74] ng/dL
成人女性( ??期 ) 70 [73] 600 [73] pmol/L
1.9 [74] 16 [74] ng/dL
成人女性 - free (not protein bound) 0.05 [75] 0.9 [75] ng/dL
1.7 [75] 33 [75] pmol/L
??后女性 N/A [73] < 130 [73] pmol/L
N/A [74] < 3.5 [74] ng/dL
??激素 女性（排卵日） 2.2 [71] (90% PI ) 9 [71] (90% PI ) nmol/L
70 [76] (90% PI) 280 [76] (90% PI) ng/dL
雄?二? 成人男性及女性 60 [72] 270 [72] ng/dL
??后女性 < 180 [72]
?春期前 < 60 [72]

其他激素 [ ?? ]

更多信息： 激素
?目 ??者?型 下限? 上限? ?位
副?皮?刺激激素 (ACTH) 4.4 [77] 18 [78] ,22 [77] pmol/L
20 [2] 80 [79] , 100 [2] pg/mL
皮?醇 上午09:00 140 [80] 700 [80] nmol/L
5 [81] 25 [81] μg/dL
深夜 80 [80] 350 [80] nmol/L
2.9 [81] 13 [81] μg/dL
生?激素 (空腹?) 0 5 [1] ng/mL
生?激素 ( 精?酸 刺激) 7 [1] n/a ng/mL
催乳素 女性 n/a 20 [2] ng/mL or μg/L [3]
男性 15 [2]
甲?旁腺激素 (PTH) 10 [82] , 17 [83] 65 [82] , 70 [83] pg/mL
1.1 [3] , 1.8 [84] 6.9 [3] , 7.5 [84] pmol/L
25-???化（固）醇 ( ?生素D 的一?)
- 通常?考? 		8 [20] [85] , 9 [85] 40 [85] , 80 [20] ng/mL
20 [86] , 23 [87] 95 [87] , 150 [86] nmol/L
25-???化（固）醇
- 治???考? 		30 [88] , 40 [89] 65 [89] , 100 [88] ng/mL
85 [31] , 100 [89] 120 [31] , 160 [89] nmol/L

?基酸 [ ?? ]

?目 性? 年? 下限? 上限? ?位 ?常上升? 最适?
同型半胱?酸 女性 12?19 ? 3.3 [90] 7.2 [90] μmol/L > 10.4 μmol/L
or
> 140 μg/dl 		< 6.3 μmol/L [31]
or
< 85 μg/dL [31]
45 [91] 100 [91] μg/dL
>60 ? 4.9 [90] 11.6 [90] μmol/L
66 [91] 160 [91] μg/dL
男性 12?19 ? 4.3 [90] 9.9 [90] μmol/L > 11.4 μmol/L
or
> 150 μg/dL
60 [91] 130 [91] μg/dL
>60 ? 5.9 [90] 15.3 [90] μmol/L
80 [91] 210 [91] μg/dL

?生素? [ ?? ]

?目 ??者?型 ?准范? ?位 最适范?
下限? 上限? 下限? 上限?
?生素A 30 [20] 65 [20] μg/dL
?生素B9
( ?酸 /?酸?) - 血? 		1?以上 3.0 [92] 16 [92] ng/mL or μg/L 5 [93]
6.8 [94] 36 [94] nmol/l 11 [94]
?生素B9
(?酸/?酸?) - ??胞 		200 [92] 600 [92] ng/mL or μg/L
450 [94] 1400 [94] nmol/L
孕? ng/mL or μg/L 400 [92]
nmol/L 900 [92]
?生素B12 (??素) 130 [95] , 160 [96] 700 [95] , 950 [96] ng/L
100 [97] , 120 [3] 520 [97] , 700 [3] pmol/L
?生素C (抗?血酸) 0.4 [20] 1.5 [20] mg/dL 0.9 [31]
23 [98] 85 [98] μmol/L 50 [31]
25-???化（固）醇 ( ?生素D ) 8 [20] [85] , 9 [85] 40 [85] , 80 [20] ng/mL 30 [88] , 40 [89] 65 [89] , 100 [88]
20 [86] , 23 [87] 95 [87] , 150 [86] nmol/L 85 [31] , 100 [89] 120 [31] , 160 [89]
?生素E μmol/L 28 [31]
mg/dL 1.2 [31]

有害物? [ ?? ]

?目 ?考?? ?考? ?位
? 健康的?持 < 20 [6] or 40 [20] μg/dL
乙醇 酒??考 0 [99] , 0.2 [99] , 0.8 [99] ‰ or g/L
17.4 [100] mmol/L

血液 [ ?? ]

??胞 [ ?? ]

?目 ??者?型 下限? 上限? ?位 ?注
血?蛋白 (Hb) 男性 2.0 [101] , 2.1 [1] 2.5 [101] , 2.7 [1] mmol/L ??高，?童低。
130 [3] , 132 [2] , 135 [1] 162 [2] , 170 [3] , 175 [1] g/L
女性 1.8 [101] , 1.9 [1] 2.3 [101] , 2.5 [1] [101] mmol/L 成人?性?差??小。
120 [3] [1] [2] 150 [3] , 152 [2] , 160 [1] [20] g/L
血?中血?蛋白 0.16 [1] 0.62 [1] μmol/L 通常?存在于小型??胞?。
1 4 mg/dL
糖化血?蛋白 (Hb A1c ) < 50 ? 3.6 [3] 5.0 [3] % of Hb
> 50 ? 3.9 [3] 5.3 [3]
?合珠蛋白 < 50 ? 0.35 [3] 1.9 [3] g/L
> 50 ? 0.47 [3] 2.1 [3]
??胞比容 (Hct) 男性 0.39 [3] , 0.4 [2] , 0.41 [1] , 0.45 [20] 0.50 [3] , 0.52 [2] ,0.53 [1] , 0.62 [20]
女性 0.35 [3] , 0.36 [1] ,0.37 [2] [20] 0.46 [1] [2] [3] , 0.48 [20]
?童 0.31 [2] 0.43 [2]
平均??胞?? (MCV) 男性 76 [20] , 82 [2] 100 [20] , 102 [2] fL 容???高，?童低。
女性 78 [2] 101 [2] fL
??胞粒度分布幅（Red blood cell distribution width (RDW)） 11.5 [2] 14.5 [2] %
平均??胞血?蛋白（Mean cell hemoglobin(MCH)） 0.39 [1] 0.54 [1] fmol/cell
25 [1] , 27 [20] [3] 32 [20] , 33 [3] , 35 [1] pg/cell
平均??胞血?蛋白?度（Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration(MCHC)） 31 [2] , 32 [20] [3] 35 [2] , 36 [20] [3] g/dL
4.8 [102] , 5.0 [102] 5.4 [102] , 5.6 [102] mmol/L
??胞 (RBC) 男性 4.2 [20] , 4.3 [1] [2] [3] 5.7 [3] , 5.9 [1] , 6.2 [2] , 6.9 [20] x10 12 /L
女性 3.5 [1] , 3.8 [2] , 3.9 [3] 5.1 [3] , 5.5 [1] [2] x10 12 /L
??/?童 3.8 [2] 5.5 [2] x10 12 /L
????胞 26 [3] 130 [3] x10 9 /L
成人 0.5 [1] [2] 1.5 [1] [2] % of RBC
新生? 1.1 [2] 4.5 [2] % of RBC
?? 0.5 [2] 3.1 [2] % of RBC

白?胞 [ ?? ]

?目 ??者?型 下限? 上限? ?位 ?注
白?胞 ? (WBC) 成人 3.5 [3] , 3.9 [103] , 4.1 [2] , 4.5 [1] 9.0 [3] , 10.0 [103] , 10.9 [2] , 11 [1]
  • x10 9 /L
  • x10 3 /mm 3 or
  • x10 3 /μL
新生? 9 [104] 30 [104]
1??? 6 [104] 18 [104]
中性粒?胞 (A.K.A. grans, polys, PMNs, or segs) 成人 1.3 [3] , 1.8 [103] , 2 [104] 5.4 [3] , 7 [103] , 8 [104] x10 9 /L
45-54 [1] 62 [1] , 74 % of WBC
新生? 6 [104] 26 [104] x10 9 /L
杆??核?胞 （中性粒?胞） （Neutrophilic band forms） 成人 0.7 [104] x10 9 /L
3 [1] 5 [1] % of WBC
淋巴?胞 成人 0.7 [3] , 1.0 [103] [104] 3.5 [103] , 3.9 [3] , 4.8 [104] x10 9 /L
16-25 [1] 33 [1] , 45 % of WBC
新生? 2 [104] 11 [104] x10 9 /L
?核?胞 成人 0.1 [3] , 0.2 [95] [105] 0.8 [95] [104] [3] x10 9 /L
3 [1] , 4.0 7 [1] , 10 % of WBC
新生? 0.4 [104] 3.1 [104] x10 9 /L
?核白?胞(?核?胞+淋巴?胞) 成人 1.5 5 x10 9 /L
20 35 % of WBC
CD4?性T?胞 成人 0.4 [2] , 0.5 [6] 1.5 [6] , 1.8 [2] x10 9 /L
嗜酸性粒?胞 成人 0.0 [3] , 0.04 [95] 0.44 [95] , 0.45 [104] , 0.5 [3] x10 9 /L
1 [1] 3 [1] , 7 % of WBC
新生? 0.02 [104] 0.85 [104] x10 9 /L
嗜?性粒?胞 成人 40 [103] 100 [95] [3] , 200 [104] , 900 [103] x10 6 /L
0.0 0.75 [1] , 2 % of WBC
新生? 0.64 [104] x10 9 /L

凝血??溶系? [ ?? ]

?目 下限? 上限? ?位 ?注
血小板 /??胞? (Plt) 140 [2] , 150 [1] [3] 350 [20] [3] , 400 [1] , 450 [2] x10 9 /L
凝血?原?? (PT) 10 [6] , 11 [1] [106] , 12 [2] 13 [6] , 13.5 [106] , 14 [2] , 15 [1] s 凝血?原??受到????不同的影?。INR可以把?的? ?准化 。
INR 0.9 [3] 1.2 [3] INR是被??者的凝血?原??的修正。
活化部分凝血活???（Activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT)） 18 [2] , 30 [6] [3] 28 [2] , 42 [3] , 45 [6] s
凝血? 凝固?? (TCT) 11 18 s
??蛋白原 1.7 [2] , 2.0 [3] 3.6 [3] , 4.2 [2] g/L
抗凝血? 0.80 [3] 1.2 [3] kIU/L
出血?? 2 9 min
粘度 1.5 [107] 1.72 [107] cP

免疫 [ ?? ]

急性期蛋白? [ ?? ]

?目 ??者 下限? 上限? ?位 ?考
??胞?降率
(ESR) 		男性 0 年?÷2 [108] mm/hr ??胞?降率?着年?的增?，女性往往偏高。 [109]
女性 (年?+10)÷2 [108]
C-反?蛋白 (CRP) n/a 5 [110] [3] , 6 [111] mg/L
200 [112] , 240 [112] nmol/L
α1-抗?蛋白? (AAT) 20 [113] , 22 [114] 38 [114] , 53 [113] μmol/L
89 [115] , 97 [3] 170 [3] , 230 [115] mg/dL

抗?的?? [ ?? ]

更多信息： 抗?
?目 ??者 下限? 上限? ?位 ?考
免疫球蛋白A （IgA） 成人 70 [3] , 110 [116] 360 [3] , 560 [116] mg/dL
免疫球蛋白D （IgD） 0.5 [116] 3.0 [116]
免疫球蛋白E （IgE） 0.01 [116] 0.04 [116]
免疫球蛋白G （IgG） 800 [116] 1800 [116]
免疫球蛋白M （IgM） 54 [116] 220 [116]

自身抗? [ ?? ]

更多信息： 自身抗?
?目 ?性 疑似?性 ?性 ?位
抗SS-A抗? (Ro) < 15 [117] 15-25 [117] > 25 [117] Units
per
millilitre
(U/mL)
抗SS-B抗? (La) < 3 [117] 3 ? 4 [117] > 4 [117]
Anti ds-DNA < 40 [117] 40 ? 60 [117] > 60 [117]
Anti ss-DNA < 8 [117] 8 - 10 [117] > 10 [117]
Anti-histone antibodies < 25 [117] n/a [117] > 25 [117]
Cytoplasmic/classical
抗中性粒?胞胞?抗? (c-ANCA) 		< 20 [117] 21 - 30 [117] > 30 [117]
Perinuclear
anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic
antibodies (p-ANCA) 		< 5 [117] n/a > 5 [117]
抗?粒?抗? (AMA) < 10 [117] n/a [117] > 10 [117]
???因子 (RF) < 20 20 - 30 > 30 [2]
抗?球菌溶血素 O titre
(ASOT)
（??前） 		> 100
ASOT（就?期） > 250 [2]
ASOT（成人） > 125 [2]
?目 ?性 弱?性 中?性 高?性 ?位
抗?脂 IgG < 20 [117] 20 ?30 [117] 31 ? 50 [117] > 51 [117] GPLU/ml [117]
抗?脂 IgM < 1.5 [117] 1.5 ?2.5 [117] 2 ? 9.9 [117] > 10 [117] MPL /ml [117]
抗?脂 IgA < 10 [117] 10 -20 [117] 21 ? 30 [117] > 31 [117] arb U/ml [117]
抗瓜?酸蛋白抗?
(Anti-citrullinated protein antibodies) 		< 20 [117] 20 ? 39 [117] 40 - 59 [117] > 60 [117] EU [117]

其他?及蛋白? [ ?? ]

?目 下限? 上限? ?位 ?注
乳酸??? (LDH) 50 [20] 150 [20] U/L
0.4 [42] 1.7 [42] μmol/L
LDH (?的活性) 1.8 [3] 3.4 [3] μ kat /L < 70? [3]
淀粉 25 [1] , 30 [2] , 53 [20] 110 [2] , 120 [118] , 123 [20] , 125 [1] , 190 [42] U/L
0.15 [3] 1.1 [3] μ kat /L
200 [112] 240 [112] nmol/L
D-二聚? n/a 500 [119] ng/mL 妊?で高い。 [120]
0.5 [3] mg/L
脂肪? 7 [2] , 10 [20] , 23 [42] 60 [2] , 150 [20] , 208 [42] U/L
血管??素??? (ACE) 23 [42] 57 [42] U/L
酸性?酸? 3.0 [42] ng/mL
嗜酸性粒?胞??子蛋白 (ECP) 2.3 [3] 16 [3] μg/L

其他?解?及代?物 [ ?? ]

?目 ??者?型 下限? 上限? ?位 ?考
渗透? 275 [1] , 280 [20] , 281 [3] 295 [1] , 296 [20] , 297 [3] mOsm/kg 不包含溶?的血?重量
渗透? Slightly less than osmolality mOsm/l 包含溶?的血?容量
尿素 1.2 [1] , 3.0 [121] 3.0 [1] , 7.0 [121] mmol/L 尿素?（BUN - Blood urea nitrogen）
7 [1] 18 [1] , 21 [2] mg/dL
* 尿酸 [2] 0.18 [1] 0.48 [1] mmol/L
女性 2.0 [20] 7.0 [20] mg/dL
男性 2.1 [20] 8.5 [20] mg/dL
肌? 男性 60 [3] , 68 [122] 90 [3] , 118 [122] μmol/L ?? 肌??除率
0.7 [123] , 0.8 [123] 1.0 [123] , 1.3 [123] mg/dL
女性 50 [3] , 68 [122] 90 [3] , 98 [122] μmol/L
0.6 [123] , 0.8 [123] 1.0 [123] , 1.1 [123] mg/dL
尿素? /肌?比 5 [20] 35 [20] -
血? 血糖 ? (空腹?) 3.8 [1] , 4.0 [3] 6.0 [3] , 6.1 [124] mmol/L 糖化血?蛋白
65 [2] , 70 [1] , 72 [125] 100 [124] , 110 [20] mg/dL
?血糖値 (空腹?) 3.3 [3] 5.6 [3] mmol/L
60 [125] 100 [125] mg/dL
乳酸 (??) 4.5 [20] 19.8 [20] mg/dL
0.5 [126] 2.2 [126] mmol/L
乳酸 (??) 4.5 [20] 14.4 [20] mg/dL
0.5 [126] 1.6 [126] mmol/L
丙?酸 300 [20] 900 [20] μg/dL
34 [127] 102 [127] μmol/L

脂? [ ?? ]

?目 ??者?型 下限? 上限? ?位 最适范?
中性脂肪 10 ? 39 ? 54 [20] 110 [20] mg/dL < 100 mg/dL [31]
or 1.1 [31] mmol/L
0.61 [128] 1.2 [128] mmol/L
40 ? 59 ? 70 [20] 150 [20] mg/dL
0.77 [128] 1.7 [128] mmol/L
> 60 ? 80 [20] 150 [20] mg/dL
0.9 [128] 1.7 [128] mmol/L
? ?固醇 3.0 [129] , 3.6 [1] [129] 5.0 [3] [130] , 6.5 [1] mmol/L < 3.9 [31]
120 [2] , 140 [1] 200 [2] , 250 [1] mg/dL < 150 [31]
HDL?固醇 女性 1.0 [131] , 1.2 [3] , 1.3 [129] 2.2 [131] mmol/L > 1.0 [131] or 1.6 [129]  mmol/L
> 40 [132] or 60 [133] mg/dL
40 [132] , 50 [134] 86 [132] mg/dL
HDL?固醇 男性 0.9 [131] [3] 2.0 [131] mmol/L
35 [132] 80 [132] mg/dL
LDL?固醇
(中性脂肪 >5.0 mmol/L
的情?下无效) 		2.0 [131] , 2.4 [130] 3.0 [130] [3] , 3.4 [131] mmol/L < 2.5 [131]
80 [132] , 94 [132] 120 [132] , 130 [132] mg/dL < 100 [132]
LDL/HDL比 n/a 5 [3] (unitless)

注? [ ?? ]

  1. ^ ?床生化?、化?病理?、?血液化?的??

?考?料 [ ?? ]

  1. ^ 1.000 1.001 1.002 1.003 1.004 1.005 1.006 1.007 1.008 1.009 1.010 1.011 1.012 1.013 1.014 1.015 1.016 1.017 1.018 1.019 1.020 1.021 1.022 1.023 1.024 1.025 1.026 1.027 1.028 1.029 1.030 1.031 1.032 1.033 1.034 1.035 1.036 1.037 1.038 1.039 1.040 1.041 1.042 1.043 1.044 1.045 1.046 1.047 1.048 1.049 1.050 1.051 1.052 1.053 1.054 1.055 1.056 1.057 1.058 1.059 1.060 1.061 1.062 1.063 1.064 1.065 1.066 1.067 1.068 1.069 1.070 1.071 1.072 1.073 1.074 1.075 1.076 1.077 1.078 1.079 1.080 1.081 1.082 1.083 1.084 1.085 1.086 1.087 1.088 1.089 1.090 1.091 1.092 1.093 1.094 1.095 1.096 1.097 1.098 1.099 1.100 1.101 1.102 1.103 1.104 1.105 1.106 1.107 Last page of Deepak A. Rao; Le, Tao; Bhushan, Vikas. First Aid for the USMLE Step 1 2008 (First Aid for the Usmle Step 1). McGraw-Hill Medical. 2007. ISBN  0-07-149868-0 .  
  2. ^ 2.000 2.001 2.002 2.003 2.004 2.005 2.006 2.007 2.008 2.009 2.010 2.011 2.012 2.013 2.014 2.015 2.016 2.017 2.018 2.019 2.020 2.021 2.022 2.023 2.024 2.025 2.026 2.027 2.028 2.029 2.030 2.031 2.032 2.033 2.034 2.035 2.036 2.037 2.038 2.039 2.040 2.041 2.042 2.043 2.044 2.045 2.046 2.047 2.048 2.049 2.050 2.051 2.052 2.053 2.054 2.055 2.056 2.057 2.058 2.059 2.060 2.061 2.062 2.063 2.064 2.065 2.066 2.067 2.068 2.069 2.070 2.071 2.072 2.073 2.074 2.075 2.076 2.077 2.078 2.079 2.080 2.081 2.082 2.083 2.084 2.085 2.086 2.087 2.088 2.089 2.090 2.091 2.092 2.093 2.094 2.095 2.096 2.097 2.098 2.099 2.100 2.101 2.102 2.103 2.104 2.105 2.106 Normal Reference Range Table （ ?面存??? ，存于 互???案? ） from The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas. Used in Interactive Case Study Companion to Pathologic basis of disease.
  3. ^ 3.000 3.001 3.002 3.003 3.004 3.005 3.006 3.007 3.008 3.009 3.010 3.011 3.012 3.013 3.014 3.015 3.016 3.017 3.018 3.019 3.020 3.021 3.022 3.023 3.024 3.025 3.026 3.027 3.028 3.029 3.030 3.031 3.032 3.033 3.034 3.035 3.036 3.037 3.038 3.039 3.040 3.041 3.042 3.043 3.044 3.045 3.046 3.047 3.048 3.049 3.050 3.051 3.052 3.053 3.054 3.055 3.056 3.057 3.058 3.059 3.060 3.061 3.062 3.063 3.064 3.065 3.066 3.067 3.068 3.069 3.070 3.071 3.072 3.073 3.074 3.075 3.076 3.077 3.078 3.079 3.080 3.081 3.082 3.083 3.084 3.085 3.086 3.087 3.088 3.089 3.090 3.091 3.092 3.093 3.094 3.095 3.096 3.097 3.098 3.099 3.100 3.101 3.102 3.103 3.104 3.105 3.106 3.107 3.108 3.109 3.110 3.111 3.112 3.113 3.114 3.115 3.116 3.117 3.118 3.119 3.120 3.121 3.122 3.123 3.124 3.125 3.126 3.127 Reference range list from Uppsala University Hospital ("Laborationslista"). Artnr 40284 Sj74a. Issued on April 22, 2008
  4. ^ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 Derived from molar values using molar mass of 22.99?g·mol?1
  5. ^ 5.0 5.1 Derived from molar values using molar mass of 39.10?g·mol?1
  6. ^ 6.00 6.01 6.02 6.03 6.04 6.05 6.06 6.07 6.08 6.09 6.10 6.11 6.12 MERCK MANUALS > Common Medical Tests > Blood Tests （ ?面存??? ，存于 互???案? ） Last full review/revision February 2003
  7. ^ 7.0 7.1 Derived from molar values using molar mass of 35.45?g·mol?1
  8. ^ 8.0 8.1 Larsson, L.; Ohman, S. Serum ionized calcium and corrected total calcium in borderline hyperparathyroidism . Clinical Chemistry. 1978-11, 24 (11): 1962?1965 [ 2020-12-25 ] . ISSN 0009-9147 . PMID 709830 . （原始?容 存? 于2021-04-27）.  
  9. ^ 9.0 9.1 9.2 9.3 Derived from molar values using molar mass of 40.08 ?g·mol?1
  10. ^ 10.00 10.01 10.02 10.03 10.04 10.05 10.06 10.07 10.08 10.09 10.10 10.11 Slon S. Serum Iron . University of Illinois Medical Center. 2006-09-22 [ 2006-07-06 ] . （ 原始?容 存?于2012-04-26）.  
  11. ^ 11.0 11.1 11.2 11.3 Diagnostic Chemicals Limited > Serum Iron-SL Assay （ ?面存??? ，存于 互???案? ） July 15, 2005
  12. ^ 12.00 12.01 12.02 12.03 12.04 12.05 12.06 12.07 12.08 12.09 12.10 12.11 12.12 Derived from mass values using molar mass of 55.85?g·mol?1
  13. ^ 13.0 13.1 Table 1. （ ?面存??? ，存于 互???案? ） Page 133. Clinical Chemistry 45, No. 1, 1999 (stating 1.9?3.3 g/L)
  14. ^ 14.0 14.1 Derived by dividing mass values with molar mass
  15. ^ 15.0 15.1 15.2 15.3 Ferritin （ ?面存??? ，存于 互???案? ） by: Mark Levin, MD, Hematologist and Oncologist, Newark, NJ. Review provided by VeriMed Healthcare Network
  16. ^ 16.0 16.1 16.2 16.3 Derived from mass values using molar mass of 450,000?g·mol?1
  17. ^ 17.0 17.1 Mitchell, M. L.; Filippone, M. D.; Wozniak, T. F. Metastatic carcinomatous cirrhosis and hepatic hemosiderosis in a patient heterozygous for the H63D genotype . Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine. 2001-08, 125 (8): 1084?1087 [ 2020-12-25 ] . ISSN 0003-9985 . PMID 11473464 . doi:10.1043/0003-9985(2001)1252.0.CO;2 . （原始?容 存? 于2021-05-02）.  
  18. ^ 18.0 18.1 Diaz, J.; Tornel, P. L.; Martinez, P. Reference intervals for blood ammonia in healthy subjects, determined by microdiffusion . Clinical Chemistry. 1995-07, 41 (7): 1048 [ 2020-12-25 ] . ISSN 0009-9147 . PMID 7600690 . （原始?容 存? 于2021-05-02）.  
  19. ^ 19.0 19.1 19.2 19.3 Derived from molar values using molar mass of 17.03 g/mol
  20. ^ 20.00 20.01 20.02 20.03 20.04 20.05 20.06 20.07 20.08 20.09 20.10 20.11 20.12 20.13 20.14 20.15 20.16 20.17 20.18 20.19 20.20 20.21 20.22 20.23 20.24 20.25 20.26 20.27 20.28 20.29 20.30 20.31 20.32 20.33 20.34 20.35 20.36 20.37 20.38 20.39 20.40 20.41 20.42 20.43 20.44 20.45 20.46 20.47 20.48 20.49 20.50 20.51 20.52 20.53 20.54 20.55 20.56 20.57 20.58 20.59 20.60 20.61 20.62 20.63 20.64 20.65 20.66 20.67 20.68 20.69 20.70 20.71 20.72 20.73 20.74 20.75 20.76 Blood Test Results with Normal Range Reference Chart - BloodBook, Blood Information for Life . www.bloodbook.com. [ 2020-12-25 ] . （原始?容 存? 于2012-11-02）.  
  21. ^ 21.0 21.1 Derived from mass values using molar mass of 63.55?g·mol?1
  22. ^ 22.0 22.1 Derived from mass using molar mass of 151kDa
  23. ^ 23.0 23.1 23.2 Derived from mass values using molar mass of 40.08 ?g·mol?1
  24. ^ Walter F., PhD. Boron. Medical Physiology: A Cellular And Molecular Approaoch . Elsevier/Saunders. 2005. ISBN  1-4160-2328-3 .   Page 849
  25. ^ Reference range for copper 於 GPnotebook
  26. ^ 26.0 26.1 存?副本 (PDF) . [ 2010-01-17 ] . （ 原始?容 (PDF) 存?于2010-03-07）.  
  27. ^ 27.0 27.1 Derived from molar values using molar mass of 65.38 g/mol
  28. ^ 28.0 28.1 Derived from mass values using molar mass of 65.38 g/mol
  29. ^ 29.0 29.1 Derived from molar values using molar mass of 24.31?g/mol
  30. ^ 30.0 30.1 Derived from mass values using molar mass of 24.31?g/mol
  31. ^ 31.00 31.01 31.02 31.03 31.04 31.05 31.06 31.07 31.08 31.09 31.10 31.11 31.12 31.13 31.14 Adeeva Nutritionals Canada > Optimal blood test values （ ?面存??? ，存于 互???案? ） Retrieved on July 9, 2009
  32. ^ Middleton, P; Kelly, A?M; Brown, J; Robertson, M. Agreement between arterial and central venous values for pH, bicarbonate, base excess, and lactate . Emergency Medicine Journal : EMJ. 2006-8, 23 (8): 622?624. ISSN 1472-0205 . PMC 2564165   可免费查阅. PMID 16858095 . doi:10.1136/emj.2006.035915 .  
  33. ^ 33.00 33.01 33.02 33.03 33.04 33.05 33.06 33.07 33.08 33.09 33.10 33.11 The Medical Education Division of the Brookside Associates--> ABG (Arterial Blood Gas) （ ?面存??? ，存于 互???案? ） Retrieved on Dec 6, 2009
  34. ^ 34.0 34.1 Derived from molar values using molar mass of 1.01?g·mol?1
  35. ^ 35.0 35.1 35.2 35.3 35.4 35.5 35.6 35.7 Derived from mmHg values using 0.133322 kPa/mmHg
  36. ^ 36.0 36.1 Derived from molar values using molar mass of 44.010 g/mol
  37. ^ 37.0 37.1 37.2 37.3 Derived from molar values using molar mass of 61 g/mol
  38. ^ Reference range (albumin) 於 GPnotebook
  39. ^ 39.0 39.1 Derived from mass using molecular weight of 65kD
  40. ^ 40.0 40.1 40.2 40.3 40.4 Derived from mass values using molar mass of 585g/mol
  41. ^ 41.0 41.1 Derived from molar values using molar mass of 585g/mol
  42. ^ 42.00 42.01 42.02 42.03 42.04 42.05 42.06 42.07 42.08 42.09 42.10 42.11 42.12 42.13 42.14 42.15 42.16 42.17 42.18 Fachworterbuch Kompakt Medizin E-D/D-E. Author: Fritz-Jurgen Nohring. Edition 2. Publisher:Elsevier, Urban&FischerVerlag, 2004. ISBN 3437151207 , 9783437151200. Length: 1288 pages
  43. ^ 43.0 43.1 43.2 43.3 GPnotebook > reference range (AST) （ ?面存??? ，存于 互???案? ） Retrieved on Dec 7, 2009
  44. ^ 44.0 44.1 Helander, A.; Vabo, E.; Levin, K.; Borg, S. Intra- and interindividual variability of carbohydrate-deficient transferrin, gamma-glutamyltransferase, and mean corpuscular volume in teetotalers . Clinical Chemistry. 1998-10, 44 (10): 2120?2125 [ 2020-12-25 ] . ISSN 0009-9147 . PMID 9761244 . （ 原始?容 存?于2021-08-09）.  
  45. ^ 45.0 45.1 Creatine kinase 於 GPnotebook
  46. ^ 46.00 46.01 46.02 46.03 46.04 46.05 46.06 46.07 46.08 46.09 46.10 46.11 46.12 46.13 46.14 46.15 Saint Francis Hospital Laboratory > BNP reference range change （ ?面存??? ，存于 互???案? ） Jay Hupp & Dr. Michel S. Medawar. Effective November, 2002
  47. ^ 47.00 47.01 47.02 47.03 47.04 47.05 47.06 47.07 47.08 47.09 The University of Iowa (UIHC) > Department of Pathology > LABORATORY SERVICES HANDBOOK > N-terminal-pro-BNP （ ?面存??? ，存于 互???案? ） Showing 95th percentiles. Epic Lab Code: LAB649. Updated: 10/27/2009
  48. ^ 48.0 48.1 48.2 48.3 Muscle Information and Courses from MediaLab, Inc. > Cardiac Biomarkers （ ?面存??? ，存于 互???案? ） Retrieved on April 22, 2010
  49. ^ 49.00 49.01 49.02 49.03 49.04 49.05 49.06 49.07 49.08 49.09 South London Healthcare NHS Trust
  50. ^ 50.0 50.1 50.2 Moderately Elevated Serum Troponin Concentrations Are Associated With Increased Morbidity and Mortality Rates in Surgical Intensive Care Unit Patients （ ?面存??? ，存于 互???案? ） Rene P. Relos, MD; Ian K. Hasinoff, MD; Greg J. Beilman, MD. Posted: 12/05/2003; Crit Care Med. 2003;31(11)
  51. ^ 51.0 51.1 Kay, Stephen E.; Doery, James; Sholl, David. Clozapine associated pericarditis and elevated troponin I . The Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry. 2002-02, 36 (1): 143?144 [ 2020-12-25 ] . ISSN 0004-8674 . PMID 11929456 . doi:10.1046/j.1440-1614.2002.0988f.x . （ 原始?容 存?于2021-08-10）.  
  52. ^ GP Notebook > range (reference, ca-125) （ ?面存??? ，存于 互???案? ） Retrieved on Jan 5, 2009
  53. ^ ClinLab Navigator > Test Interpretations > CA-125 （ ?面存??? ，存于 互???案? ） Retrieved on Jan 5, 2009
  54. ^ 54.0 54.1 Bjerner, Johan; Høgetveit, Anita; Wold Akselberg, Katrine; Vangsnes, Kirsti; Paus, Elisabeth; Bjøro, Trine; Børmer, Ole Petter; Nustad, Kjell. Reference intervals for carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), CA125, MUC1, Alfa-foeto-protein (AFP), neuron-specific enolase (NSE) and CA19.9 from the NORIP study . Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation. 2008, 68 (8): 703?713 [ 2020-12-25 ] . ISSN 1502-7686 . PMID 18609108 . doi:10.1080/00365510802126836 . （原始?容 存? 于2021-05-02）.  
  55. ^ Carcinoembryonic Antigen(CEA) （ ?面存??? ，存于 互???案? ） at MedicineNet
  56. ^ The TSH Reference Range Wars: What's "Normal?", Who is Wrong, Who is Right... （ ?面存??? ，存于 互???案? ） By Mary Shomon, About.com. Updated: June 19, 2006. About.com Health's Disease and Condition
  57. ^ 57.0 57.1 2006 Press releases: Thyroid Imbalance? Target Your Numbers （ ?面存??? ，存于 互???案? ） Contacts: Bryan Campbell American] Association of Clinical Endocrinologists
  58. ^ 58.0 58.1 The TSH Reference Range Wars: What's "Normal?", Who is Wrong, Who is Right... （ ?面存??? ，存于 互???案? ） By Mary Shomon, About.com. Updated: June 19, 2006
  59. ^ 59.0 59.1 Demers, Laurence M.; Carole A. Spencer. LMPG: Laboratory Support for the Diagnosis and Monitoring of Thyroid Disease . National Academy of Clinical Biochemistry （ 英? ： National Academy of Clinical Biochemistry ） (USA). 2002 [ 2007-04-13 ] . （原始?容 存? 于2008-11-20）.   - see Section 2. Pre-analytic factors
  60. ^ 60.00 60.01 60.02 60.03 60.04 60.05 60.06 60.07 60.08 60.09 Free T4; Thyroxine, Free; T4, Free （ ?面存??? ，存于 互???案? ） UNC Health Care System
  61. ^ 61.00 61.01 61.02 61.03 61.04 61.05 61.06 61.07 61.08 61.09 Derived from mass values using molar mass of 776.87 g/mol
  62. ^ 62.00 62.01 62.02 62.03 62.04 62.05 62.06 62.07 62.08 62.09 62.10 62.11 62.12 62.13 62.14 Table 4: Typical reference ranges for serum assays （ ?面存??? ，存于 互???案? ） - Thyroid Disease Manager
  63. ^ 63.0 63.1 63.2 63.3 Euthyroid Patient with Elevated Serum Free Thyroxine （ ?面存??? ，存于 互???案? ） George van der Watt1,a, David Haarburger1 and Peter Berman
  64. ^ 64.0 64.1 64.2 64.3 Derived from mass values using molar mass of 650.98 g/mol
  65. ^ 65.0 65.1 Serum concentration of free T3, free T4 and TSH in healthy children （ ?面存??? ，存于 互???案? ） Cioffi Michele; Gazzerro Patrizia; Vietri Maria Teresa; Magnetta Rosa; Durante Adriana; D'Auria Annamaria; Puca Giovanni Alfredo; Molinari Anna Maria ;
  66. ^ 66.0 66.1 Andrology Australia: Your Health > Low Testosterone > Diagnosis . [ 2012-12-19 ] . （ 原始?容 存?于2012-02-17）.  
  67. ^ 67.0 67.1 67.2 67.3 Derived from mass values using molar mass of 288.42g/mol
  68. ^ 68.0 68.1 68.2 68.3 68.4 68.5 68.6 Derived from molar values using molar mass of 288.42g/mol
  69. ^ 69.0 69.1 69.2 69.3 MedlinePlus > Testosterone （ ?面存??? ，存于 互???案? ） Update Date: 3/18/2008. Updated by: Elizabeth H. Holt, MD, PhD, Yale University. Review provided by VeriMed Healthcare Network. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director
  70. ^ 70.00 70.01 70.02 70.03 70.04 70.05 70.06 70.07 70.08 70.09 reference range (FSH) （ ?面存??? ，存于 互???案? ） GPnotebook. Retrieved on September 27, 2009
  71. ^ 71.0 71.1 71.2 71.3 71.4 71.5 71.6 71.7 Values taken from day 1 after LH surge in: Establishment of detailed reference values for luteinizing hormone, follicle stimulating hormone, estradiol, and progesterone during different phases of the menstrual cycle on the Abbott ARCHITECT analyzer. （ ?面存??? ，存于 互???案? ） Reto Stricker, Raphael Eberhart, Marie-Christine Chevailler, Frank A. Quinn, Paul Bischof and Rene´ Stricker. Clin Chem Lab Med 2006;44(7):883?887 PMID 16776638
  72. ^ 72.0 72.1 72.2 72.3 72.4 72.5 New York Hospital Queens > Services and Facilities > Patient Testing > Pathology > New York Hospital Queens Diagnostic Laboratories > Test Directory > Reference Ranges [ 永久失效連結 ] Retrieved on Nov 8, 2009
  73. ^ 73.00 73.01 73.02 73.03 73.04 73.05 73.06 73.07 73.08 73.09 GPNotebook - reference range (oestradiol) （ ?面存??? ，存于 互???案? ） Retrieved on September 27, 2009
  74. ^ 74.00 74.01 74.02 74.03 74.04 74.05 74.06 74.07 74.08 74.09 74.10 74.11 Derived from molar values using molar mass of 272.38g/mol
  75. ^ 75.0 75.1 75.2 75.3 Wu, C. H.; Motohashi, T.; Abdel-Rahman, H. A.; Flickinger, G. L.; Mikhail, G. Free and protein-bound plasma estradiol-17 beta during the menstrual cycle . The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. 1976-08, 43 (2): 436?445 [ 2020-12-25 ] . ISSN 0021-972X . PMID 950372 . doi:10.1210/jcem-43-2-436 . （原始?容 存? 于2021-05-02）.  
  76. ^ 76.0 76.1 Derived from molar values using molar mass of 314.46 g/mol
  77. ^ 77.0 77.1 Derived from mass values using molar mass of 4540g/mol according to PROOPIOMELANOCORTIN; NCBI --> POMC （ ?面存??? ，存于 互???案? ） Retrieved on September 28, 2009
  78. ^ Adrenocorticotropic Hormone:Normal . WebMD. 09-03-2006 [ 2008-11-09 ] . （原始?容 存? 于2008-12-22）.  
  79. ^ Derived from molar values using molar mass of 4540g/mol according to PROOPIOMELANOCORTIN; NCBI --> POMC （ ?面存??? ，存于 互???案? ） Retrieved on September 28, 2009
  80. ^ 80.0 80.1 80.2 80.3 Biochemistry Reference Ranges at Good Hope Hospital （ ?面存??? ，存于 互???案? ） Retrieved on Nov 8, 2009
  81. ^ 81.0 81.1 81.2 81.3 Derived from molar values using molar mass of 362 g/mol
  82. ^ 82.0 82.1 Derived from molar values using molar mass of 9.4 kDa
  83. ^ 83.0 83.1 Table 2 in: Aloia JF, Feuerman M, Yeh JK. Reference range for serum parathyroid hormone . Endocr Pract. 2006, 12 (2): 137?44. PMC 1482827   可免费查阅. PMID 16690460 .  
  84. ^ 84.0 84.1 Derived from mass values using molar mass of 9.4 kDa
  85. ^ 85.0 85.1 85.2 85.3 85.4 85.5 Derived from molar values using molar mass 400.6 g/mol
  86. ^ 86.0 86.1 86.2 86.3 Bender, David A. Vitamin D. Nutritional biochemistry of the vitamins . Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 2003. ISBN  0-521-80388-8 .   Retrieved December 10, 2008 through Google Book Search .
  87. ^ 87.0 87.1 87.2 87.3 Bischoff-Ferrari, H.A., Dietrich, T., Orav, J.E., Hu, F.B., Zhang, Y., Karlson, E., Dawson-Hughes, B. 2004. Higher 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels are associated with better lower extremity function in both active and inactive adults 60+ years of age. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 80:752-758.
  88. ^ 88.0 88.1 88.2 88.3 Reusch, J.; Ackermann, H.; Badenhoop, K. Cyclic changes of vitamin D and PTH are primarily regulated by solar radiation: 5-year analysis of a German (50 degrees N) population . Hormone and Metabolic Research = Hormon- Und Stoffwechselforschung = Hormones Et Metabolisme. 2009-05, 41 (5): 402?407 [ 2020-12-25 ] . ISSN 1439-4286 . PMID 19241329 . doi:10.1055/s-0028-1128131 . （原始?容 存? 于2021-05-01）.  
  89. ^ 89.0 89.1 89.2 89.3 89.4 89.5 89.6 89.7 Vasquez, Alex; Cannell, John. Calcium and vitamin D in preventing fractures: Data are not sufficient to show inefficacy . BMJ. 2005-07-07, 331 (7508): 108?109 [ 2020-12-25 ] . ISSN 0959-8138 . PMID 16002891 . doi:10.1136/bmj.331.7508.108-b . （原始?容 存? 于2018-06-03） （英?） .  
  90. ^ 90.0 90.1 90.2 90.3 90.4 90.5 90.6 90.7 The Doctor's Doctor: Homocysteine . [ 2012-12-19 ] . （ 原始?容 存?于2008-12-05）.  
  91. ^ 91.0 91.1 91.2 91.3 91.4 91.5 91.6 91.7 Derived from molar values using molar massof 135 g/mol
  92. ^ 92.0 92.1 92.2 92.3 92.4 92.5 Central Manchester University Hospitals --> Reference ranges （ ?面存??? ，存于 互???案? ） Retrieved on July 9, 2009
  93. ^ University of Kentucky Chandler Medical Center > Clinical Lab Reference Range Guide （ ?面存??? ，存于 互???案? ） Retrieved on April 28, 2009
  94. ^ 94.0 94.1 94.2 94.3 94.4 Derived from mass values using molar mass of 441 mol?1
  95. ^ 95.0 95.1 95.2 95.3 95.4 95.5 95.6 GPnotebook > B12 （ ?面存??? ，存于 互???案? ） Retrieved on April 28, 2009
  96. ^ 96.0 96.1 Derived form molar values using molar mass of 1355g/mol
  97. ^ 97.0 97.1 Derived from mass values using molar mass of 1355g/mol
  98. ^ 98.0 98.1 Derived from mass values using molar mass of 176 grams per mol
  99. ^ 99.0 99.1 99.2 For 醉酒駕? by country, see Drunk driving law by country （ 英? ： Drunk driving law by country ）
  100. ^ Derived from mass values using molar mass of 46g/mol
  101. ^ 101.0 101.1 101.2 101.3 101.4 Derived from mass values using 64,500 g/mol, according to Van Beekvelt MC, Colier WN, Wevers RA, Van Engelen BG. Performance of near-infrared spectroscopy in measuring local O2 consumption and blood flow in skeletal muscle . J Appl Physiol. 2001, 90 (2): 511?519. PMID 11160049 .  
  102. ^ 102.0 102.1 102.2 102.3 Derived from mass concentration, using molar mass of 64,458 g/mol ( Van Beekvelt MC, Colier WN, Wevers RA, Van Engelen BG. Performance of near-infrared spectroscopy in measuring local O2 consumption and blood flow in skeletal muscle . J Appl Physiol. 2001, 90 (2): 511?519. PMID 11160049 .   ). 1 g/dL = 0.1551 mmol/L
  103. ^ 103.0 103.1 103.2 103.3 103.4 103.5 103.6 103.7 lymphomation.org > Tests & Imaging > Labs > Complete Blood Count （ ?面存??? ，存于 互???案? ） Retrieved on May 14, 2009
  104. ^ 104.00 104.01 104.02 104.03 104.04 104.05 104.06 104.07 104.08 104.09 104.10 104.11 104.12 104.13 104.14 104.15 104.16 104.17 104.18 104.19 104.20 Clinical Laboratory Medicine. By Kenneth D. McClatchey. Page 807. . [ 2012-12-19 ] . （原始?容 存? 于2012-11-12）.  
  105. ^ Determination of monocyte count by hematological analyzers, manual method and flow cytometry in polish population Central European Journal of Immunology 1-2/2006. (Centr Eur J Immunol 2006; 31 (1-2): 1-5) authors: El?bieta Gorska, Urszula Demkow, Roman Pi?kowski, Barbara Jakubczak, Dorota Matuszewicz, Jolanta Gaw?da, Wioletta Rzeszotarska, Maria W?sik,
  106. ^ 106.0 106.1 MedlinePlus百科全? 003652
  107. ^ 107.0 107.1 [1] （ ?面存??? ，存于 互???案? ） Retrieved on November 20, 2009
  108. ^ 108.0 108.1 Miller, A.; Green, M.; Robinson, D. Simple rule for calculating normal erythrocyte sedimentation rate . British Medical Journal (Clinical Research Ed.). 1983-01-22, 286 (6361): 266 [ 2020-12-25 ] . ISSN 0267-0623 . PMC 1546487   可免费查阅. PMID 6402065 . doi:10.1136/bmj.286.6361.266 . （原始?容 存? 于2021-05-02）.  
  109. ^ Bottiger, L. E.; Svedberg, C. A. Normal erythrocyte sedimentation rate and age . British Medical Journal. 1967-04-08, 2 (5544): 85?87 [ 2020-12-25 ] . ISSN 0007-1447 . PMC 1841240   可免费查阅. PMID 6020854 . doi:10.1136/bmj.2.5544.85 . （原始?容 存? 于2021-05-02）.  
  110. ^ C-reactive protein 於 GPnotebook
  111. ^ 2730 Serum C-Reactive Protein values in Diabetics with Periodontal Disease （ ?面存??? ，存于 互???案? ） A.R. Choudhury, and S. Rahman, Birdem, Diabetic Association of Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh. (the diabetics were not used to determine the reference ranges)
  112. ^ 112.0 112.1 112.2 112.3 Derived from mass using molar mass of 25,106 g/mol
  113. ^ 113.0 113.1 Sipahi, Tansu; Kara, Cengiz; Tavil, Betul; Inci, Ay?e; Oksal, Ay?egul. Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency: an overlooked cause of late hemorrhagic disease of the newborn . Journal of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology. 2003-03, 25 (3): 274?275 [ 2020-12-25 ] . ISSN 1077-4114 . PMID 12621252 . doi:10.1097/00043426-200303000-00019 . （原始?容 存? 于2021-05-02）.  
  114. ^ 114.0 114.1 Derived from mass values using molar mass of 44324.5 g/mol
  115. ^ 115.0 115.1 Derived from molar values using molar mass of 44324.5 g/mol
  116. ^ 116.00 116.01 116.02 116.03 116.04 116.05 116.06 116.07 116.08 116.09 The Society for American Clinical Laboratory Science > Chemistry Tests > Immunoglobulins （ ?面存??? ，存于 互???案? ） Retrieved on Nov 26, 2009
  117. ^ 117.00 117.01 117.02 117.03 117.04 117.05 117.06 117.07 117.08 117.09 117.10 117.11 117.12 117.13 117.14 117.15 117.16 117.17 117.18 117.19 117.20 117.21 117.22 117.23 117.24 117.25 117.26 117.27 117.28 117.29 117.30 117.31 117.32 117.33 117.34 117.35 117.36 117.37 117.38 117.39 117.40 117.41 117.42 chronolab.com > Autoantibodies associated with rheumatic diseases > Reference ranges （ ?面存??? ，存于 互???案? ） Retrieved on April 29, 2010
  118. ^ Reference range (amylase) 於 GPnotebook
  119. ^ Plasma Measurement of D-Dimer Levels for the Early Diagnosis of Ischemic Stroke Subtypes （ ?面存??? ，存于 互???案? ） Walter Ageno, MD; Sergio Finazzi, MD; Luigi Steidl, MD; Maria Grazia Biotti, MD; Valentina Mera, MD; GianVico Melzi d'Eril, MD; Achille Venco, MD. Arch Intern Med. 2002;162:2589-2593.
  120. ^ Kline, Jeffrey A.; Williams, Ginger W.; Hernandez-Nino, Jackeline. D-dimer concentrations in normal pregnancy: new diagnostic thresholds are needed . Clinical Chemistry. 2005-05, 51 (5): 825?829 [ 2020-12-25 ] . ISSN 0009-9147 . PMID 15764641 . doi:10.1373/clinchem.2004.044883 . （原始?容 存? 于2021-05-01）.  
  121. ^ 121.0 121.1 Gardner, M D; Scott, R. Age- and sex-related reference ranges for eight plasma constituents derived from randomly selected adults in a Scottish new town. . Journal of Clinical Pathology. 1980-04, 33 (4): 380?385. ISSN 0021-9746 . PMC 1146084   可免费查阅. PMID 7400337 . doi:10.1136/jcp.33.4.380 .  
  122. ^ 122.0 122.1 122.2 122.3 Finney, H.; Newman, D. J.; Price, C. P. Adult reference ranges for serum cystatin C, creatinine and predicted creatinine clearance . Annals of Clinical Biochemistry. 2000-01,. 37 ( Pt 1): 49?59 [ 2020-12-25 ] . ISSN 0004-5632 . PMID 10672373 . doi:10.1258/0004563001901524 . （原始?容 存? 于2021-05-01）.  
  123. ^ 123.0 123.1 123.2 123.3 123.4 123.5 123.6 123.7 Derived from molar values by multiplying with the molar mass of 113.118 g/mol, and divided by 10.000 to adapt from μg/L to mg/dL
  124. ^ 124.0 124.1 MedlinePlus百科全? Glucose tolerance test
  125. ^ 125.0 125.1 125.2 Derived from molar values using molar mass of 180g/mol
  126. ^ 126.0 126.1 126.2 126.3 Derived from mass values using molar mass of 90.08 g/mol
  127. ^ 127.0 127.1 Derived from mass values using molar mass of 88.06 g/mol
  128. ^ 128.0 128.1 128.2 128.3 128.4 128.5 Derived from values in mg/dl to mmol/l, by dividing by 89, according to faqs.org: What are mg/dl and mmol/l? How to convert? Glucose? Cholesterol? （ ?面存??? ，存于 互???案? ） Last Update July 21, 2009. Retrieved on July 21, 2009
  129. ^ 129.0 129.1 129.2 129.3 Derived from values in mg/dl to mmol/l, using molar mass of 386.65 g/mol
  130. ^ 130.0 130.1 130.2 Reference range (cholesterol) 於 GPnotebook
  131. ^ 131.0 131.1 131.2 131.3 131.4 131.5 131.6 131.7 Royal College of Pathologists of Australasia; Cholesterol (HDL and LDL) - plasma or serum （ ?面存??? ，存于 互???案? ） Last Updated: Monday, 6 August 2007
  132. ^ 132.00 132.01 132.02 132.03 132.04 132.05 132.06 132.07 132.08 132.09 Derived from values in mmol/l, using molar mass of 386.65 g/mol
  133. ^ What Your Cholesterol Levels Mean. （ ?面存??? ，存于 互???案? ） American Heart Association. Retrieved on September 12, 2009
  134. ^ American Association for Clinical Chemistry; HDL Cholesterol . [ 2012-12-19 ] . （ 原始?容 存?于2001-09-03）.  

???目 [ ?? ]

外部?接 [ ?? ]


代??合?目／
血?渗透?
BMP ： ?解? （ Na + ／ K + 、 Cl - ／ HCO 3 - ）  · ?功能 、 尿素?肌?比 （ BUN ／ 肌? ）  · 葡萄糖  · Ca
CMP ：BMP＋蛋白????目（ 人血?白蛋白 、 血??蛋白 ）  · 肝功能???目 （ ALP 、 ALT 、 AST 、 ??素 ）
?
酸?平衡
凝血
血液糖?
?分泌
CBC ／ ??胞指?
MCH  · MCHC  · MCV  · HCT
感染
炎症
胎?血?蛋白
其他
取自“ https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=血液???目正常?考?范?&oldid=72794234 ”