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內容
疑欠准?
,有待?證。
(
2013年6月12日
)
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存廢討論
。
|
第二次世界大?
Operation
Crossbow
十字弓行動
|
---|
Strategic bombing campaigns in Europe
的一部分
|
The
La Coupole
V-2 launch site at Wizernes in France was a "Heavy Crossbow" target
|
日期
| August 1943 ? May 2, 1945
|
---|
地点
| |
---|
?果
|
Delayed use but "limited effect" on production
|
---|
|
??方
|
---|
英?
美?
加拿大
|
納粹德國
|
兵力
|
---|
Sorties/bomb tonnage:
Total
: 68,913/122,133
[3]
RAF
: 19,584/72,141
USAAF
: 17,211/30,350
|
V-1 launches: 9,251
[5]
(8000 targeting London,
[6]
2,448 targetting Antwerp)
V-2 launches:
1664
,
1402
,
76
,
19
,
11
(
Ludendorff Bridge
)
|
?亡??失
|
---|
Airmen/aircraft:
British civilians killed/
seriously injured:
- V-1: 6,184/17,981
- V-2: 2,754/6,523
[5]
French civilians: 3,600 killed, about 10,000 wounded by Allied bombing
|
V-1: 4,261 destroyed
by
AA guns
(1,878),
barrage balloons
(231),
and fighters (1,846):
[a]
V-2: 51/117 killed/wounded,
48/69 rockets/vehicles
damaged
|
十字弓行動
(
Operation Crossbow
)是
英國皇家空軍
在
二戰
中的行動,他們拍下
歐洲淪陷區
內所有地貌,再藉著3D立體定位、辨識後,有效??
納粹
的導彈,使英軍在後續
諾曼地登陸
時更具威脅,也縮短整個戰爭的時程。
[12]
注釋
[
??
]
?考?料
[
??
]
- ^
Krause, Merric E.
From theater missile defense to anti-missile offensive actions: A near-term strategic approach for the USAF
(PDF)
(?位?文).
School of Advanced Airpower Studies, Air University
: 11. June 1988
[
2008-10-23
]
. (原始?容
存?
(PDF)
于2008-10-29).
- ^
5.0
5.1
Charman, Terry,
The V Weapons Campaign Against Britain 1944?1945
(PDF)
, Imperial War Museum,
[
April 9,
2013]
, (
原始?容
(PDF)
存?于2014-03-19)
- ^
von Braun, Wernher (Estate of)
;
Ordway III, Frederick I.
& Dooling, David Jr.
Space Travel: A History
1st. New York: Harper & Row. 1985:
105
[1975].
ISBN
0-06-181898-4
.
- ^
Russell, Edward T,
Leaping the Atlantic Wall: Army Air Forces Campaigns in Western Europe, 1942?1945
(PDF)
, The U.S. Army Air Forces in World War II, United States Air Force History and Museums Program: 27, 1999
[
March 19,
2014]
, (
原始?容
(PDF)
存?于2004-06-27)
- ^
二戰「十字弓行動」 小小立體鏡粉碎希特勒的致命導彈 | 新奇新聞|NOWnews 今日新聞網
.
[
2013-06-12
]
. (原始?容
存?
于2012-01-11).
參考文獻
[
??
]
- Collier, Basil. The Battle of the V-Weapons, 1944?1945. Yorkshire: The Emfield Press. 1976 [1964].
ISBN
0-7057-0070-4
.
- Cooksley, Peter G.
Flying Bomb
. New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons. 1979.
ISBN
0-684-16284-9
.
- D'Olier, Franklin,
The Secondary Campaigns
, United States Strategic Bombing Survey, Summary Report (European War): 12, September 30, 1945
[
March 23,
2020]
, (
原始?容
存?于2013-11-05) –通?Hyperwar Foundation
- Zaloga, Steven J. Operation Crossbow 1944: Hunting Hitler's V-weapons. Oxford: Osprey Publishing. 2018.
ISBN
978-1-4728-2614-5
.
- Total Crossbow Offensive Effort by Air Forces
. V-Weapons (Crossbow) Campaign. AllWorldWars.com.
[
2009-03-22
]
. (
原始?容
存?于2019-08-30).
- Hillson, Franklin J. (Maj).
Barrage Balloons for Low-Level Air Defense
. Air Chronicles; Airpower Journal. Summer 1989
[
2007-05-07
]
. (
原始?容
存?于2007-05-01).
|
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| | | V-1飛行炸彈
| |
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| V-2火箭
| |
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| 生?地與發射存放地
| |
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| 盟軍
對策
| |
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| 戰後發展
| |
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| 相關
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|