????????

????????
Beijing
???????? ; Beijing 北京
	??????????
	???????? ?????????? ? 北京市
	?????????? , ???????? ????? ???????, ?????????? ?????? , ???????? ????? ?????,
????	?????? ????? ????????
????????? ; - County-level ; - Township-level	; 16 ???????????, 2 ?????????? ; 289 ?????????? ????????????
????
? ???	????????
? ??????? ??????	???? ??
? ??? ????????	???? ????????
????????
? ??????????	16,801.25 km 2 (6,487.00 sq mi)
??????	43.5 m (142.7 ft)
?????????? (2010)
? ??????????	1,96,12,368
? ????????	1,200/km 2 (3,000/sq mi)
? ???????? ???????	Population: 26???; ; Density: 4???
????	Beijinger
??????? ?????????????
? ????	96%
? ?????	2%
? ????	2%
? ??????????	0.3%
??? ?????	????+8 (??? ?? ?????)
?????? ????????	1000 00 ? 1026 29
Area code	10
GDP	2010
- ???????	CNY 1,377.79 ????. ; US$ 209.3 ????. (13???)
- ????????	CNY 70,251 ; US$ 10,672 (3???)
- ????????	10.2%
???? (2008)	0.891 (2???) ? high
??????????????	京A, C, E, F, H, J, K, L, M, N, P ; 京B (??????????????) ; 京G, Y (???????? ??????) ; 京O (?????????) ; 京V (?????????) (????????, ; ?????? ????)
??? ???????	Platycladus orientalis'
	Pagoda tree
????? ???????	??? ????
	?????????????
????????	www.ebeijing.gov.cn

???????? ( ????? : 北京, ?????? "?? ????????") ??? ?????? ?????????? ???????????? . ??? ?? ???????? ????????????. ???????? ???????? ??????????? ??????? ?????? ???? ??????? ????? ???????????.

????????????? [ ???? ]

????? 3000 ????????? ???????? ????? ?? ?????????? ???????????? ????????????????. ???????? ?????? ??? ???????? ?????????? ?? ???????????. ???????????? ?? ??????????? ?????????????????? ????????????? ???????? 1403 ??? ???? ????????????? ??????????? ???????? ?????????????.

?????? [ ???? ]

???????? ????? 250,000 ???????? ????? ?????????. ???????????? ??? ?????????????? ???????????? ?????????????????? ?????????????????, ???????? ?????? ????????????? ????????? ???????????????????. ???????????? ????? ????? ??????? ??????, ??.??.11??? ?????????? ????? ??.??.7??? ?????????? ?????? ?????????????? '??' ????? ????? ??????????. ???????? ????????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ??????????????? ??????? ???? ?? ????? ??????????????. ??????? ??? ??????????????? ????? ??????????????????? ???????? 1949 ???????? ??????? ????? ?? ?? ?????????? ?????? ????? ???????? ???????????????????????? ???????? ???????? ?? ??????????????.

????????? [ ???? ]

??????????? ??????? ?????? ????? ?? ??? ?????????? ???????? ????????? ???????? ????????????. ??? ??????, ???????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ???????????????.

???? [ ???? ]

???????? ?????????? ????? ??????????? ??????????? ????? ?????????????????. ???????? 16 ??????? ?????????? ???????????????????. ???????? 14 ???????????????? 2 ??????????????? ?????????????.

?????????? [ ???? ]

???????????? ?? ??????? ??????? ????? ???????????? ????????? ?????????????. ???????? 2008 ????????? ???????????? ????????? ????????????. ??? ???? 2001??? ????? ??????????????????????????? ????????????????????? ??????? 1990??? ???? ???????????? ????????? ????????? ????? ???????? ??????? ?????????? ??????????????.

???????????? [ ???? ]

?? ???????? ??? ?????????? ???????????? ?????? ???????? ??????????????. ??? ?????? ?????? ?????????????, ??????? ????? ?????????????, ??? ?????? ??????????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??????????? ??????? ??????????? ????? ???????? ????????????. ???????? ??????? ????????? ????? ??????? ??? ??????????????? ?????? 20 ??????????? ??????????????. ??? ?????? ??????? ??????? ????????????? ????? ???????????? ?????????? ????????????????????.

??????????? [ ???? ]

???????? ?????? ????????? ???????? ????? ?????????? ?????? ???????? ??????????????. ????????? ??????? ????????? ??????? ???????????????? ????????????.

??????? ??????? [ ???? ]

??????????????? ?????? ????? ??????? ????????? ????? ????????? ??????? ??????? ??????????????????? ???????????. ?????? ????????, ?????????, ???????????, ????????, ???????? ???? ??????? ????? ???????????? ?? ??????????? ????? ?????????? ???????? ???????????? ?????????????.

??????/????? ???????? [ ???? ]

???????? ?? ?????? ???????? ?????? ????? ?????????? ???????????. ??? ???????????? ??????? ????????? ???????????? ?????????????.

???????? , ??????? (1979) ?????????? , ???????? (1980) ???? ?????? , ?????? ????????? (1980) ^[4] ???? , ???? (1983) ?????????, ??. ??. , ?????? ????????? (1984) ^[5] ??????? , ???????? (1985) ???? ?? ????? , ???????? (1986) ??? ? ???????? , ???????? (1987) ?????? , ??????? (1988) ?????????? , ????????? (1989) ??????? , ???????? (1990) ??????? , ???????? (1990) ?????? , ??????? (1990) ????????? , ???????????(1992) ???? , ??????? ^[6] ???? ?????? , ???????? ^[7]^[8]	??????????? , ?????????? (1993) ???????? , ?????????? (1993) ?????? ?????? , ??????????? (1993) ???? , ??????? (1993) ?????? , ???? ?????? (1993) ???????????? , ??????????? (1994) ???????? , ??????? (1994) ???????? , ????????? (1994) ????? , ????????? (1994) ?????? , ????? (1995) ???????? (?????????????? ??????? ????????????), ?????????????? (1998) ??????? , ???? (1999) ?????? , ??????????? (2000) ^[9] ??????? , ?????? (2005) ???????????? , ???????? (2005) ?????????? , ??????? (2005)	????? , ?????? (2005) ????? , ???????????? (2005) ^[10] ????? ????? , ??????????? (2006) ??????? , ?????????? (2006) ?????????? , ?????????? (2006) ?????? , ?????? ?????????? (2006) ???? ????? , ??????? (2006) ????????? , ???????????? (2006) ??????? , ????????????? (2007) ?????? , ????????? (2007) ^[11] ???? , ??????? (2008) ???? ?????? , ???? (2008) ???? ???? , ?????? ?????? (2009) ????? , ?????????? (2010) ??????? , ?????????? (2011) ?????????????? , ?????????? (2012)

??????????? [ ???? ]

↑ "Township divisions" . the Official Website of the Beijing Government. Archived from the original on 25 ???????? 2018 . ????????????? ???? 22 July 2009 . {{ cite web }}: Check date values in: |archive-date= ( help )
↑ "Communique of the National Bureau of Statistics of People's Republic of China on Major Figures of the 2010 Population Census" . National Bureau of Statistics of China. Archived from the original on 2019-01-07 . ????????????? ???? 2011-11-09 .
↑ "北京市2010年?"十一五"期??民??和社??展??公?" . Bjstats.gov.cn. 2011-02-21. Archived from the original on 2012-03-28 . ????????????? ???? 2011-10-31 .
↑ "NYC's Sister Cities" . Sister City Program of the City of New York. 2006. Archived from the original on 14 ?????????? 2008 . ????????????? ???? 1 September 2008 . {{ cite web }}: Check date values in: |archivedate= ( help )
↑ "Protocol and International Affairs" . DC Office of the Secretary. Archived from the original on 13 ?? 2008 . ????????????? ???? 12 July 2008 .
↑ "Twin cities of Riga" . Riga City Council. Archived from the original on 26 ???????? 2018 . ????????????? ???? 27 July 2009 . {{ cite web }}: Check date values in: |archive-date= ( help )
↑ "Prefeitura.Sp ? Descentralized Cooperation" . Archived from the original on 2008-12-24 . ????????????? ???? 2013-07-18 .
↑ "International Relations ? Sao Paulo City Hall ? Official Sister Cities" . Prefeitura.sp.gov.br . ????????????? ???? 1 June 2010 .
↑ "Canberra's international relationships ? Canberra's international relationships" . cmd.act.gov.au. Archived from the original on 12 ??????? 2009 . ????????????? ???? 20 October 2009 .
↑ "Sister Cities of Manila" . 2008?2009 City Government of Manila . Archived from the original on 7 ???? 2008 . ????????????? ???? 2 July 2009 . {{ cite web }}: Check date values in: |archivedate= ( help ) ; External link in |publisher= ( help )
↑ "Twinning Cities: International Relations" (PDF) . Municipality of Tirana . tirana.gov.al. Archived from the original (PDF) on 16 ???????? 2008 . ????????????? ???? 23 June 2009 . {{ cite web }}: Check date values in: |archive-date= ( help )

???? ?????????? [ ???? ]

????????????????? ????? ??????????? ^{[
??????????? ???????
]} (???????)

[hist-1] "Township divisions" . the Official Website of the Beijing Government. Archived from the original on 25 ???????? 2018 . ????????????? ???? 22 July 2009 . {{ cite web }}: Check date values in: |archive-date= ( help )

[Census2010-2] "Communique of the National Bureau of Statistics of People's Republic of China on Major Figures of the 2010 Population Census" . National Bureau of Statistics of China. Archived from the original on 2019-01-07 . ????????????? ???? 2011-11-09 .

[3] "北京市2010年?"十一五"期??民??和社??展??公?" . Bjstats.gov.cn. 2011-02-21. Archived from the original on 2012-03-28 . ????????????? ???? 2011-10-31 .

[4] "NYC's Sister Cities" . Sister City Program of the City of New York. 2006. Archived from the original on 14 ?????????? 2008 . ????????????? ???? 1 September 2008 . {{ cite web }}: Check date values in: |archivedate= ( help )

[Washington_DC-5] "Protocol and International Affairs" . DC Office of the Secretary. Archived from the original on 13 ?? 2008 . ????????????? ???? 12 July 2008 .

[6] "Twin cities of Riga" . Riga City Council. Archived from the original on 26 ???????? 2018 . ????????????? ???? 27 July 2009 . {{ cite web }}: Check date values in: |archive-date= ( help )

[São_Paulo-7] "Prefeitura.Sp ? Descentralized Cooperation" . Archived from the original on 2008-12-24 . ????????????? ???? 2013-07-18 .

[São_Paulo2-8] "International Relations ? Sao Paulo City Hall ? Official Sister Cities" . Prefeitura.sp.gov.br . ????????????? ???? 1 June 2010 .

[Canberra-9] "Canberra's international relationships ? Canberra's international relationships" . cmd.act.gov.au. Archived from the original on 12 ??????? 2009 . ????????????? ???? 20 October 2009 .

[Manila.Gov-10] "Sister Cities of Manila" . 2008?2009 City Government of Manila . Archived from the original on 7 ???? 2008 . ????????????? ???? 2 July 2009 . {{ cite web }}: Check date values in: |archivedate= ( help ) ; External link in |publisher= ( help )

[International_relations-11] "Twinning Cities: International Relations" (PDF) . Municipality of Tirana . tirana.gov.al. Archived from the original (PDF) on 16 ???????? 2008 . ????????????? ???? 23 June 2009 . {{ cite web }}: Check date values in: |archive-date= ( help )

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