Lojerat Olimpike
moderne ose
Olimpiada
(
anglisht
:
Olympic Games
;
frengjisht
:
Jeux Olympiques
) jane nje ngjarje sportive nderkombetare e sporteve
verore
dhe
dimerore
ne te cilat mijera atlete nga e gjithe bota marrin pjese ne nje larmi garash. Lojerat Olimpike konsiderohen garat me te medha sportive ne bote me me shume se 200 vende pjesemarrese. Lojerat Olimpike mbahen cdo kater vjet, me
Lojerat Verore
dhe
Lojerat Dimerore te
alternuara cdo kater vjet, me nga dy vjet larg njera tjetres.
Fillimi i riorganizimit te Lojerave Olimpike moderne u frymezua nga
Lojerat Olimpike Antike
, te cilat mbaheshin ne Olimp, te Greqise, nga shekulli VIII p.e.s. deri ne shekullin e IV te eres sone.
Baroni Pierre de Coubertin
si themelues i
Komitetit Olimpik Nderkombetar
(IOC) ne vitin 1894, njekohesisht beri edhe rifillimin e organizimit te lojerave te para moderne olimpike ne Athine ne vitin 1896.
Komiteti Olimpik Nderkombetar
eshte organi drejtues i Levizjes Olimpike, me Karten Olimpike qe percakton strukturen dhe autoritetin e saj.
Evolucioni i Levizjes Olimpike gjate shekujve XX dhe XXI ka rezultuar ne disa ndryshime ne Lojerat Olimpike. Disa nga keto rregulla perfshijne themeimin e
Lojerave Olimpike Dimerore
per sportet e bores dhe akullit, Lojerat Paralimpike per atletet me aftesi te kufizuara, Lojerat Olimpike Rinore per sportistet e moshes 14 deri ne 18 vjec, pese lojerat kontinentale ( Pan Amerikane, Afrikane,
Aziatike
, etj.) Evropiane, dhe Paqesorit ), si dhe Lojerat Boterore per sporte qe nuk kontestohen ne Lojerat Olimpike. Olimpiada e te Shurdherve dhe Olimpiada Speciale gjithashtu jane miratuar nga
IOC
e cila eshte dashur te pershtatet me nje larmi perparimesh ekonomike, politike dhe teknologjike. Abuzimi i rregullave amatore nga vendet e Bllokut Lindor beri qe
IOC
te largohej nga amatorizmi i paster, sic eshte parashikuar nga Coubertin, ne lejimin e pjesemarrjes se atleteve profesioniste. Rendesia ne rritje e mediave masive krijoi ceshtjen e sponsorizimit te korporatave dhe komercializimit te Lojerave. Lufterat boterore cuan ne anulimin e Lojerave te viteve 1916, 1940 dhe 1944. Bojkotime te medha gjate
Luftes se Ftohte kane
kufizuar pjesemarrjen ne Lojerat e viti 1980 dhe 1984 .
[1]
Levizja Olimpike perbehet nga federatat nderkombetare sportive (IF), Komitete Olimpike Kombetare (NOC), dhe komitete organizuese per cdo Loje Olimpike specifike. Si organ vendimmarres,
IOC
eshte pergjegjes per zgjedhjen e qytetit prites per secilin organizim perfshire ketu edhe financimin e Lojerave sipas Kartes Olimpike.
IOC
gjithashtu percakton programin Olimpik, i cili perbehet nga sportet qe do te kontestohen ne Lojera. Ekzistojne disa rituale dhe simbole olimpike, te tilla si flamuri olimpik dhe
pishtari
, si dhe ceremonite e hapjes dhe mbylljes . Mbi 14,000 atlete garuan ne
Lojerat Olimpike Verore 2016
dhe Olimpiaden Dimerore 2018 te kombinuara, ne 35 sporte te ndryshme dhe mbi 400 ngjarje sportive.
[2]
[3]
Perfundimtaret e vendit te pare, te dyte dhe te trete ne cdo ngjarje marrin medalje olimpike : perkatesisht medalje ari, argjendi dhe bronzi.
Lojerat jane rritur aq shume sa qe tani perfaqesohet pothuajse cdo komb. Kjo rritje ka krijuar sfida dhe polemika te shumta, duke perfshire bojkotin, dopingun, ryshfetin dhe nje sulm terrorist ne vitin 1972 . Cdo dy vjet Olimpiada dhe ekspozimi i saj ne media u japin mundesi atleteve te arrijne fame kombetare dhe nganjehere nderkombetare. Lojerat gjithashtu perbejne nje mundesi qe qyteti nikoqir dhe vendi te shfaqen para botes.
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