Kingdom of Norway
|
---|
|
Motto:
Royal
:
Alt for Norge
("Everything for Norway")
1814
Eidsvoll oath
:
Enig og tro til
Dovre
faller
("United and loyal until the mountains of Dovre crumble")
|
Anthem:
Ja, vi elsker dette landet
("Yes, we love this country")
|
|
Capital
and largest city
| Oslo
59°56′N
10°41′E
/
59.933°N 10.683°E
/
59.933; 10.683
|
---|
Official languages
| Norwegian
(
Bokmal
and
Nynorsk
)
|
---|
Recognised regional languages
| Northern Sami
,
Lule Sami
,
Kven
and
Southern Sami
|
---|
Ethnic groups
| 81%
Norwegians
,
[1]
2%
Sami
,
[2]
17% other
[1]
|
---|
Demonym(s)
| Norwegian
|
---|
Government
| Unitary
parliamentary democracy
and
constitutional monarchy
|
---|
|
| King Harald V
|
---|
| Jonas Gahr Støre
(
Ap
)
|
---|
| Masud Gharahkhani
(
Ap
)
(2021?)
|
---|
| Toril Marie Øie
(2016)
|
---|
| Ap
,
Sp
[3]
|
---|
|
Legislature
| Stortinget
L
Samediggi
|
---|
|
|
| 872
|
---|
| 17 May 1814
|
---|
| 7 June 1905
|
---|
| 8 May 1945
|
---|
|
|
? Total
| 385,207
[4]
km
2
(148,729 sq mi) (
67th
1
)
|
---|
? Water (%)
| 5.7
3
|
---|
|
? 2024 estimate
| 5,550,203
[5]
(
120th
)
|
---|
? 2001 census
| 4,858,200
|
---|
? Density
| 14.4/km
2
(37.3/sq mi) (
213th
)
|
---|
GDP
(
PPP
)
| 2010 estimate
|
---|
? Total
| $255.285 billion
[6]
|
---|
? Per capita
| $52,012
[6]
|
---|
GDP
(nominal)
| 2010 estimate
|
---|
? Total
| $414.462 billion
[6]
|
---|
? Per capita
| $84,443
[6]
|
---|
Gini
(2000)
| 25.8
low
·
5th
|
---|
HDI
(2022)
| 0.966
[7]
very high
·
2nd
|
---|
Currency
| Norwegian krone
(
NOK
)
|
---|
Time zone
| UTC
+1
(
CET
)
|
---|
| UTC
+2
(
CEST
)
|
---|
Date format
| dd.mm.yyyy
|
---|
Driving side
| right
|
---|
Calling code
| 47
|
---|
ISO 3166 code
| NO
|
---|
Internet TLD
| .no
2
|
---|
- Includes
Svalbard
and
Jan Mayen
. (Without these two areas, the area of Norway is 323,802 km
2
, placing it 67th in the world.
[8]
)
- Two more TLDs have been assigned, but
to date
not used:
.sj
for Svalbard and Jan Mayen;
.bv
for
Bouvet Island
.
- This percentage is for the mainland and also includes glaciers
[9]
|
Norway
is a
country
in the north of
Europe
. It is the western part of the
Scandinavian
peninsula
. The
mainland
of Norway is surrounded by the
North Sea
and
Atlantic Ocean
on the west side, and
borders
Russia
,
Finland
, and
Sweden
to the east. The southern coast touches the
Oslofjord
,
Skagerrak
, and the
North Sea
.
The Monarchy of Norway has been
independent
since 1814. Its
head of state
is a king -
Harald the 5th
(as of 2022). The national day is May 17, which celebrates Norway's
constitution
of 1814. The parliament is called
Stortinget
and its members are
elected
by the people every 4 years.
About 5 million people live in Norway. The
capital
is the city of
Oslo
.
Norwegian
is the national language. There are two official written versions of Norwegian called
Bokmal
and
Nynorsk
.
The
Northern Sami
language is spoken by around 90% of those who speak one of Norway's 3 Sami languages.
[11]
Northern Sami is also an official language in a number of
municipalities
.
The battle of Hafrsfjord (872 A.D.) resulted in small kingdoms becoming one larger kingdom, ruled by
Harald Fairhair
. After the king's death, again there were smaller kingdoms, inside Norway.
[12]
Stockfish
(or fish that has been
freeze
-
dried
, outside in cold weather) has been traded and
exported
; this happened as early as either the
9th century
,
[13]
10th century, or 11th century until 1066.
[14]
Other sources say that the exporting was happening as early as the 12th century; stockfish is one of the country's oldest [type of]
things
to be sold for export.
[14]
In 1349 half of the Norwegian people died, getting sick from the
bubonic plague (or Black Death)
.
When
a Norwegian king
died in 1387, there was no king in Norway until the
20th century
.
In 1397, Denmark, Norway and Sweden began the
Kalmar Union
.
The first [known]
map
, where Norway is drawn, was made in 1482.
[15]
[16]
Sweden left the
Kalmar Union
in 1523. From 1536/1537, Denmark and Norway formed a
personal union
that by 1660 became the state called
Denmark?Norway
; Norway was the weaker part of the union with
Denmark
. That union lasted until 1814,
[17]
[18]
when the
Treaty of Kiel
said that Norway be
ceded
(or given) to Sweden; Denmark did not cede the
Faroe Islands
, Iceland, and Greenland
The Norwegian
constitution
was written in 1814 and signed on 17th May that year. However, Denmark, on the losing side of the
Napoleon
wars, lost Norway to
Sweden
, on the winning side.
A
Swedish?Norwegian War
started on 26 July 1814. It ended on 14 August, because of an
agreement
, called the
Convention of Moss
.
The union with Sweden
: It started on 14 August 1814, when the
Convention of Moss
(en)
was signed;
[19]
the union went on for 90 years.
The results of the election in 1882, led to
parlamentarism
becoming part of Norway's
political system
; the votes of the "swamp men" decided the outcome of the election; they included teachers, artists and
craftsmen
who were not poor but also did not own land; ownership of land or a contract to use land was necessary to get
voting rights
; the "swamp men" had bough cheap land which was nearly useless, except for getting a
right to vote
.
[20]
The right to vote in [
national
and
local
]
elections
, was given to the public (or the
general public
) in 1898.
[21]
The end of the
Union of Sweden and Norway
, was on 7 June 1905, when Norway got its
independence
.
In 1905
Prince Carl of Denmark
was elected
King of Norway
. His name as a king, was
King Haakon VII
.
In
World War I
, Norway was neutral and served as a trading nation.
Norway tried to stay neutral in
World War II
, but was occupied by German forces from 9 April 1940 to 8 May 1945.
In 1952 Norway became a member of
NATO
.
Oil was found in Norway's part of the
North Sea
, during the 1960s; the oil was found under the
sea floor
.
King Haakon VII
was already married, before he came to Norway (in 1905). His wife, Princess Maud, became
Queen Maud
. Their son, Prince Alexander of Denmark, became Crown Prince Olav and followed after his father as
King Olav V
in 1957. Olav and his wife,
Crown Princess Martha
, had three children; Princess Ragnhild, Princess Astrid and Prince Harald (later Crown Prince Harald and in 1991 he followed his father as
King Harald V
).
King Harald is the first king born in Norway in over 600 years. He has two children; Princess Martha Louise and
Crown Prince Haakon Magnus
.
The Government has Norwegian soldiers working in
Syria
(as of 2017)
[22]
and
Afghanistan
, together with soldiers from other countries that belong to
NATO
.
Exports
include :
natural gas
,
oil
,
hydroelectric
power, and
fish
.
Other
natural resources
are
agriculture
,
forests
, and
minerals
.
The government collects much money from various sources, and has policies intended to spread this wealth among Norwegians. This spread of wealth, is done both directly and indirectly.
[Including year 2020], the fishing industry is catching between 2.5 million
tons
and 3 million tons fish from the ocean per year; from
fish farms
around 1.5 million tons are
slaughtered
per year.
[23]
Norway's annual GDP is 482.4 billion in 2022
Most people in Norway are ethnic Norwegians.
A native population of Norway, the
Sami
, has its home in the northern parts of the country. Their language is not at all related to Norwegian. In some
munipalities
in the far north, they make up the majority of people. Many Sami now live outside the Sami homeland, mostly in Oslo and other big cities. Earlier, Sami people were forced to speak Norwegian in school. Now Sami is taught as the first language in school for Sami children, and Norwegian is the first foreign language.
The national minorities of Norway are Kvens/Norwegian Finns,
Jews
, Forest Finns,
Roma
and Taters.
[24]
Many immigrants have come to Norway in the last
[
needs to be explained
]
30?40 years. They mostly live in and around Oslo, and in the other big cities. Many immigrants come from nearby countries, like Sweden, Denmark, Germany, Poland and Russia. There are also many from countries far away, such as
Pakistan
,
Somalia
,
Iraq
and
Vietnam
.
At the end of 2020, immigrants and people who were born in Norway, but who had two parents who were immigrants, they were 18.5 percent of the population; from those (two categories), 11.8% came from Poland.
[25]
Norwegians speak a language that is related to German and English. Swedish and Danish are so close to Norwegian that most Norwegians understand them. Across Norway, many different dialects are spoken. Norwegians disagree on how to make one correct written language. Therefore, there are two standard languages, Bokmal and Nynorsk. Nynorsk is used in writing in most of the western areas and in the central mountains. Bokmal is written by most people in the rest of the country.
Traditionally, all Norwegians were
Lutherans
, a variety of the
Protestant
faith. Still, more than 80% of Norwegians are Lutherans. Other important faiths include
Islam
, other Protestant groups and
Catholicism
.
Among tourists to Norway, more come from
Germany
than from any other country. There are also many Swedes, Danes, British, Dutch and Italians visiting Norway. The Swedes and Danes often come in winter to go skiing. The others mainly come in summer. Many people visit Norway to see the Northern Lights, also known as the 'Aurora Borealis'.
The largest national newspapers in Norway are
Verdens Gang
(VG),
Aftenposten
and
Dagbladet
.
Norwegian culture can be compared to English culture in the way that it is considered a bad thing to show off, as opposed to the US, where this is more acceptable. This is a big aspect of Norwegian culture, and it is related to the philosophy of
egalitarianism
. Because of this, people will understate things, for example if a Norwegian says something is good or nice, it can mean that it's really great.
Items
from the Viking Age (in Norway), are shown in museums: One item is the
Gokstad ship
.
Museums in Norway includes
The Ibsen Museum
- named after
Henrik Ibsen
.
[26]
The farmers' culture (
bondekulturen
) was brutal.
[27]
[28]
Unwanted babies were "placed in the
forest
" (
sette barn pa skogen
) to die, until the
nineteenth century
; in the end, the [rural] police authority - consisting of individuals called
lensmann
(en)
- were able to control [and stop] these
crimes
.
[28]
Modern,
cambered
skis were invented in the Norwegian province of Telemark in the early 19th century.
[29]
In Norway power is shared among three branches: The justice sector, the government and the
parliament
(
Stortinget
). Norway also has a king,
Harald V
, but he does not have any real power and acts as a symbol and
ambassador
. This form of government is called a
constitutional monarchy
. Elections are held every four years, and the winner of the election is the party or
coalition
of parties that gets the most votes and seats in the parliament. After the elections are done, the winners work together to find out who the
prime minister
should be, as well as who the other
ministers
should be.
Here is a short summary of the biggest political parties in Norway, from left to right on the
political axis
:
- Red
(Rødt): A
revolutionary socialist
party which works for equality of income, labour rights, a controlled economy and
feminism
.
- Socialist Left Party
(Sosialistisk venstreparti): The party is not very radical and is concerned with environmental issues as well as education. The party is traditionally regarded as the "teacher's party" because of their focus on learning and school. One might call SV more of a
social democratic
party than a socialist party, since their socialist views have faded over the years. They were more radical in the 1970s and 80s.
- Norwegian Labour Party
(Arbeiderpartiet): The Labour Party is the biggest party in Norway. They work for a strong economy with many regulations on private businesses, and are traditionally the party for workers, securing labour rights and the
welfare state
.
- Centre Party
(Senterpartiet): The Centre Party used to be known as the farmer's party; they no longer use this name, but still they are mostly popular in the countryside and other rural regions, since they work for the environment and protection of Norwegian farmers. For example, raising
tariffs
, or putting
taxes
on
imports
, to make foreign food cost more so that people will buy from Norwegian farmers. This is called
protectionism
.
- Green Party
(Miljøpartiet de Grønne): The Green party works for the environment only, and has recently been gaining a lot of popularity for its radical politics. They are mostly a left-side party, but will switch sides if it helps the environment.
- Liberal Party
(Venstre): Even though it is called Left in English, it is actually a
social liberal
party that belongs to the centre-right side of Norwegian politics. They work for liberal rights like
freedom of speech
,
gender equality
and they are also concerned with environment. Because of this they heavily support
public transport
.
- Kristelig Folkeparti: The Christian People's Party is at present more active in local than national politics.
- Conservative Party
(Høgre): It is a conservative party and is the second biggest party in Norway. It works for a
free market
, liberal rights and equality of opportunity. They are friendly towards private businesses and support economic growth by making taxes smaller, so that more people can start businesses.
The city with the most people living there (or
inhabitants
) is
Oslo
. The city of
Bergen
has 272,000 people living there; the city of
Trondheim
has 182,000 people in its
population
.
Some claim that Bergen and Trondheim, each had their time as Norway's capital during the
Middle Ages
.
[30]
Organisations associated with the Government of Norway
[
change
|
change source
]
- ↑
1.0
1.1
"Statistics Norway ? Population 1 January 2010 and 2011 and changes in 2010, by immigration category and country background. Absolute numbers"
(in Norwegian). Ssb.no. 2010-01-01.
Archived
from the original on 2012-01-22
. Retrieved
2011-07-23
.
- ↑
"CIA ? The World Factbook"
. Cia.gov.
Archived
from the original on 2020-05-06
. Retrieved
2011-07-23
.
- ↑
"New government 14.10.2021"
. 19 June 2009
. Retrieved
2021-10-14
.
- ↑
"Arealstatistics for Norway 2019"
. Kartverket, mapping directory for Norway. 2019.
Archived
from the original on 2019-06-08
. Retrieved
2019-03-20
.
- ↑
"Population, 2024-01-01"
. Statistics Norway. 2024-02-21
. Retrieved
2024-02-24
.
- ↑
6.0
6.1
6.2
6.3
"Norway"
. International Monetary Fund.
Archived
from the original on 2011-10-16
. Retrieved
2011-05-06
.
- ↑
"2022 Human Development Index Ranking"
. United Nations Development Programme. 2023-03-13
. Retrieved
2024-03-17
.
- ↑
"The World Factbook ? Central Intelligence Agency"
.
www.cia.gov
.
Archived
from the original on 2014-01-31
. Retrieved
2011-12-05
.
- ↑
"Statistisk sentralbyra: ? temaside"
(in Norwegian). Ssb.no.
Archived
from the original on 2008-12-18
. Retrieved
2011-11-25
.
- ↑
Herven, Marit (2009-05-16).
"
"Ja, vi elsker" 150 ar"
.
Norsk rikskringkasting
(in Norwegian). NRK.
Archived
from the original on 2009-05-22
. Retrieved
2009-05-22
.
- ↑
Duollja, Svenn-Egil Knutsen (26 November 2018).
"nordsamisk"
.
Archived
from the original on 10 May 2019
. Retrieved
20 January
2019
– via Store norske leksikon.
- ↑
Solveig Aareskjold
. "Sjølv da Astrid Eriksdotter blei bydd fram for sal pa ein slavemarknad i Estland, gløymde ho aldri kva ho var verd. Kledd i filler, framleis dronning" [Even when Astrid Eriksdotter was offered for sale at a slave market in Estonia, she never forgot what she was worth. Dressed in rags, still a queen].
Klassekampen
. 2017-08-12. pages 36-7
- ↑
https://www.nrk.no/nordland/torrfisk-sensasjon_-_-vikinghistorien-ma-skrives-om-1.13632492
Archived
2017-08-09 at the
Wayback Machine
"I den islandske ættesagaen
Egilssoga
fra 1200-tallet star det om Torulv Kveldulvsson, en høvding i Halogaland. Kveldulvsson drev, ifølge sagaen, næringsvirksomhet i stor stil, blant annet eksporterte han fisk til England rundt 875. Dette har frem til i dag bare vært ubekreftede fortellinger. Na har forskerne altsa klart a finne bevis som støtter opp for mistankene om at handelen med tørrfisk kan ha startet sa tidlig som sagaene forteller om."
- ↑
14.0
14.1
Tveit, Josef Benoni Ness (8 August 2017).
"Tørrfisk-sensasjon: ? Torskefunn kan endre vikinghistorien"
.
NRK
.
Archived
from the original on 9 August 2020
. Retrieved
20 January
2019
.
- ↑
"- Na kommer denne nasjonalskatten hjem til Norge"
.
Dagbladet.no
. 28 August 2017.
Archived
from the original on 21 May 2021
. Retrieved
20 January
2019
.
- ↑
"Fikk verdifulle kart i gave"
.
www.klartale.no
. 28 August 2017.
Archived
from the original on 2021-01-20
. Retrieved
2019-01-20
.
- ↑
"Denmark"
. World Statesmen.
Archived
from the original on December 26, 2018
. Retrieved
January 18,
2015
.
- ↑
"Norway"
. World Statesmen.
Archived
from the original on December 26, 2018
. Retrieved
January 18,
2015
.
- ↑
Sejersted, Francis (8 January 2018).
"Mossekonvensjonen"
.
Archived
from the original on 14 May 2019
. Retrieved
20 January
2019
– via Store norske leksikon.
- ↑
"En liten myrflekk til fem kr ga deg stemmerett, og det ble avgjørende i 1882"
.
www.dagsavisen.no
. 4 September 2017.
Archived
from the original on 2017-09-04
. Retrieved
2019-01-20
.
- ↑
Mardal, Magnus A. (12 June 2017).
"myrmenn"
.
Archived
from the original on 21 May 2019
. Retrieved
20 January
2019
– via Store norske leksikon.
- ↑
"Norge i Syria"
.
Klassekampen
.
Archived
from the original on 2018-11-06
. Retrieved
2019-01-20
.
- ↑
https://snl.no/Norge
. 16 May 2021
- ↑
"National minorities - regjeringen.no"
. 11 January 2007.
- ↑
https://snl.no/Norge
. 16 May 2021. Retrieved 16 June 2021
- ↑
"Forside - Ibsenmuseet"
.
ibsenmuseet.no
.
Archived
from the original on 2019-05-07
. Retrieved
2019-01-20
.
- ↑
Myter og unøyaktigheter
Archived
2021-06-24 at the
Wayback Machine
[myths and inaccuracies]
- ↑
28.0
28.1
"Myter og unA¸yaktigheter"
.
www.vl.no
.
Archived
from the original on 2021-05-21
. Retrieved
2019-01-20
.
- ↑
"A SHORT HISTORY OF SKIS"
.
Skiing History
.
Archived
from the original on 2019-07-23
. Retrieved
2019-07-23
.
- ↑
dead link
"Trondheim - the official website"
.
Archived
from the original on 2009-06-08
. Retrieved
2009-09-04
.
|
---|
Countries
| |
---|
Dependencies
| |
---|
Other Countries
| |
---|
1.
Transcontinental country
/territory that is part of both Europe and Asia. 2. Territory or with territory geographically part of North America. 3. Partially recognized. 4. Not all dependent territories are listed. 5. Territory has some form of self-rule. 6. Territory or with territory geographically part of Africa.
|
60°23′N
5°20′E
/
60.38°N 5.34°E
/
60.38; 5.34