Islamic Republic of Iran
?????? ?????? ?????
(
Persian
)
Jomh?r?-ye Esl?m?-ye ?r?n
|
---|
|
Motto:
???????? ?????? ?????? ??????
Esteghl?l, ?z?di, Jomhuri-ye Esl?mi
("Independence, freedom, the Islamic Republic")
(
de facto
)
[1]
|
Anthem:
???? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????
Sorud-e Melli-ye Jomhuri-ye Esl?mi-ye Ir?n
(
"
National Anthem of the Islamic Republic of Iran
"
)
|
![Location of Iran](//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Iran_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/250px-Iran_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png) |
Capital
and largest city
| Tehran
35°41′N
51°25′E
/
35.683°N 51.417°E
/
35.683; 51.417
|
---|
Official languages
| Persian
|
---|
Recognised regional languages
| |
---|
Ethnic groups
| |
---|
Religion
| Shia Islam
(
official
)
[4]
|
---|
Demonym(s)
| |
---|
Government
| Unitary
theocratic
presidential
Islamic republic
|
---|
|
| Ali Khamenei
|
---|
| Mohammad Mokhber
(acting)
|
---|
| Mohammad Mokhber
|
---|
| Mohammad Bagher Ghalibaf
|
---|
| Gholam-Hossein Mohseni-Eje'i
|
---|
|
Legislature
| Islamic Consultative Assembly
|
---|
|
|
| c.
678 BC
|
---|
| 550 BC
|
---|
| 247 BC
|
---|
| 224 AD
[5]
|
---|
| 934
|
---|
| 1501
[6]
|
---|
| 1736
|
---|
| 1751
|
---|
| 1796
|
---|
| 15 December 1925
|
---|
| 11 February 1979
|
---|
| 3 December 1979
|
---|
| 28 July 1989
|
---|
|
|
? Total
| 1,648,195 km
2
(636,372 sq mi) (
17th
)
|
---|
? Water (%)
| 1.63 (as of 2015)
[7]
|
---|
|
? 2019 estimate
| 83,183,741
[8]
(
17th
)
|
---|
? Density
| 48/km
2
(124.3/sq mi) (
162nd
)
|
---|
GDP
(
PPP
)
| 2022 estimate
|
---|
? Total
| $1.246,26 trillion
[9]
(
23th
)
|
---|
? Per capita
| $14,520
[9]
(
66th
)
|
---|
GDP
(nominal)
| 2022 estimate
|
---|
? Total
| $1.136,68 trillion
[9]
(
17st
)
|
---|
? Per capita
| $13,240
[9]
(
78th
)
|
---|
Gini
(2018)
| 42.0
[10]
medium
|
---|
HDI
(2019)
| 0.783
[11]
high
·
70th
|
---|
Currency
| Iranian rial
(
????
) (
IRR
)
|
---|
Time zone
| UTC
+3:30
(
IRST
)
|
---|
| UTC
+4:30
(IRDT)
|
---|
Date format
| yyyy/mm/dd
(
SH
)
|
---|
Driving side
| right
|
---|
Calling code
| +98
|
---|
ISO 3166 code
| IR
|
---|
Internet TLD
| |
---|
Khezr Beach, Hormoz Island, Persian Gulf, Iran, 02-09-2008
Iran
, officially the
Islamic
Republic of Iran
, also known as
Persia
, is a
country
in
Western Asia
. It is part of the
Middle East
region. It shares
borders
with
Afghanistan
,
Armenia
,
Azerbaijan
,
Iraq
,
Pakistan
,
Turkey
, and
Turkmenistan
.
Tehran
is the
capital
and largest
city
. Iran is the eighteenth largest country in the world. It has more than 84.9 million people. Iran has been a member of the
United Nations
since 1945. It is a member of the
Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries
(OPEC).
[12]
It is an
Islamic republic
.
Iran is a powerful country in the region. It has a lot of natural gas and oil, which is important for its economy. It's also a significant place because it's where Shia Islam is most important. The country's economy is big, and it's a member of many important groups like the United Nations.
Iran has a long history and a rich culture. That's why it has many special places that are recognized by the United Nations. It's also famous for its cultural traditions, like music and dance. In 2019, many people visited Iran, making it one of the fastest-growing tourist destinations in the world.
In the past, Iran was called "Persia" by people outside of the
country
. The people that lived there called the country "Iran". The official name was Persia, The name Persia was used when dealing with other countries and in
government
papers.
In 1935,
Reza Sh?h Pahlavi
was
Shah
of Iran. He officially asked foreigners to call the country "Iran". This was done to show that Iran belongs to all the non-Persian Iranians as well as to Persian Iranians. The name Iran means
land of the
Aryans
. It is used in the ancient book of the
Zoroastrians
, the
Avesta
. In the 19th and early 20th century, the name
Aryan
was used by
Europeans
to mean
all
Indo-Europeans
. The "Aryan Race" was a term that
Hitler
used to describe his "Superior" or "perfect" race, but it first meant Iranians.
[13]
"Aryan" means "noble" in Iranian languages.
Around 500 BC, the area that is now Iran was the center of the
Achaemenid Empire
. The
Greek
city states fought against the Persian armies led by
Darius the Great
and
Xerxes
. Then
Alexander the Great
took the country by fighting the Achaemenid dynasty of
Persia
. He ruled until he died,then the Greek Seleucids ruled until they were defeated by the Parthian Empire which later fought the
Roman Empire
.
[14]
[15]
[16]
After the Parthians, the Sassanian dynasty (224-651) took over. Other people took Persia by
conquest
, like the
Arabs
(7th century),
Turks
(10th century) and
Mongols
(13th century). However, Iran has always had a different and distinct native Iranian
culture
which has continued to survive.
After the Muslim Arabs conquered the Iranians, Persian women were enslaved as domestic servants while Persian men were forced to build and farm and engage in hard labour.
[17]
The Arab Abbasid Harun caliph had
Persian
concubines like Marajil al-Badghisiyya whom the later Abbasid caliph Al-Ma'mun descended from in the maternal line.
[18]
[19]
The
Central Intelligence Agency
(CIA) worked in Iran to create 1953
riots
which led to the removal of
Prime Minister
Mosaddegh. The
United States
and
Great Britain
then made the
Shah
Mohammad Reza Pahlavi
the most powerful person in Iran, again. The Shah left Iran in 1979 in the face of a revolt. The Iranian
government
was changed to an
Islamic Republic
by
Islamic Revolution
. Soon afterwards, the
Iranian Students Movement
(Tahkim Vahdat), with the backing of the new
government
, took over the
U.S.
Embassy
in
Tehran
. They held most of the
diplomats
hostage
for 444 days.
Relations between the two countries have not been good since. For example, the
United States
claims that Iran supports
terrorist
groups
against
Israel
. Iran does not see Israel as a country. Iran, along with many
Arab League
countries, believes that
Israel
does not have the
right
to co-exist. However, Iran has collaborated with the
United Nations
at times. These deals have been about energy or about fighting terrorism.
Iran fought the
Iran?Iraq War
in the 1990s-1980s. Many foreign countries supported
Iraqi
people’s regime.
Now, the
West
and
United Nations
is trying to prevent Iran from becoming
nuclear technology
country, even though Iran is a member of the
Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty
. The
International Atomic Energy Agency
(IAEA)’s has reported many times that there is no evidence that Iran is developing
nuclear weapons
. However, it also says that it can not say for sure that Iran is not doing so in
secret
.
A December 2007
CIA
report on nuclear activity in Iran said that Iran's
secret
program to get nuclear
weapons
technology
was stopped in 2003. It said that Iran will probably not be able to build a nuclear
weapon
soon. The
Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action
is a political strategy to deal with this issue.
Iran has the
natural resource
of
oil
. It is a member of OPEC. Oil is one of its main exports.
Rice
, handicrafts,
carpets
and
crocus
are important local products. Iran is the world's largest exporter and producer of
caviar
.
[20]
Iran is also one of the world's biggest exporters of pistachio nuts.
Iran has factories that produce industrial products. Iran is also involved in the field of biomedical sciences.
Rial
is the
money
used in Iran.
About 90% of Iranian people are
Muslim
. The
state religion
is
Shia Islam
. It has been the state religion since the
Safavid dynasty
in the 16th century.
[21]
This is the religion of about 75% of Iranians.
[3]
They belong to the
Twelver
branch. About 9% of Iranians Muslim belong to the
Sunni
branch of Islam. The 9% of Iranians who are not Muslim are
Baha'is
,
Mandeans
,
Zoroastrians
,
Christians
and
Jews
.
[3]
It is thought that there are between 300,000 and 310,000 Persian (Iranian) Jews.
Roof hafez tomb
- ↑
Jeroen Temperman (2010).
State-Religion Relationships and Human Rights Law: Towards a Right to Religiously Neutral Governance
. Brill. pp. 87?.
ISBN
978-90-04-18148-9
.
Archived
from the original on 2022-12-18
. Retrieved
2022-02-23
.
The official motto of Iran is
Takbir
('God is the Greatest' or 'God is Great'). Transliteration
Allahu Akbar
. As referred to in art. 18 of the constitution of Iran (1979). The
de facto
motto however is: 'Independence, freedom, the Islamic Republic.
'
- ↑
"Iran - Languages"
.
Encyclopædia Britannica
.
Archived
from the original on 5 May 2020
. Retrieved
9 January
2020
.
- ↑
3.0
3.1
3.2
3.3
U.S. Central Intelligence Agency (2008-04-15).
"CIA - The World Factbook -- Iran"
. U.S. Central Intelligence Agency. Archived from
the original
on 2019-05-28
. Retrieved
2008-04-18
.
- ↑
"Iran"
.
- ↑
Sarkhosh Curtis, Vesta; Stewart, Sarah (2005),
Birth of the Persian Empire: The Idea of Iran
, London: I.B. Tauris, p. 108,
ISBN
978-1-84511-062-8
,
archived
from the original on 2022-12-18
, retrieved
2022-02-23
,
Similarly the collapse of Sassanian Eranshahr in AD 650 did not end Iranians' national idea. The name 'Iran' disappeared from official records of the Saffarids, Samanids, Buyids, Saljuqs and their successor. But one unofficially used the name Iran, Eranshahr, and similar national designations, particularly Mamalek-e Iran or 'Iranian lands', which exactly translated the old Avestan term Ariyanam Daihunam. On the other hand, when the Safavids (not Reza Shah, as is popularly assumed) revived a national state officially known as Iran, bureaucratic usage in the Ottoman empire and even Iran itself could still refer to it by other descriptive and traditional appellations.
- ↑
Andrew J. Newman, Safavid Iran: Rebirth of a Persian Empire, I. B. Tauris (30 March 2006)
- ↑
"Surface water and surface water change"
. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD).
Archived
from the original on 24 March 2021
. Retrieved
11 October
2020
.
- ↑
"??????? ? ??????? ?????"
.
amar.org.ir
. Archived from
the original
on 14 March 2018
. Retrieved
13 September
2017
.
- ↑
9.0
9.1
9.2
9.3
"World Economic Outlook Database, October 2021"
.
IMF.org
. International Monetary Fund.
Archived
from the original on 22 January 2022
. Retrieved
4 October
2021
.
- ↑
"GINI index (World Bank estimate)"
. World Bank. Archived from
the original
on 9 February 2015
. Retrieved
10 July
2021
.
- ↑
Human Development Report 2020 The Next Frontier: Human Development and the Anthropocene
(PDF)
. United Nations Development Programme. 15 December 2020. pp. 343?346.
ISBN
978-92-1-126442-5
.
Archived
(PDF)
from the original on 15 December 2020
. Retrieved
16 December
2020
.
- ↑
"United Nations Member States"
.
un.org
. 2009-04-30. Archived from
the original
on 2014-04-12
. Retrieved
2022-12-18
.
- ↑
Norton, 2002
- ↑
"Iran Country Profile"
.
BBC News
. 16 August 2011.
Archived
from the original on 25 November 2014
. Retrieved
8 August
2012
.
- ↑
"
"CESWW" ? Definition of Central Eurasia"
. Cesww.fas.harvard.edu. Archived from
the original
on 5 August 2010
. Retrieved
1 August
2010
.
- ↑
"Iran Guide"
.
National Geographic
. 14 June 2013.
Archived
from the original on 12 December 2009
. Retrieved
21 June
2013
.
- ↑
Fisher, William Bayne; Frye, Richard Nelson; Avery, Peter; Gershevitch, Ilya; Boyle, John Andrew; Yarshater, Ehsan; Jackson, Peter, eds. (1975).
"CHAPTER I THE ARAB CONQUEST OF IRAN AND ITS AFTERMATH"
.
The Cambridge History of Iran, Volume 4
. Vol. The Cambridge History of Iran, Volume 4: From the Arab Invasion to the Saljuqs (illustrated, reprint, reissue ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 29.
ISBN
0521200938
. Archived from the original on 2022-12-18
. Retrieved
2022-02-22
.
{{
cite book
}}
: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (
link
)
- ↑
Fisher, William Bayne; Frye, Richard Nelson; Avery, Peter; Gershevitch, Ilya; Boyle, John Andrew; Yarshater, Ehsan; Jackson, Peter, eds. (1975).
"CHAPTER I THE ARAB CONQUEST OF IRAN AND ITS AFTERMATH"
.
The Cambridge History of Iran, Volume 4
. Vol. The Cambridge History of Iran, Volume 4: From the Arab Invasion to the Saljuqs (illustrated, reprint, reissue ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 94.
ISBN
0521200938
. Archived from the original on 2022-12-18
. Retrieved
2022-02-22
.
{{
cite book
}}
: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (
link
)
- ↑
"Al-Ma'mun vs. Al-Amin Clash and Crumbling Power of Abbasids"
. SAED News. February 27, 2021.
Archived
from the original on June 17, 2021
. Retrieved
June 17,
2021
.
- ↑
"Caviar"
. Russia-Iran.com. Archived from
the original
on April 1, 2015
. Retrieved
September 21,
2014
.
- ↑
Mark W. Janis, Carolyn Maree Evans (1999).
Religion and International Law
. Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. p. 381.
ISBN
9789041111746
.
Archived
from the original on 2022-12-18
. Retrieved
2022-02-22
.
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