??????

????????? ?????????? ??????? ?? ??????? ???? ??????? ???? ???? ????? ??-??????????? ?????? ????? ????????:

≪ ???? ≫ ??????? ??????????? ?? ??????? , ????????? ????????? , ????????? , ?????????? , ????????? ? ??????? ?????????? ???????????? ??????????? ? ??????? ????????? ???????? ???? ?? ??????? ????? ?????????? ^[1]? ????????? ?????????? ????? ? ??? ????????? ^[2]^[3]?

??????? ??????? ?????????? ??? ^[4] ? 1911 ???????? ????????? ????????????? ????, ?? ≪????≫ ??????? ?? ????????? ???? ?????????? ???????????? ^[5]? ??????????? ? ??? ??????????? ???????????? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????????, ??????????? ???????? ??????????? ? ?????????? ????????????? ^[6]?

??????? ??? ???????????? ? ?????????? ????? ???? ???????, ??? ?????? ????? ?????? ??? ??????????? ??????????????? ^[7], ???????? ?????, ????? ?????? ???????? ??? ?????????? ?????? ? ?????? ??? ??????????? ??? ??????????? ?????????? ^[8]? ?????????????? ???????????????? ???????????????? ?????????? ??? ??????` ≪??????? ??????≫ ? ≪???????? ??????≫ ??? ????????? , ????????? ??????????????? ???????? ?????? ??? ?????? ^[9]?

711 ???????? ??????????? ???????? ??????? ????????????? ????????? ????????? ???????? ?????????? ? ????????? ????????? ??????? ?????????? ?????? ?????? ????? ??-???????? , ??? ?? ?????????? ???????????? ????????? ?? ???????????? ? ??????????? ????????? ?? ????????????? ??? ?????

827 ???????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ??? ????? ??????????? ` ??????????? ??? ????? ??????????? ^[10]? ?????? ???? ????? ???????? ????? ?????? ???? ? ????????? ???????? ???? ??????? ??????????? ? ???????? ????????????????? ??????? ????????? ??????????????????? ????????? ???????????? ?????????????????? ???, ????? ???????? ??????????? ??????????????? ????? ??????????, ??? ??????????????????? ?????? ??? ?????????? ??????? 1224 ??????????? ?????????????? ????? ??????? ?????????? ??????? , ??? ??????? ????????????? ?????? 1300 ?????????

1492 ???????? ????????? ??????? ???? ????? ?????????????? ?????????????? ????????? ?????????? ^[11]?

???????? [ ???????? | ???????? ???? ]

???????????????? [ ???????? | ???????? ???? ]

??????? ???????? ???????????? ???????? ??????????? ?? ????, ??? ??????? ?? ??????????? ????????? ??????????, ?????? ??????????? ? ????????? ???????? ?????? ?? ??????? ??????????? ^[12]? ???????? ?????? ??????? ????? ???????????? ??? ???????? ??? ≪??????≫, ??? ???????? ? ????????? ≪????≫ ??????? ^[13]? ?????? (Μα?ροι) ??????? ????? ? ???????? ?????? 1-?? ??????? ????????? ??? ?????????? ? ???????????, ???? ??????? ????? ?? ?????????? (Μαυρο?σιοι). ^[14]: ??????? ?????????? ?? ??? ???????? ?????? ????? ????????? ??????????? ??? ????????? ????? ??? ??????????? 24 ???????? ^[15] :

????????? ??????????? ?????? ????? ?? ??????????????? ???????? ????????? ? ??????????? ^[16]? 16-?? ?????? ???????? ??? ??????????? (1494?1554) ???????? ? ???????? ( ?????? ), ????? ?????? ????????? ??????????? ?????? ??????????? ???? ?????????? ?? ???????? ????? ???? ??????? ?????? ????? ???????????? , ???????????? , ???????? ? ????????? ??? ?????? ^[1]?

??????? ??? ???????????? ? ????????? ????????????? ?????? ???? ?????? ??? ???????????? ????????? ?????, ??? ??????????? ? ?????????? ????????????? ????? ^[16]?

?????????????????? [ ???????? | ???????? ???? ]

↑ ^1,0 ^1,1 Africanus, Leo (1526). The History and Description of Africa . Hakluyt Society. ???? 20 & 108 . ??????? ? 2017 ?? ???????? 30-?? . ≪the Mauri -- or Moors -- were the Berbers≫
↑ The Arabs called the latter Muwalladun or Muladi . Menocal (2002). Ornament of the World , p. 16
↑ Richard A Fletcher, Moorish Spain (University of California Press, 2006), pp.1,19.
↑ Ross Brann, "The Moors?" , Andalusia , New York University. Quote: "Andalusi Arabic sources, as opposed to later Mudejar and Morisco sources in Aljamiado and medieval Spanish texts, neither refer to individuals as Moors nor recognize any such group, community or culture."
↑ Britannica Encyclopedia (1911) . ?? 811. ?????????? ?????????? 2013 ?? ???????? 23. {{ cite book }}: CS1 ????? bot: original URL status unknown ( link )
↑ Blackmore, Josiah (2009). Moorings: Portuguese Expansion and the Writing of Africa . U of Minnesota Press. ???? xvi , 18 . ISBN 978-0-8166-4832-0 .
↑ Menocal, Maria Rosa (2002). Ornament of the World: How Muslims, Jews and Christians Created a Culture of Tolerance in Medieval Spain . Little, Brown, & Co. 0-316-16871-8 , p. 241
↑ John Randall Baker . ≪Race≫ . Oxford University Press : 226 . ??????? ? 2014 ?? ????? 12-?? . ≪In one sense the word 'Moor' means Mohammedan Berbers and Arabs of North-western Africa, with some Syrians, who conquered most of Spain in the 8th century and dominated the country for hundreds of years.≫ {{ cite journal }}: Cite journal requires |journal= ( ?????????? )
↑ Pieris, P.E. Ceylon and the Hollanders 1658-1796 . American Ceylon Mission Press, Tellippalai Ceylon 1918
↑ ≪Assessment of the status, development and diversification of fisheries-dependent communities: Mazara del Vallo Case study report≫ (PDF) . ??????????????? . 2010. ?? 2 . ??????? ? 2012 ?? ?????????? 28-?? . ≪ In the year 827, Mazara was occupied by the Arabs, who made the city an important commercial harbour. That period was probably the most prosperous in the history of Mazara. ≫
↑ Hillgarth, J. N. (2000). The Mirror of Spain, 1500-1700: The Formation of a Myth (????????). University of Michigan Press. ?? 67. ISBN 0472110926 .
↑ Diderot, Denis (1752). Ceuta . ?? 871.
↑ ≪Online Etymology Dictionary≫ . Etymonline.com . ??????? ? 2014 ?? ?????? 12-?? .
↑ ο?κο?σι δ? ?ντα?θα Μαυρο?σιοι μ?ν ?π? τ?ν ?λλ?νων λεγ?μενοι, Μα?ροι δ? ?π? τ?ν ?ωμα?ων κα? τ?ν ?πιχωρ?ων "Here dwell a people called by the Greeks Maurusii, and by the Romans and the natives Mauri" Strabo, Geographica 17.3.2. Lewis and Short, Latin Dictionary , 1879 s.v. "Mauri"
↑ Cornelius Tacitus, Arthur Murphy, The Historical Annals of Cornelius Tacitus: With Supplements, Volume 1 (D. Neall, 1829 ) p114 .
↑ ^16,0 ^16,1 Assouline, David. ≪ 'Moors' from Oxford Islamic Studies Online≫ . Muslim Journeys . The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Islamic World in the Oxford Islamic Studies Online. ?????????? ? ?????????? 2018 ?? ?????? 20-?? . ??????? ? 2018 ?? ?????? 30-?? .

[Leo-1] 1,0 ^1,1 Africanus, Leo (1526). The History and Description of Africa . Hakluyt Society. ???? 20 & 108 . ??????? ? 2017 ?? ???????? 30-?? . ≪the Mauri -- or Moors -- were the Berbers≫

[2] The Arabs called the latter Muwalladun or Muladi . Menocal (2002). Ornament of the World , p. 16

[3] Richard A Fletcher, Moorish Spain (University of California Press, 2006), pp.1,19.

[4] Ross Brann, "The Moors?" , Andalusia , New York University. Quote: "Andalusi Arabic sources, as opposed to later Mudejar and Morisco sources in Aljamiado and medieval Spanish texts, neither refer to individuals as Moors nor recognize any such group, community or culture."

[5] Britannica Encyclopedia (1911) . ?? 811. ?????????? ?????????? 2013 ?? ???????? 23. {{ cite book }}: CS1 ????? bot: original URL status unknown ( link )

[6] Blackmore, Josiah (2009). Moorings: Portuguese Expansion and the Writing of Africa . U of Minnesota Press. ???? xvi , 18 . ISBN 978-0-8166-4832-0 .

[Menocal,_María_Rosa_2002_page_241-7] Menocal, Maria Rosa (2002). Ornament of the World: How Muslims, Jews and Christians Created a Culture of Tolerance in Medieval Spain . Little, Brown, & Co. 0-316-16871-8 , p. 241

[8] John Randall Baker . ≪Race≫ . Oxford University Press : 226 . ??????? ? 2014 ?? ????? 12-?? . ≪In one sense the word 'Moor' means Mohammedan Berbers and Arabs of North-western Africa, with some Syrians, who conquered most of Spain in the 8th century and dominated the country for hundreds of years.≫ {{ cite journal }}: Cite journal requires |journal= ( ?????????? )

[9] Pieris, P.E. Ceylon and the Hollanders 1658-1796 . American Ceylon Mission Press, Tellippalai Ceylon 1918

[10] ≪Assessment of the status, development and diversification of fisheries-dependent communities: Mazara del Vallo Case study report≫ (PDF) . ??????????????? . 2010. ?? 2 . ??????? ? 2012 ?? ?????????? 28-?? . ≪ In the year 827, Mazara was occupied by the Arabs, who made the city an important commercial harbour. That period was probably the most prosperous in the history of Mazara. ≫

[11] Hillgarth, J. N. (2000). The Mirror of Spain, 1500-1700: The Formation of a Myth (????????). University of Michigan Press. ?? 67. ISBN 0472110926 .

[12] Diderot, Denis (1752). Ceuta . ?? 871.

[13] ≪Online Etymology Dictionary≫ . Etymonline.com . ??????? ? 2014 ?? ?????? 12-?? .

[14] ο?κο?σι δ? ?ντα?θα Μαυρο?σιοι μ?ν ?π? τ?ν ?λλ?νων λεγ?μενοι, Μα?ροι δ? ?π? τ?ν ?ωμα?ων κα? τ?ν ?πιχωρ?ων "Here dwell a people called by the Greeks Maurusii, and by the Romans and the natives Mauri" Strabo, Geographica 17.3.2. Lewis and Short, Latin Dictionary , 1879 s.v. "Mauri"

[15] Cornelius Tacitus, Arthur Murphy, The Historical Annals of Cornelius Tacitus: With Supplements, Volume 1 (D. Neall, 1829 ) p114 .

[OxfordIslamic-16] 16,0 ^16,1 Assouline, David. ≪ 'Moors' from Oxford Islamic Studies Online≫ . Muslim Journeys . The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Islamic World in the Oxford Islamic Studies Online. ?????????? ? ?????????? 2018 ?? ?????? 20-?? . ??????? ? 2018 ?? ?????? 30-?? .

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