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???? ?? ???? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

???????????? ????????? , ???? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? "????????" ( ? ?????? ????? ?ν?ρ / ???, ?-?νομα / ??), ^[3] ???? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? "?'??????" ( ??????? ????? γυν? / ????, ?-?νομα /??). ^[4]

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????? ?????, ?????? ? ???? ????? (??? ?????, ????????? , ?????, ???) ???? ?? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ???. ???? ????? ????? ??? ??, ?????? ??????? ??????????????, ????? ???? ???? ??? ??? ???? ??????? ??????? ???? ^[5]^[6].

????? ??? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ?????? ???? ?? ??????, ??? ?????? ????? ???? ? ????? ???? ????????? ?????? ????? "???" ?????, ????? ?? ??? ????? ? ?? ?? ??? ????, ????? ?????? ?? ??? ??? ???? ??. ????? ??? ????? ????? ?????, ???? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ????? ?? "????????, ???????? ????? ???????? ??????? ?????????? ??????????? ????????, ???? ????????? ??????? ????????." ^[7] ????? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ?????? ????. ??????, ? ????? ???? ?????, ????? ????? ?? ????? ????? ?????? (???? ??? ????????) ?? ??? ???? ????.

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? ??"? ?? ?????? ????? ?? ?????, ?????? ?? ????? ?? ????? ???? ?? ??? ?????. ?? ????, ???? ???????? ?? ????, ???? ?? ??? ? ????? ???????? ?? ???? ?????. ???? ???????? ??? ?? ????, ???? ?? ??? ? ??? ???????? ??? ?? ????. ???"?, ?????? ????? ??? ????? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ???, ?? ?? ??? ???? ?? ???? ?????. ???? ????? ???? ??. ? ???? ????? ????? ?? ????, ???? "??? - ?? ?????", ?"????? ??? ?? ?" ? ??? . ???? ?? ?? ??? ???? ???? ???? ???? ?? ??? ???. ??, ????, ????? ??? ?? ??? ”?????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ????? ???? ?????????? ??? ????????? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ?????” ^[8].

?????, ?? ??? ???? ????? ???? ????? ??????? ???? ????. ????, ????? ???? ??? ??? ????? ??? ?????. ??????: ??? ?? ??? ??? ??? , ??? ?? ??? . ????, ??? ??? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ??????? .

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????? ????? ???? ?? ????? ????? ???, ??? ???? ??? ???? ????, ?? ????? ?????. ????? ????? ???? ??? ??? ?????, ????? ???? ?? ??? ????? ???????, ???????? ???, ??????? ??????? ?? ??? ??? ? ???? ??? ? ?????? . ?????? ????? ???????, ?? ?????? ???????, ??? ??? ??????.

? ????? ???? ????? ????? ????? ?? ?? ???? ???? ?? ??? ?? ????? ????? ???? ???? ????? ?? ???. ???? ???? ????, ???? ?????? ??? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ?????.

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???? ?????? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ???????? ????, ??????? ????? ?????. ???? ??????? ?? ??? ?? ????? ??????? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ???? . ????????? ???? ????? ????? ??? ?? ???? ????? ??? ?? ?????? ????? ?? ??????? ?????. ????? ?? ???? ??????? ?????? ????? ????????? ????. ??? ?????? ?????? ??-????? ????? ????? ?????????, ???? ???? ????? ???? ? ???? ???? ??????? ?? ?? ????? ?? ????? ??????.

???? ??? ???????, ??? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ?????, ??? ??? ????? ????? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ???????? ??????????? .

????? ???? ?????? ????? ????, ?????? ?????? ????? ???? ?? ?? ????

???? ???????? (??????) [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

?????? ?????? ??????? ???? ?? ?????? ???"?, ?? ??????? ?? ??????, ??? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ????. ?? ??????, ?????? ???? ????????, ????? ???? ????????, ???? ???? ??????, ??? ???? ????? ????. ?????? ?? ???? ??????? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ???????, ???? ??? . ??????? ????? ?????? ?? ????, ?????, ???????, ????? ????.

????? ????? ?? ??? ???? ???? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

?????? ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ???? ???. ???????? ^[9] ? ???????? ????? ???? (Green-rumped parrotlet) ^[10] ??????? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ????? ?????. ????????? ?????????? ?????? ?? ?????? ????? ????????, ????? ?? ????? ?? ???? ??? ???? ??? ?????? ??? ????????. ????????? ??????? ??????? ??? ?? ??? ???? ?? ??? ????.

??? ?? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

??????? ???????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

???? ?????? ????? ???? ? ??????????
?????? ???? ????? , ??? ?????, ??? ???, ???? 2003
??? ???????, ???? , ???? Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (???????)
?? , ???? ??????????? ???????? (???????)
???? , ?? ??? ? ?????? ???????

?????? ????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

??? ?????? , ????? ???? ????? , ??? ??, ??????, ???"?.

????? ?????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

^ ?? ??? ??? ????? ???? ?? ??? ???? , ??? ?"? , ???? ?' , "???? ???? ??? ??? ???? ?? ???? ???? ???? ??? ??????? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ?????"
^ ¹ ² Fabry, Merrill ( 16 ??????? 2016 ). "Now You Know: Why Do We Have Middle Names?" (web article) . Time.com (???????). Time . ???? ?- 18 ????? 2018 . {{ cite web }}: ( ???? )
^ Room 1996 , p. 6.
^ Barolini 2005 , p. 91, 98.
^ "Egyptian Religion", E. A. Wallis Budge", Arkana 1987 edition, ISBN 0-14-019017-1
^ ???? ???????, ???????? ?? ????? ??? ?????? ????? (???? ??????? ??) , ??? ????: ???-?? ???? ????? ?????? 46, ???? ??????, 2001, ??' 312
^ ?????? ?? ?? ????? , ?, 49
^ ??? ?????? , ??? ?"? , ???? ?"?
^ "Dolphins Name Themselves With Whistles, Study Says" . National Geographic News. 8 ???? 2006 . ?????? ?- 14 ??????? 2006 . {{ cite news }}: ( ???? )
^ Berg, Karl S.; Delgado, Soraya; Okawa, Rae; Beissinger, Steven R.; Bradbury, Jack W. (2011-01-01). "Contact calls are used for individual mate recognition in free-ranging green-rumped parrotlets, Forpus passerinus" . Animal Behaviour (???????). 81 (1): 241?248. doi : 10.1016/j.anbehav.2010.10.012 . ISSN 0003-3472 .

[1] ?? ??? ??? ????? ???? ?? ??? ???? , ??? ?"? , ???? ?' , "???? ???? ??? ??? ???? ?? ???? ???? ???? ??? ??????? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ?????"

[middle-2] ¹ ² Fabry, Merrill ( 16 ??????? 2016 ). "Now You Know: Why Do We Have Middle Names?" (web article) . Time.com (???????). Time . ???? ?- 18 ????? 2018 . {{ cite web }}: ( ???? )

[FOOTNOTERoom19966-3] Room 1996 , p. 6.

[FOOTNOTEBarolini200591,_98-4] Barolini 2005 , p. 91, 98.

[5] "Egyptian Religion", E. A. Wallis Budge", Arkana 1987 edition, ISBN 0-14-019017-1

[6] ???? ???????, ???????? ?? ????? ??? ?????? ????? (???? ??????? ??) , ??? ????: ???-?? ???? ????? ?????? 46, ???? ??????, 2001, ??' 312

[7] ?????? ?? ?? ????? , ?, 49

[8] ??? ?????? , ??? ?"? , ???? ?"?

[dolphin_names-9] "Dolphins Name Themselves With Whistles, Study Says" . National Geographic News. 8 ???? 2006 . ?????? ?- 14 ??????? 2006 . {{ cite news }}: ( ???? )

[10] Berg, Karl S.; Delgado, Soraya; Okawa, Rae; Beissinger, Steven R.; Bradbury, Jack W. (2011-01-01). "Contact calls are used for individual mate recognition in free-ranging green-rumped parrotlets, Forpus passerinus" . Animal Behaviour (???????). 81 (1): 241?248. doi : 10.1016/j.anbehav.2010.10.012 . ISSN 0003-3472 .

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

[10]