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????? ?????? ????? ? ???????? ???? ?????

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???? ????????, ???????????? ???????
????? ?????? ?????
一?一路
?????? ???? ????? ????? ????????? ???-??????
????? ????????? ?????? ?? ??? עריכת הנתון בוויקינתונים
????? ??????? 2013????? (??11 ????)
www.yidaiyilu.gov.cn
לעריכה בוויקינתונים שמשמש מקור לחלק מהמידע בתבנית
????? ???, ??? ??? - ???????
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????? ?????? ????? ?? ???????? ????? ?????? ????? ??? ???? ??????? ?? ???? ?-21 ?? ????? ???, ??? ??? (???????: Belt and Road Initiative ???????: BRI ) ??? ????????? ?????, ??????? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ?? ?'?????? . ????????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????? ??? ??????, ??????? ?????? ???? ???? ????????? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ???????? . ?????? ??????? ?????? ?? ???? ??????? ??????? ??????? , ?? ???? ?? ????? . [1]

??????? ????? ??? ?????? ???????:

  • ???? ?????, ?????? "????? ??? ???? ???????".
  • ???? ??? , ?????? "??? ???? ?????".

??????? 2014 ?????? ??? ?? ???? ??? ?? 40 ??????? ???? ?????? ?????.

????????? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ??? ???? ????? ??????? ???? ??????? ?????????, ??????? ???? ????? ???? . [2] [3]

??????? ????? ??????? ?????? ???????? 2013, ?? ???? ??????? ??????? ?? ???? ?-SREB ?-MSR, ??????. ??????? ?? ????? ?? ??? ??? ?????? ?? ??'???? , ????? ??????? ??????? ? ???? ? ?????? .

?? ???? 2022 ??? ????? ?????? 1,118 ???????? ?????? ????? ?-150 ??????, ??????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????, ???????, ???? ?????? ?????? ??????.

??????? ???????? ?????? ???? 75% ?????????? ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ???"? ?????. [4]

??????? ?????? ?????? ???? ?? ????????? ??? ?????? ?? ??"? ?????, ?????? ??????? ???????. ?? ???, ?? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ???????, ??? ?? ????? ?? ????????? ?? ?????? ????? ( ??' ) ?????? ? ???-??????????? ???????????? ?????. ?????? ??? ????? ??? ?? ???? ??????? ????. [5]

????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

??? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

???????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?? ??????? ?????? ????? ( ??' ) ?? ?'???? ???-??? . ?-BRI ?? ?? ?'?????? ? ????? ?? ??????? ??. [6]

?? ?'?????? ????? ?? ?????? ?"????? ??? ???? ???????" ?-7 ??????? 2013 ??????????? ??????? ( ??' ) ? ????? ???????? [6] ?. ???????? 2013, ????? ???? ???? ??????????, ?? ?'?????? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ????? " ??? ???? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ????" ??? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ?? [6] .? ??? ?????? ?? ??'???? ???? ?? ????? ?-BRI ??????? ????? ??????? ???????? ????? ????????. ?????? ???? ?????? ????????? ??????? ???????? ??????, ??-2016 ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?- ????? ??? .

?????? ???????? ?? ?-BRI ?? "????? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ??? ??????? ??????????? ????????? ????, ??????? ?????? ????? ??????????, ??? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??????? ??????, ??????? ??? ????? ???? ????? ?? ????? ???, ????? ????????, ?????? ???? ??????????". [7] ????? ?????? ????? ????? ?"??? ??????" ???? ?? ?? ???????? ????? ?? ?????? ??????? ????? ???? /????????? ????, ?????? ????? ????? ??????. ??"? ?? ????? ?????? ??????? (WPC) ????? ?? ????, ???? ???, ????? ?? 900 ??????? ???? ?? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ????? ???, ????? ? ?????? ??? , 50% ??? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?? ??????. [8] ????? ?????? ?? ???? ??????? ??? ?? ??? ??? ????? ???? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ???? "????? ????? ?? ?????????? ?????? ????? ?????? ???????? ??? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ?'????? ???????' ??????? ?????? ????? ?? ??? ??????". [9]

????? ??????? ??? ?????? ???????, ?????, ????? ?????, ???? ????? ????, ???, ???"?, ??? ???? ????? ?????. [10] ??? ?????, ??? ?????? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ???????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ?????????, ????? ???? ?-68 ??????, ???? 65% ? ????????? ????? ?-40% ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???? ?-2017. [11] [12] ??????? ????? ?? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ??? ?? ??? ?????, ??????? ?? ???? ???? ? ??? ????? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ????? ???? ?'?? ?? ?????. ????? ?????? ????? ??????? ??? ??? ????? ???????? ?? ???? ???? ???????? " ??? ???? ", ???? ?????? ????? ??? ??????. [13]

?-BRI ???? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ??????, ???? ?????? ???????? ????? ???? ???, ????? ?? ????? ?? ??? ??????? ????? ?? ????? ?? ?????? ??????. [14] ??' 34

???? ?????? ???????, ?-BRI ???? ???? ?????????? ???? ???? ???? ?? ???????? ???????? ???? ???? ??????? ?????. [14] ??' 49

???? ??????? ???????, ?????? ????? ?????, ????? ?????????? ?? ??????? ???? ????? ????? ??????, ?????? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ???? ????? ????? ??? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ????, ?????? ??????? ?? ???. [15]

?????? ????????? ?????? ?? G7 - ?????? - ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ??? ??? 2019, ?? ?????? ?? ?????? ????? 2023 ????? ??-BRI. [16] ??? ?????? ?'???'?? ????? ?????? ?? ??????? ???? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ??????. [17]

?? ?? ??????, ??????? ???? ????? ???? ?? ???? ?-60% ?????????? ????? ??-35% ??????? ???????. ???? ????? ??? ???? ???? ????? ????? ???? 40% ??? ???? ??????, ???? ??? ???? ??? ???? ???. ???? ?? ??????? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ??????? ?? ??? ?????? ?????. [18]

???? ???? ?????, ?????? ??? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ??????? ?????, ??????? ???? ??? ??????, ????? ?????? ????????? ??????? ????? ????? ????? ?????. ??? ???? ????? ????? ?? ??????? ????? ????? ?????, ????? ?? ????? , ????? ?????? , ??????? ? ?'???? , ??? ????? ????? ?? ??? ????? ?? ??? ???? - ??????? , ? ???? - ???? ????? ????????? , ????? ?????. ??????, ????? ?????? , ? ???? . ??? ?????? ?? ????? ? ?'????? , ??? ??? ????? ? ???? ???? ??? ??????, ???? ????? ?? ???? , ???????? ? ????? , ????? ??? ???????? ?????? ????? ??????? ?????? ??????, ?? ???? ?????? ????????? ??? ??????? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ?? ?????? . [19] [20] [21] [22]

?????? ???, ?????, ??????? ???????, ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ??????? ???? ???? ????? ???????? ???????? ????? ??????, ???? ? ??? ??? ?????? ? ????????? ? ?????? . ??? ???, ???? ??????? ????? ??????? ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ??????? ????. ?????? ?????? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ??? ???? ???? ??????, ????? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ??????? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ?????? ???? ?????. [23] [13] ??' 112 [24]

???? ??????? ??? ????, ??? ???? ?? ???? ??? ???????? ???? ???????. [25]

?????? ?? ?????? ?'?? ???? ?? ?????? ??????? ???? ????? ????? ????? ??????. [26]

??? ????? ?????? ?? ?-BRI ????? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ???? ?????? ?? ???????? ???????, ???? ????? "??? ???? ?????????" ????? ???? ???????. [14] ??' 147

?? ??????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

??? ????????? ?? ??????? ?????? ?? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ???.

??? ????? ?? ?????? ??? ?????? ??????? ?? ??? ???? ?????????? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ????? ?? ???? ?-21 (Silk Road Economic Belt and 21st-Century Maritime Silk Road Development Strategy) ??????? (?????): ??之路???和21世?海上??之路?展?略) ??? ????? ?????? ????? ??? ??? ??? [1] (??????: 一?一路) ?? ????????? OBOR. ?????? ??????? ???? ?"????? ?????? ????? ( Belt and Road Initiative ) (BRI) ??? 2016, ???? ????? ??? ???? ????? ?? ?????? "???" ?"????????" ??? ?????? ??????? ????? ???? ?? ???? ????? ????? ???? "?????" ???????. ?? ???,"????? ??? ??? ???" ( One Belt One Road ) ??? ????? ???? ????????? ??????? ???? ??????.

????? ?????????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

??? ?????????? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ??? ??? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????? ????????? ??????. [12] [27] ??? ???????? ??????????? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ?? ??????? ?? ???? ( ??' ) ?? ??????? ????? . [28] [29] [30] ?????? ????? ???????? ?????? ?? PRC ???? ?????? ????? ????????? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ?????????, [31] ???? ?????? ??????? ??-BRI ???? ?? ???????? ???? ?????? ??????? ??????, ??????? ??? ?? ???????? ???????? ????. [32] ????? ?????? ??? ?'?? ???? ????? ??-BRI ???? ???????? ????????? ???? ???, ??? ?? ???? ???? ???? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ?? "????? ????? ??????? ?? ???? ?????". [33] :?281?282

??? ??? ?????? ???????? ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ??? ?????? , ???? , ??? ???? , ?????? ? ???????? ??? ???? ?? ?????? ??????? ????, ?? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ?? ??? ??? ?? ?? ?????? ??????. ?????? ?? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ????? ??? ???? ?????? ?????. ??????, ????? ??????, ??? ???? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ???? 2019. ?????? ??????? ????????? ????? ?????? ??????, ???? ?? ?????, ???? ?????? ?????? ????-???? ?????? ????? ?????? ??????? ??????. [34]

?????? ?????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

???? ???? 2023 ?? ??? AidData ( ??' ) ??????? ?? ?????? ???? ( ??' ) ??? ??????? ?????? ???"? ??? ????? ?????? ???????? ?? BRI ??????? ????? ?? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ??????? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ???????. [35] [36]

?-2023, ?????? ?. ??? ( ??' ) ?????? ?????? ?'???? ??????? ?????? ?? ??????? ?-BRI, ??? ????? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?????????, ?? ???? ??????? ?-BRI ?? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ???????. [37] ??'?161

???????? ????? ???????? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ??????? ????? ???? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????? ??????. [37] ??'?273 ? ??? ??????? ??? ???????? , ???? ??? ???????? ????? ?? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ????? ?? ??? ????? ??'?????. [37] ??'?273

??????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

?????? ????? ?? ???? ????? (MOU) ???? ?????? ?????? ?????

???? ??? ??????? ??????, ? ????? ?????? ????? ??? ??? ??????? (FOCAC) ( ??' ) ??? ?????? ????? ????? ??-???? ??????? ??????? ???????? ?? BRI. [38] ?????? ???-??? ?????? ????? (CASCF ( ??' ) ) ???? ????? ???? ???? ???? ???????? ?? BRI ??????? ???. [38]

????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

?????? ??????? ?????? ????? ???? ?? ??? ????? ?? ???? ????? ?? ??? ???? ???????? ??. ????? ??? ????? ????? ?? ?? ??????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ????? ???, [39] ?????? ??????? ????????? ??????? ?????? ????? ???????? ??? ??? ????? ???? ????? ?? ????? ????. [40] ???? ??? ???? ??? 154 ?????? ??????? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ??????? 2023 ?? ?? ??????? ????? ???????? ??????? ????? ?? ?????????? ???? , [41] ?????? ????? ??????? ????? ????? ??? ?? 148 ?????? ????? ???? 249 ?????? ???????? ??????. [42] ?????? ????? ??? ( ??' ) ???? ????? 139 ?????? ????? ???? ???? 2021; [43] ?????? ?????? ???????? ??? ?????? ?? ????? [44] ?????????. [45] ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ?? ????? ??? [39] ??? ????: [46]

  1. ???????? אפגניסטן ????????
  2. ?????? אלבניה ??????
  3. ?????? אוגנדה ??????
  4. ????????? אוזבקיסטן ?????????
  5. ??????? אוסטריה ???????
  6. ????????? אורוגוואי ?????????
  7. ???????'? אזרבייג'ן ???????'?
  8. ????? ????????? ??????? איחוד האמירויות הערביות ????? ????????? ???????
  9. ????? סיישל ?????
  10. ??? ???? איי שלמה ??? ????
  11. ????????? אינדונזיה ?????????
  12. ????? איראן ?????
  13. ?? ??????? אל סלוודור ?? ???????
  14. ?????? אלבניה ??????
  15. ???'???? אלג'יריה ???'????
  16. ?????? אנגולה ??????
  17. ???????? ??????? אנטיגואה וברבודה ???????? ???????
  18. ??????? אסטוניה ???????
  19. ???????? אפגניסטן ????????
  20. ???????? אריתריאה ????????
  21. ?????? ארמניה ??????
  22. ??????? אתיופיה ???????
  23. ???????? בוטסואנה ????????
  24. ??????? בולגריה ???????
  25. ??????? בוליביה ???????
  26. ?????? ?????????? בוסניה והרצגובינה ?????? ??????????
  27. ??????? בורונדי ???????
  28. ??????? ???? בורקינה פאסו ??????? ???? [47]
  29. ?????? בחריין ??????
  30. ?????? בלארוס ??????
  31. ?????? בנגלדש ??????
  32. ???? בנין ????
  33. ?????? ברבדוס ??????
  34. ?????? ברוניי ??????
  35. ??????? גאורגיה ???????
  36. ???? גאנה ????
  37. ???? גבון ????
  38. ????? גיאנה ?????
  39. ?'????? ג'יבוטי ?'?????
  40. ????? גינאה ?????
  41. ????? ????? גינאה ביסאו ????? ?????
  42. ????? ???????? גינאה המשוונית ????? ????????
  43. ????? גמביה ?????
  44. ?'????? ג'מייקה ?'?????
  45. ???????? דומיניקה ????????
  46. ????????? ??????????? הרפובליקה הדומיניקנית ????????? ???????????
  47. ???? ?????? דרום אפריקה ???? ??????
  48. ???? ????? דרום סודאן ???? ?????
  49. ??????? הונגריה ???????
  50. ??????? הונדורס ???????
  51. ????????? ?????-???????? הרפובליקה המרכז-אפריקאית ????????? ?????-????????
  52. ??????? וייטנאם ???????
  53. ?????? ונואטו ??????
  54. ??????? ונצואלה ???????
  55. ????? זמביה ?????
  56. ???????? זימבבואה ????????
  57. ??? ????? חוף השנהב ??? ?????
  58. ??'?????? טג'יקיסטן ??'??????
  59. ???? טוגו ????
  60. ????? טונגה ?????
  61. ?????????? טורקמניסטן ??????????
  62. ?????? טנזניה ??????
  63. ??????? ?????? טרינידד וטובגו ??????? ??????
  64. ???? יוון ????
  65. ???? ירדן ????
  66. ????? כווית ?????
  67. ?? ???? כף ורדה ?? ????
  68. ???? לאוס ????
  69. ????? לבנון ?????
  70. ??? לוב ???
  71. ????????? לוקסמבורג ?????????
  72. ????? לטביה ?????
  73. ?????? ליבריה ??????
  74. ???? ליטא ????
  75. ????? לסוטו ?????
  76. ????????? מאוריטניה ?????????
  77. ????????? מאוריציוס ????????? [48]
  78. ???? מאלי ????
  79. ?????? מדגסקר ??????
  80. ??????? מוזמביק ???????
  81. ??????? מולדובה ???????
  82. ???????? מונגוליה ????????
  83. ???????? מונטנגרו ????????
  84. ???? ????? מזרח טימור ???? ?????
  85. ?????? מיאנמר ??????
  86. ????????? מיקרונזיה ?????????
  87. ????? ????????? האיים המלדיביים ????? ?????????
  88. ?????? מלאווי ??????
  89. ????? מלזיה ?????
  90. ???? מלטה ????
  91. ????? מצרים ?????
  92. ??????? ??????? מקדוניה הצפונית ??????? ???????
  93. ????? מרוקו ?????
  94. ????? נאורו ?????
  95. ???????? נורווגיה ????????
  96. ?????? ניגריה ??????
  97. ??? ????? ניו זילנד ??? ?????
  98. ???'? ניז'ר ???'?
  99. ???????? ניקרגואה ????????
  100. ?????? נמיביה ??????
  101. ???? נפאל ????
  102. ??? ???? ????????? סאו טומה ופרינסיפה ??? ???? ????????? [49]
  103. ????? סודאן ?????
  104. ?????? סומליה ??????
  105. ????? סוריה ?????
  106. ??????? סורינאם ???????
  107. ????? ???? סיירה לאון ????? ????
  108. ????????? ?????? ?? ??? הרפובליקה העממית של סין ????????? ?????? ?? ???
  109. ??????? סינגפור ???????
  110. ??????? סלובניה ???????
  111. ??????? סלובקיה ???????
  112. ????? סמואה ?????
  113. ???? סנגל ???? [48]
  114. ????? סרביה ?????
  115. ??? ???? סרי לנקה ??? ????
  116. ????? עומאן ?????
  117. ????? עיראק ?????
  118. ??? ??????? ערב הסעודית ??? ???????
  119. ????? פולין ?????
  120. ??????? פורטוגל ???????
  121. ???'? פיג'י ???'?
  122. ?????????? הפיליפינים ?????????? ?????? ???? ?-2024 [50]
  123. ???? פנמה ????
  124. ????? ????? ????? פפואה גינאה החדשה ????? ????? ?????
  125. ?????? פקיסטן ??????
  126. ??? פרו ???
  127. ?'?? צ'אד ?'??
  128. ?'??? צ'ילה ?'???
  129. ?'??? צ'כיה ?'???
  130. ???? קובה ????
  131. ?????? קומורו ??????
  132. ????????? ????????? ?? ????? הרפובליקה הדמוקרטית של קונגו ????????? ????????? ?? ?????
  133. ????????? ?? ????? הרפובליקה של קונגו ????????? ?? ?????
  134. ????? ???? קוסטה ריקה ????? ????
  135. ?????? קזחסטן ??????
  136. ??? (?????) קטר (מדינה) ???
  137. ????????? קירגיזסטן ?????????
  138. ??????? קיריבטי ???????
  139. ??????? קמבודיה ???????
  140. ????? קמרון ?????
  141. ???? קניה ????
  142. ??????? קפריסין ???????
  143. ??????? קרואטיה ???????
  144. ?????? רואנדה ?????? [48]
  145. ?????? רומניה ??????
  146. ????? רוסיה ?????
  147. ?????? תאילנד ??????
  148. ??????? תוניסיה ???????
  149. ?????? טורקיה ??????
  150. ?????????? טורקמניסטן ??????????
  151. ???? תימן ????

??????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

?????? ??????? קוריאה הצפונית ?????? ???????

?????? ??????? ?????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

???? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

??? ??????? ??????? ????? (AIIB) [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

??? ????? ? ???? ??????? ??????? ???????
???? ??????? ??????? ???????

???? ??????? ??????? ??????? , ????? ??????? ???????? 2013, ??? ??? ????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ?????. ???? ???? 2015, ??? ?????? ?? ????? ???????? ???? (160 ??????? ????) ?? ???????? ??????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?? ?????. [60]

?????? ???????? ?? AIIB ?? ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ???????? ????? ????, ???? ?? ?????????? ???????, ???? ????? ????? ????? ?? ????? ???????? ???????? ???????. [61]

????? ????? (?????? ???????) ?? AIIB ???? ?????'??? ?-29 ????? 2015. ???? ????? ??? ????? ?? 100 ??????? ????, 75% ???? ????? ????? ?????????. ??? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ??????, ?????? ?-26.63% ??????? ??????. ????? ??????? ??? ???? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ?-AIIB. [62] ???? ??? ????? ?-16 ?????? 2016, ????? ?? ???? ???????? ???????? ??? ?????. [63]

??????? ??? AIIB ?????? ??????? ??????? ???? ???????? ?? AIIB, ?????? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ????? ????? ??? ?-BRI. ??' 85.

??? ??? ???? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

??????? 2014, ????? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????????? ?????? ?? ?'?????? ????? ?? ??? ????? ?? 40 ??????? ???? ??? ??? ??? ???? ( ??' ) ., ????? ????? ??????? ??? ??? ??????? ?? CPEC ( ??' ) . ??? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ??? ?????????. ?????? ???????????? ?? ?????, 50 ?"? (31 ????) ?????????, ??????, ??? ??????? ??????. [64]

????? ??????? ?? ??? (CIC) [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

????? ??????? ?? ??? ???? ?-BRI ?? ??? ????? ???????? ?????? ???, ??????? ?????? ????? ????? ??????? ?-BRI, ????? ???????? ?????? ?? ??????? ??????? ????. [48] ??' 124

Central Huijin, ???? ??? ??????? ?? CIC, ????? ??????? ?-BRI ??????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ???????, ???? ???? ??????? ( ??' ) ?? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ( ??' ) , ??? ????? ?????? ???????? ?? BRI. [48] ??' 124

?????? ???? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

???? 2017, ??? ?????? ??????? ????????? ?? G20 ?????? ?? ????? ??-2019 ???????? ?-G20 ?????? ?????? ???????. ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ??? ?"??? ????" ?????? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ??? ????? ??????????. [65] [66] ????? ??????? ?'??? ??????, ???? ?????? ????? ????, ??? ??? ??????? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ????. [14] ???' 6 ? ??????? ??????? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ??? ??????, ???????, ??'?????, ?????????, ???? ????? ?????? ?? ??????? ?-BRI. [14] ???' 146-147 ???? ???, ????? ????? ??????? ??????? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ??????? ?????? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ??? ?-BRI. [14] ???' 147

??? ??? ?????? ???????? ????? ?????. [67] ???????? ?????? ????????? ???? ?????? ?? ????, ??? ?? ???. [68]

????? ????? ????? ???? ???????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ????????? ?????? ????? ( ??' ) . ?? ???, ????? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ???????? ??????? ?????? ?? ?? ???? ????? ???????? ???? ????? ?????????? ?? ?????? ????? ?????. [69] ???? ?? ????? ???????? ( ??' ) , ??????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ??????????? ?'??? ??????? , ??? ???'???, ??????? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ????????, ????? ?? ??????? ?? ????????? ?? ?????? ????? ?? ??? ??? ??????? ?? ?? ?"????? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ??? ??? ?????, ?? ??? ??? ???? ???? ???????? ( ??' ) ". ?? ???? ?? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ??????. [70]

??????? ??? ??? ??????? BRI ???????? ??? ????? ?????????? ???????? ?????? ????, ??? ?? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???? ?? ?????? ???????, ???? ?????? ?'??? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ?-BRI ????? ???? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ??????? ???? ?????? ??????? ???????. [14]  ??' 69

???? ??? ????, ??"? ?? ?????? ?????? ???' ???? ??? ??????? ?? ?????? ??????? ????? ????????, ?????? ???? ??? ??????? ??? ?? ????? ?????? ( ??' ) ??????? ???? ????. ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ? ????? ?????? ( ??' ) ???? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ?????. [71] ?????, ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ???????? ??????? ????? ?? ???.

???? ?? ??? ??? ?????? ??????? ????????? ???????? ?? BRI ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ??????? ??? ????? ?? "?????? ??????". ?? ???? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ?? ??????? ?????? ??????? (???? ???? ?????????) ????? ???? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ?????? (???? ????? ????? ???, ????????? ???????? ?????? offshore) ????? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ?????????, ?? ??????? ?????? BRI. [72]

??????? 2022 ?????? ??? ?? ???? ?-17 ?????? ????????? ????? ?? 23 ???????? ??? ?????. [73] ???????? ??????? ???? 2021. [73]

????? ????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

????? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??? ???????? ??????? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ?????. ??? ????, ?? ???? ????, ?????? ?? ???? ????? ?????????? ?? ??-????? ?????, ????? ???? ????? ???????? ??????. [74] ?? '????? ?????? ?????' ?? ???, ???????? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????. [75] ??? ??????? ??? ??????, ??? ?? ??? ??? ????. [76] ???????? ?????? ???????? ?? ?-60 ??????, ????? ????? ????????, ?? ?????? ?? ?? ???????? ????? ??????, ???? ?? ?? ?????? ?? 4?8 ??????? ????. [77] [78] ?????? ?????? ??????? ????? ???? ????? ????? ???????? ?????? ?????, ??????? ?????-?????? ? ?????? ???? ???????? ?????-??????? ( ??' ) . [77] ??????? ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ??? ???? ????? ??????? ??????? ???? ???? ??? ??????? ????? ?? ??? ????? ???? B&R. ????????? ???????? ??????: [76]

??? ?? ?? ???????? ??? ????? ?? ????? BRI ?????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ?? ???, ????? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ?????? ??????. [88] ??' ?98 ?? 2022, ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???? ??? ???? ????. [88] ??' ?99 ? ??? ?? ???? ????? ????? ????, ??????? ?? ??? ???? ????? COVID-19 ???? ???? ?????? ??????? ?????, ?????? ?? ????? ??????. [88] ??' ?99

????? ?????? ?? ??? ???? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

????? ??? ?? ?'?????? ???? ? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ??????? ???????? 2013, ????? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ???, "?????? ??????? ?? ??? ????" (SREB) (??????: ??之路???). [89] ?"?????" ????? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ??????? ??? ???? ????, ???? ????, ????? ?????? ???????. ?????? ????? ???? ????? ????? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ??????? ??????? ???? ??? ????? ??? ????? ????? ????? ????? ?? ????? ??? ???? ?????? ???????. [90] ???? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????.

????? ????? ?????? ????? ??? ???? ???? ?????????, ????? ????? ?? ???? ???? ????? ???? ????. ?-BRI ???? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ???????, ?????? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ???????? ??? ???? ?? ??????. [91] ?210

???? ???????? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ???? ??????? ??????? ????? (AIIB) ?????? ???.[???? ?????]

???? ?????? ??????. ?????? ??????? ????? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ???????. ?????? ??????? ????? ??? ???? ???? ????? ???? ?? ????? ????? ? ??? ?????? . ?????? ??????? ????? ???? ??? ???? ???? ???? ????? ???? ??? ????????? ????? ????? ?? ??????. ????????? ???? ?? ??? ?? ???? ???? ??????? ?????? ?????? Nurly Zhol ( ??' ) ?? ??????. [92]

??? ???? ????? ?? ???? ?-21 [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

??? ??????? ????
?????? ?????? ?????? ?'???, ???? ????

" ??? ???? ????? ?? ???? ?-21 ( ??' ) " (??????:21世?海上??之路), ?? ?? "??? ???? ?????", ??? '???????' ?? ???? ???. [90] ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ????. ????, ???????? ??????? ??? ???? ???? ??? ??????: ?? ??? ??????, ???? ????????? ???? ????? ????????? ????? ???? ????. [93] [94] [95] ??? ???? ??????? ???????? 2013 ?? ??? ?? ?'?????? ????? ???? ??????? ?????????. [96] ??? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?? ??? ????, ??? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???? ??????? ??????? ?????.

??? ???? ????? ????? ?? ???????? ??? ????? ????? ????? ??? ????? ? ?'???? , ??????? ? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ????? ? ??????? ?? ??? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ???? , ???? ????? ????????? ?? ?????? ????? ????????, ??? ? ?'????? , ??? ??? ??? ????? ? ???? ???? ?? ??? ??????, ???? ??? ???? , ???????? ? ????? ?? ??? ???????? ?????? ??? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ????????? ??? ??????? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ?? ?????? . ?? ?? ?????? ???? 2019, ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ???. ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ???????. ??? ???? ????? ????? ?? ?????????? ?????? ????? ?????? ??????? ???? ???? ??????? ??????? ??? ???? ???? ??????, ?? ??? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ??????? ???? ??? ????? ???????, ????????? ?????? ??????????? ???? ?????? ?????. ????, ???? ??????? ??????? ???? ??? ?????? ??????-???-????-?????? (BCIM). ??? ??????????? ?? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ???????? ?????? ???, ??? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????????? ?? ???? ??????. [97] ??? ?????? ???????? ???????, ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ???????? BRI ?? ???. [98]

?????? ???? ??????, ?????? ????? ????, ??? ????? ??? ?????????? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ? ???? ?? ????? ?? ???? ??????. ???? ?????? ?? ????, ??? ???? ????? ???? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ??????? . ????? ???? ???????, ???? ??? ???? ?? 32 ?????? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ????????? ?????? ????? ? ???? ???? ?? ??????? . ??? ?????? ?? ??? ??????, ??? ??????, ??? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ? ??????? ( ??' ) ,??????. ????? ?????? ??? ??????, ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ??? ?????? ( ??' ) ??? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ???'?? ( ??' ) ??????? ????-???? ?????. [99] [100]

???? ?????????? ??? ???? ???, ??? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ????, ??????, ???? ????? ???????. ???? ?????? ??? ????? , ??????? ? ???? , ???? ????? ????? ?????. ????????, ??? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ???????, ????? Pinnacle. ?? ??????? ??????? ?? 60 ??????? ???? ??????? ??????? ??????? 2018, ?????? ?????? ??? ??? ???? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???????, ???? ???, ????? ??? ???????? ?????? ????. [101]

??? ????? ???? ?????? ??????? ??? ??? ??????. ??? ???, ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ?? 350 ?????? ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ?? 2026 ???? 200 ?????? ???? ????????? ?????? ???? ??????. [102] ???????, ??? ???? ?????? ??????? ? ??????? ?? ??? ???? ??????? ??? ? ???? ( ??' ) , ??????? ??????? ????? ???????? ???????? ???? ??????? . ? ?????? , ????? ???? ???????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?? ??? ???? ?????, ?? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ?? ???? ?? ???? ???. [103]

???? ?????? ????????? ?? ??????? ???? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??????, ????? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ????????. [104] [105] ??????, ????? ????????? ?????? ??????? ?????????? ????????? ???? ?? ??? ????? ????? ????????? ????????. [106] [107] ?? ?? ?? ?? ?????? ?????????? ??? ?????? ? ??? ?????? ?? ??????? ( ??' ) , ??????? ???? ????, ???? ????? ??????? ???????'. ?? ?? ????? ????? ????, ???? ??? ??????? , ??????? ( ??' ) ?????? ????? ??'??? . ???? ??????? ???? ?????? ???? ???????, ???? ??'???? ????? ??????, ????? ????? ?? ???????, ???? (???? ???? 2019) ?????? ???? ??????? ????? ??? ??????? ( ??' ) ?? ??????? ? ??????? ?? ??? ??????? , ???? ????? ?? ??? ???? ?????. [108] [109]

???? ?? ???????

???? ?? ??????? ????? ????-???????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ????????. ???????? ????????? (??? ?? ??????), ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ????????, ??????? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ???-????-???? ??????, ?????? ?-2012. ????, ?????? ?? ????? ?????-??????, ????? ????? ?????? ??? ??????, ????? ???????? [110] ???????? ???? ??? ????????-????? ???? ??????. ????? , ??????? ???????, ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ??????? ?? ?? ???? ???? ????? ??????? ??????? ????, ???? ??????? ???????? ??? ???? ??? ???????? ??????? ????? ??????, ???? ????. ????? ????, ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ??????? ????. ?????? ?????? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ??? ???? ???? ??????, ???? ??? ????? ????? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ?? ??????? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ?????? ???? ?????. [111]

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

???? 2025, ????? ???? ???? ( ??' ) ???? ?? ?? ??? ???????? ?????? ?? ???? ??????. ??? ???????, ???? ?? ?'??? ????? ??? ??? ???? ??????? ????? ????? ??? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ????? ??????, ??? ???? ??? ????? ??????? ??????. ???? 2019, ???? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ( ??' ) ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ???? ??????? ??????. ????? ???? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ????? ?-10,000 ?-25,000 ????? ???????? (?????? Trihub) ??????? ???????? ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ??? ?????? ????. ????? ?? ?????? ??????? ??? ??? ???? ??? ???????? ??????? ?? ????????? . ?? ???? ?? ????? ????? ??????? ?? 100 ?????? ???? ???? ???? ??????? ???? ?? 32 ???? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?? 45 ?????? ???? ???? 2020 ?????? ????? ?????? ???? ????. [113] ??? ?? ??, ????? ?????????? ?? ??? ?????? HHLA ( ??' ) ?????? ????????? ????????? ?? ??? ??????? (PLT) ??????? 2020. [114] ???? 2020, Duisburger Hafen AG (Duisport), ?????? ????? ????-?????? ?????? ?????, ???? 15% ?????? ???? ??????? ????????. [115] ???? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ??????, ???? ???????? ????? ?????? ?????. [116] ???? ?? ?????? ????? ???? ??? ???????? ??????, ???? ?? ????????? ????????? ?-Cervignano. [117] ????, ???? ??? ???????? ?????? ????? ???????? ?????? ?? ??????? ???????? ??????? ??? ????? ?????? ? ????? ??????? ( ??' ) . ??????? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ??????? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ??? ????? ???? ???????? ?????? ??? ????? ?????-??????? (????? ???? ?????? ( ??' ) , ????? ????? ( ??' ) ?????? ???? ???? ????? ???? ???? ( ??' ) ). [118] [119] [120]

??? ???? ???? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

????? ???? ???? ?????, ???? ?? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ?????? "??? ??? ????" ????? ???? ??? ?????? ????? ??????, ????? ???? ??? ???? ???? ????????????? ?? ?????. [121] [122]

???? ?????? China COSCO ( ??' ) Shipping Corp ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ????????, ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ????? ? ?????? ??? ??? ????? ( ??' ) ???? ???? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ??????, ?????? ?????? ??????. [122]

??? ???? ????????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

??? ???? ????????? ??? ????? ?-BRI ????? ????? ???????? ???????, ????? ???????? ????????? ?????? ????? ????????. [123] ??' 177?188 ?????? ??? ???? ?? ????????? ????????? ??? ??????? ???????? ?? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ??????? ?? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????????? ???????? ????????. [124] ??' 205 ? ??? ?-BRI ????? ??? ????, ??? ???? ????????? ???? ?????????, ??? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ??????? ?????? ?? ???. [124] ??' 205

???? ???? ???? ?????????, ??? ???? 34 ????? ??????? ??????? ????? ??-?????? ?-12 ?????? BRI ?????, ?????? ??????? ????? ?????? 2017?2022. [123] ??' 180 ? ?????? ??????? ???? ???? ????????? ????????? ???? ???? ???? ????? ????? ?? 79 ??????? ???? ???? ?-2018. [124] ??' 205

???? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ??????, ?? ?'?????? ????? ?? ??????? ?? ????? ??? ??? ???????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ???? ????????????, ?????? ?????????, ???? ????????, ???????????? ?????? ??????. [123] ??' 77

???? ?????? ?????? ?????-?????? ?????? ????? ?? ??? ???? ????????? ?????? ?????????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ????. [125]  ??' 187

??? ??? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

?????? ??? ??? ( ??' ) ???? ???? ?? ????? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ( ??' ) ????? ???, ???? ???? ????, ???? ???? ????, ???? ????, ???? ???? ????? ????. ????? ??????? ???? ?? ???? ???? ???? ????? ??? ???? ??. [126] [127]

???? ????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

??????? ?????? ?? ?????????????????????? (BCIM) ( ??' ) ???? ?????? ????? ??? ??????? ??????? ???? ????? ???? ?"???? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????". [84] ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? 2019, BCIM ??? ?????? ????????? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????. [128]

???????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

????? ?????? ?????. ??? ?????. ???? ???? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?????. [129]

??? ????? ?-149 [130] ?????? ?-30 ??????? ?????????? [131] ???????? ????? ?? BRI ??????? ?????, ?????, ?????? ??????, ????? ???, ????? ?????????????. [132] ??????? ??? ( ??' ) ??? ?????? ?? ??????? ?????? ?? ???-??????, ????? ????? ????-???????? ( ??' ) ????? ???? ?????? ?? Khorgas ( ??' ) . [133] [134] [135]

????? BRI ????????? $ ?-2014 ?? 2018 [136] [137]
???? ?????
?????? פקיסטן ?????? 31.9 ??????? סינגפור ??????? 24.3
?????? ניגריה ?????? 23.2 ????? מלזיה ????? 14.1
?????? בנגלדש ?????? 17.5 ????? רוסיה ????? 10.4
????????? אינדונזיה ????????? 16.8 ????????? אינדונזיה ????????? 9.4
????? מלזיה ????? 15.8 ???? ?????? דרום קוריאה ???? ?????? 8.1
????? מצרים ????? 15.3 ????? ישראל ????? 7.9
????? ????????? איחוד האמירויות ????? ????????? 14.7 ?????? פקיסטן ?????? 7.6

????? ????????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

????? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ?? ????? ??? ?????? ??????. ??"? ????? ?? ???? ??????? ???? ?- HSBC ??? ?? ?-BRI ????? ??????? ????????? ??? ????????? ?????? ?? ?????. ??????? ??? ?????? ????? ??? ?????? ???, ????? ?????? ????????? ?????? ??????. [138] ????? ??? ?????? ( ??' ) , ??? ???? ???? Emba Hunutlu ( ??' ) ???????, ????? ???? ?-BRI, ???? ??????? ?? ????? ??? ????? ( ??' ) ?? ??????? ???????? . [139] ????? ??????? ( ??' ) ?????? ?????? ??? ???? ?????, ????? ????? ????? ????? , ? ????? ? ????? ???? ?????? ? ????? ??? ??????? ???, ????? ?????, ????? ????? ??? ( ??' ) ?????? ????? ???? ?????? ???????? ????? ??????? ????? ????? ?? ??? ??????? ????? ??? ???? ??????? ???? ????. [140]

????? ?????? ?? ?-BRI ????? ???? ??????? ????????? ?? ????? ? ???????? ??????? ( ??' ) ???? ????? ???? ??????? ????? ????, ?????????? ?????? ????????. ??????, ????, ?? ???? ???? ??????? ?????? ??? ?????? ???? ??????, ??????? ?? ????? ??? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ????, ??? ?? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ????. [141]

??? ????? ?????? ??????? Urgewald ( ??' ) , ????? ??????? ?? ??? ???? ???? ????? ????? ???? ?? ????? ???? ??????? ????? ??????? ????? ???. [142] ??????? ???? ?? BRI ???? ?? 42% ??????? ???"? ?? ??? ?-2018, [143] ?-93% ??????? ??????? ?? ??? ??? ???? ??????? ?-BRI ??????? ?????? ???????. [144]

????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ??? ?????? ??????? , ???????? , ??? ??? ?? ( ??' ) ? ???? ??? . [145]

?????? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ???????? ( ??' ) ???? 2017, ????? ?????? ????? ?? ?'?????? ??? ?-BRI "????? ??? ????? ???? ?? ????? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ?????, ??? ????, ?????? ??? ?????" ????? ?????? ???'??? ?? 2030 ?????? ?? ????? . [146] ??"? ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ???????? ? ????? ????? ???????? ??????? ?????????? (CCIEE) ( ??' ) ??????? ?? ?-BRI ???????? ????? ?? ??????, ?? ??? ??? ????? ??? ????, ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ?? ?????. [147] ????? ????? ?? ??? ????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?-BRI ?????? ???? ?? ?????? ? ???? ???? , ?? ??? ?????? ???????? ???????? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??????. [148] [149]

????????? ?????????? ?????? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ???????? (BRIGC) ????? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ???????? ?????? 2019. [37]  ??' 60 ? ????? "???? ????? ?? ?????, ???? ?????? ??????? , ???????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????? ????? ?? ???... ???? ????????? ?? ????? ?????? ?????". [150] [151] [152] ?? ???, ?????? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ???????? ???? ??????. ?? ???? ???? ?????? ????????? ?-BRI ??????? ??????? ?? ?????? ????? ???????? ?? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??????. [148] [153] ???? ???, ??????? ?????? ?????? ????? ??? ?????? ?????? ????? ?? ??? ???? ??????, ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ???????? ???????? ?? ?????? ????????? ?? ???????? ????????. [154] ?? ???? ????? ??????? ?????? ????? ?" ????? ????? ( ??' ) " ???? ? ???? ?????? ??????? ?????? ( ??' ) ??????, ?? ?? ??????? ??? ??? ???? ????? ???????. [155] [156]

??????? 2021, ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ?? ?'?????? ????? ?? ???? "????? ?? ??????" ??????? ??????? ????? "?????? ????? ???? ????" ??? ???? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ???? ???. [157]

?????? ?? ???? ?????? ??? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

?? ?? ??"? ?? ?-NGO ???????? ????? ?????? ???? ( ??' ) (China Labor Watch), ?? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ???"?. ?????? ??????? ?????? "?????? ????? ?????" ????? ??? ??????? ?? ???????? ?? ??????? ???? ??? ?????? ?????? ????, ?????? ??? ????? ???? ????? ????? ?? ????? ???????? ????? ?? ????? ????? ???? ?? ????? ????? ???, ?????? ??? ????? ????? ???? ??????, ??????? ?? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ????, ?????? ???? ????? ??? ?? ?????, ?????? ??????, ????? ?? ????? ????, ??????? ??????? ??????? ?????, ??????? ?? ?????? ????? ?? ??????? ??????, ?????? ???? ????? ????? ???? ??????., ??????? ?? ??? ???????? ?????? ??????. [158] [159]

?????? ??????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

????, ???? ???? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ???????? ??? ???????? ?? BRI ???? ????? ????? ???? ????? ????. [14]  ??' 148 ? ?????? ?'??? ?????? ???? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ??? ????? ?? ?-BRI ????? ???? ????? ???????????? ?????? ??????? ???? ????????. [14]  ??' 148

????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

??? ????? ????? ????? ????? ????? ??? ?? ?'?????? ??? ?????? ?-2016
????? ????? ??????? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ?'?????? ?-4 ??????? 2022

???? ???? 2020, ???? ?-130 ?????? ????? ??????? ??????. [68] ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ???, ??????? ????? ?? ??? ??? ??? 150 ???????? ???????, ???? ??????? ?? ???? ? ??? ???? ??????? ( ??' ) . [???? ?????] ???? 2015, ??? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ??????? ??? ?? "???? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ??????? ?? ??? ???? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??? […] ??? ???????? ? ????? ?????? ?????-?????? ".

????? 2016, ????? ??? ?? ?'?????? ???? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ????? ????'?? ???? ??? ??? ?????? ????? ????? . ???? ??? ???? ?? ????? ?? ?????? ???????? ??? ?? ???? ?? ?? ? ????? ???? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ????????? ?????? ????.

?????? ?????, ??????? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ???????, ?? ????? ??? ???? ?? ?-BRI ?????? ????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ??? ????????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ?? ????? BRI. ??? ?? ??? ???????? ??????? ???????. ??? ?? ??, ???? ???? ????? ???????: ????? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ????????? ????? ?????? ????????. [160]

??? ? ?????????? ?????? ???????? ??? ?????? ??? ???? ?????? ?????, ??? ????? ?? ?????? ?-BRI ??????? ?? ?????? ??? ?????????? ? ?? ??? ?????? . ?????????? ?????? ?? ???????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??? ??? ?????? ??? ????? ??????? ?????? . [161]

???? 2017, ????? ???????? , ?? ????? ?????? ( ??' ) ?????, ??? ?-Project Syndicate Project Syndicate ( ??' ) ?? ??????? ??? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ??? ????? ?????. [162] ??? ???? ?? ???????? ??????? ?????? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ????? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ???? ??? ???? ??? ????, ??? ????? ???? ?? ????? ????. [162]

?????? 2019 ?????? ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ( ??' ) ????, ??? ???? ????? ?? ???????? ??? "??? ?? ?????? ?????, ??? ????? ??????" ?? 18 ?????? ??????. ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????? ???? ?-BRI ??????? ????? ??????? ????? ?????? ????. [163]

???? , ??????? ?-14 ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ??????? ?? ??? ?????? ?-BRI. ???? 2019, ?????? ????? ????? ??????? ?- G7 ??????? ?-BRI. ??????? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ????? ????? 2.5 ??????? ???? ?? ??? ???? ?? ?????? ???? ??????, ????????? ??????? ?????. [164]

????? ??????? ???????? ????BRI, ??? ????? ????? ?????, ??????? ????? , ?????? ????? ??????? BRI ???? 2019. ??? ????? ?? ??? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ?????? ????? ??? ???? ???? ?-BRI. "??, ????? ?????? ????? ????. ??? ???? ???? ?? ??????? ??????? ???? ?? ???? ???? ???? ???? ???. ?? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ????", ??? ??????? . [165]

???? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ( ??' ) , ????? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ?????, ??? ????????? ???-????? ?????? ?????? ??? ????-????. ??? ???? ??????? ?????? ?????-???? (EEU) ?????? ?????? ????? ?? ??? ????? ??? ??? ???? ????????? ?????? ????? ?????. [166] [???? ???? ??? ????]

???????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

??? ????????? ????????, ????? ??????? ????? ???????, ???? ????? ?????, ?????? ?? BRI ??????? ???? ??? ????????? ???????? ?? ??? ??????????? ( ??' ) . [167] [168] ?????? ?-BRI ????? ?????, ??? ? ???????? ????? ????? ?????, ??? ?????? ?????? ( ??' ) ?-2019, ?????? ????? ??? ???? ???? ????? ( ??' ) ?? ?- G7 ?-2021. [169] [170]

????? ????? ????? ????? ????? ??? " ????????? ????-?????? ??????? ??????? ( ??' ) " (FOIP). ?????? ???????? ????? ?? ????????? ????? ????? ????? ????: ??????, ????? ?????. [171] ?????? ???? 2019, ??? ????? ???? ?? ??????? ??????? ?? "?????" ?"????" ?????? ??????? ???????: ????? ??????? ???????; ????? ??????? ????? ????; ??? ?????, ???? ?????; ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ??????????. [172]

????? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ?? ???. [173] ????, ?? ??????? ??????? "??????? ?????? ?? ???-??????" (CPEC) ????? ??????? ???????? ?? ??? ???? ???? ???????? ??????? ????????????. [174]

??? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ????? , ??? ?????? ?? ???? ???????? ?? BRI ???? ??? ???? ??? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ?-BRI, ?? ???? ??? ?? ?????. [175] [176]

?????? ??????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

?????? ???????? ??????? ????? ??????? ?? ???, ???? ??? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ??????? ?-BRI. [177] ?????? 2023, ??????? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ????? ?????, ???? "?????? ?????? ????? ?????? ???????? ??? ????? "??? ????????, ????? ???" ???? ????? "????? ????"" ??? ?????? ??????? ????. [178]

???? ?????? ????? ???? ?? "????? ????????" (EAI) ????? ??? ?????? ????-????. ?????? ??????? ??? ???? ??????, ????? ??????? ?? ?????? ??? ????-??? ????? ????? ????? ?? ?????????? ??????, ??????? ??????? ??????? ??? ??? ??? ???????? . ?????, ????? ??? ?'???-??? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ??? ????, "???????? ??????? ?????" (NSP), ?????? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ????. [179]

???? ??????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????, ?????? ????? ??????? ????? ???? ????????????. ??????? ??????, ????? ???? , ?????? ?? ?-BRI "???? ?????? ??????? ??????, ?????? ????? ???????? ?? ???? ???". ?????? 2019 ???? ???? ?????? ????? ???, "???? ???? ??????? ????? ?? ??? ?? ??????... ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ?????? ???." [164] ??? ??????? ???????? ?'?? ???? ????? ???? ????? ??? ????? ??? ???? ?? ???? ????? ? ????? ??????? 2019 ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?? ??? ??? ???? ??? ?????? ????? ?????? ??????, ?????? ????????? ?????????. [180] [181]

???? 2018, ??? ?????? ?? ????? ???????? ?????-???? ????????, ????? ?????? ( ??' ) , ??? ?? ???? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ???. [182] [183] ?? ????? ???? ????? ( ??' ) ???? ?? ?-BRI ?"????? ?????? ????" ?????? ?"???? ????? ?? ??????? ???", ??? ???? ???? ?"???????? ????? ?????? ???? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ???.". ??? ?????? ???? ??????? ??? ?????????? ????? ???? ??????? ????? ??????, ?????? ?? "?? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ???? [??????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?? ????????? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ?? ?????]. ????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ??????, ???? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ??? ????? ??????? ??? ?????? ???, ??? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???? ". ?????? 2021, ??? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ?? ???????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????, ????? ?? ??????? ?? ???????? ?????? ?? ???, ????? ??????? ?????? "????? ????". [184] [183] [185] [186] ????? ????? ?????? ????? ??? ?? ????? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ??? ?????? ???????? ????, ??? ???? ????????? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ????? ?????? [187] ?????? ?????? ????? ???????? ?????? ?? ?????? ???? ?-COVID-19, [188] ??? ????? ????? ???????? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ????, ???? ?????? ??????? [189] ?? ?? ??? ??????. [190]

?????? ?? ???-??????????? ?????????? ?? ?????? ????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

?????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

?????? ?????, ???? ?????? ???????, [191] ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ??? ?? ???-??????????? , ??? ?? ??????? ??? ????? ?? ??? ????? ? ????????? ?? ?????? ????? ( ??' ) ??? ???? ?? ??????? ?????? ?? ??????. [192] ????? "????????? ?? ?????? ???" ????? ???? ??????? ?? ??? ???? ????? ????, ?????? ???? ??????? ?????? ???? ????, ???? ????? ?????? ??????? ?? ??? ???????? ????????, ???? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ???????? ???? ???????? ??????. [193]

??? ????? ?? ?????? ????? ?????? ???????, ????? ?? ????? ???????, ???? ????? ?? ?? ??????? ??????, ????? ??????, ???? ??????, ????? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ?????????? , ???? ?????? ??????? ???????. [194]

???? ??????, ?'?? ??????? , ??? ?????? ??????? ?? ??????? BRI ????? ??? "?????? ????????". [195] ??????, ???? ?????? ?????? ????? "????? ???? ??????? ?????? ?? ?? ??? ???????", ???? ??????? ?????? ??? ??? ????? ?? 33 ???? ?????? ????? ?? 99 ???? ?? ????? ???. ??????? ??? ?? ?????? ?????? ??? ???? ?? ????? ??????, ?? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ?? ????? ????? ???????. [196]

????? ????? ?. ?. ?'????'? ???? ???????? ??? ??? ????? ?? ????????? ????? ???? ????? ( ??' ) . [197] ????? ?'????'?, ?????? ????? ???????? ?? ??? ????? ?? ???????? ?? ?????? ???? ????? ??????? ?????? ??????. ????? ??? ??? ???? ?? ????'??? ?? ??'?????? ?????? ??? ?? 1,158 ??"? ?????? ??? ????? ???? 1.2 ??????? ???? ???? ??? ???? ?? 2.9 ??????? ????. ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ??????? ?? ??????, ??????, ????????, ?????????, ?????????, ????????, ??? ???? ????? ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ????. [197] ????? ???? ????? ??????? ???? ?? ????? ???? ????? ???? ????? ?? ?????? 30% ????? ??? ????. [14]  ??' 102

???? 2021, ???? DRC ????? ??????? ??? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ?? ??? ????? ?'??? ????? ,[223] ???? ?? ???? '??????? ????? ?????' ?? Sicomines ????? ???????? ??????. [198] [199] [200] ???????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ???? ????'???? ?????? ??? ??????? ?????? ????'???? ??????? ?? ?????? ?? 500 ?????? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ???????? ?? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??? ??????? ?????? ? ??? ?? ???? ( ??' ) . [201] [202]

?????? ??????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

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

????? ???????? ? ??? ?????? ??????? ???????????, ??????? ??????? ??????? ????? ???? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ???. "??????? ????-??????????????" ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ???? ????????? Hambantota ( ??' ) ?? ??? ???? ???? ????? ????? ?? ??? ????, ??? ???????? ???????? ????? ?? "????????? ?????? ?????". [205] ???? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ?????, ??????????? ????? ??? "?? ?? ?? ???-???????????, ??? ?? ??????? ?????? ". [205] ?????, ????? ??????? ???????? ?????????? ( ??' ) , ???? ????? ???????? ?????????? ?????? ???????, ??? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ???? ???????? ??????, ??? ???? ????? ?"??????? ?? ????? ?? ??????? ???????? ???????? ????????? ??????? ?????. ". [206] ?? ???? ?? ??? ???? ???? ( ??' ) . ??"? ???? 2019 ?? ???? ???? ( ??' ) ??? ?? ??? ?? ???? ??????? ??????? ????????? ???? ??? ??????? ?????? ?????????? ?? ?????? ????? (?????? ?? ?????? ???? ?????), ???? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???? ??????? ????????? ????; ?? ???, ???"? ???? ???? ???? ???? ???????? ?? ?????? ???????? ??????? ?? ?????? ????????? ????, ?????? ?? ?????? ??????? ????? ????? ??????. [207] ???? ????? ???? ???? 2020 ???? ?? ??? ???????? ????????? ?? ??? ???? "????? ?? ??????" ?????????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ???, ?? ???? ?? ?????? "?????" ?????? ???????? ???? ?? ??? ????? ??? ???? ?????, ?????? ??'???? , ??? ????'???. [208] ????? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ?? ??? ???? ????? ?? ???????? ???????, ??? ?"??????? ??????? ????? ???? ??????? ?? ??? ?????". [208]

????? Rhodium, ???? ???? ????????, ????? ?? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?? ??? ??? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ?????. ????? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ??? ?????? ????? ??????? ??????. ?????? ???? ?? "?????? ????? ?? ????? ???? ????" ??? ????? ??? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????. [209]

???? ???, ???? ???? ? ?????????? ??????? ?? ???????? , ??? ?? ???? "?????????? ?????? ????" ????? ?? ????? ?????, ????? ? ???? ????? ??? ????. [210] Dawn C. Murphy, ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????????? ?????? U.S. Air War College, ???? ?????? ?? ????? ???????? ?? ??? ?"???-?????????????" ??? "????? ??????". [211]

????? ???? ?????? ?????? Zhexin Zhang, ???????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????, ??? ???? ???? ????? ??????? ?"????? ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ????????" ????? ???? 2017, ?????? ??? ????? ?? ????? ????-???????????. [212]

???? ????? ??? 2018 ?????? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ( ??' ) , ???? ????? ??????????, ????? ?? ??? ????? 2001 ?-2017, ??? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ?-51 ?????? ??????, ??? ?????? ?-BRI, ???? ?????? ?? ???? ?????. [213] ????? ???? ?????? ????? ??????, ?? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ????. [14] ??' 87 ? ??????? 2018, W. Gyude Moore, ?? ??????? ???????? ?????? ????? ????? ??????? ???? ????? ?????? ??????, ??? ?? "???? ?? "????????? ?????? ?????" ?????? ???? ??????? ?????, ?????? ?????? ?????, ???? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ?????? ??? ??????? ?? ??????." [214] ??? ?? ????? ?? "??? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ??????". [215] ?? ?? Pradumna Bickram Rana ?-Ji Xianbai Jason ? ??????????? ?????????? ?? ??????? ????????, ????? ????? ???? ????? ????? ??????? ???? ????? ?????? ?????, ????? ??? ???? COVID-19, ?????????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ??? "???? ????? ???????". [216] ???? ??? ?????? ??? ??????? ????? ???????? ?? ????? ?????? ???????? ????, ?? ??????? ?? ??????? ?? ??? ????? ??????? ??? ????? ???? ??????? ??????? ??????, ???? ????? ????? ?????. [216] ???? ??? ?????, ??? ???? ??????? ??????? ?? ?????, ??? ??? ??? ?????. [210]

????? ???? 2023, ??????? Suha Atature ???? ?? ??????? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ??????? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????.[ [217]  ??' 40

??????? Keyu Jin ? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? , ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ????? ??????? ??? ??? ????. [33]  ??' 280 ? ?'?? ?????? ???? ???? ?? ?????? BRI ??? ??? ???????? ?????????? ?? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??? ????? ?????, ??? ????. [33]   ??' 280-281 ? ?'?? ????? ?? ?? ??? ???? ???? ?????????? ??? ????? ????? ????? ??????. [33]  ??' 281

????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

??? ?? ????? ???????, ???????? ??????, ??? ??? ????? ?????????? ???????, ????? ??? ????? ?? ??? ???? ?????? ???????? ?? BRI. [218] ?????? ??????? ?? BRI ???? ???? ????? ????????, ?????? ?????? ??????? ????????, ????? ??????? ??????, ????? ??? ????? ?????? ??????? ????? ???????. [219] [220] ??? ??, ?? ?'?????? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ????? ?-30000 ????? ?????? ?????? SCO ?-10000 ????? ????????? ??????? ????? ????. [221] ??? ??? ????????? ?? ????? ?????? ?? BRI ??? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ??????? ?????? ??????, ????? ????? ????? ??????? ????????. [222] ??? ????? ?-BRI, ??? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ??? ?????? ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ????? ?-BRI ??????? ??????? ????? ?????? ???????? ????. [222]

???? ????????????? ?? ??? ???? ( ??' ) ?????? ? ?????????? ???? ?'??????? ??? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ??????, ????? ???? ??????? ???????. [223] [224] ???? ?????? ??????, Fondation France Chine (??? ????-???), ?????? ????? ?? ???? ???? ??????, ???? ???? 2018. ??? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????. [225] [226]

?????? ??????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

??? ??????? ?? ?? ??????? ????? ?? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ????? ????? ??????? ????? ??????
   ??????? ?????? ?????
   ?????? ???? ???? ??????? ?????? ??????

????? ?????? ?????? ????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

  • ?????? ???????? ??????? ?? ?????, ????? ???? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ?????-?? ?? ????? ???-?? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ????? ????? ? ????? ?? ??? ????? ????????? ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????. ????, ??????? ??????? ????? ?? ????? ????? ??????? ??? ??? ???? ???????. [232] ????? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ??????, ????? ???????, ?????? ??????. ???? ????? ??????? ?? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ???????, ??? ????? ?????, ??????? ??????? ???? ???? ???? ???????. ????? ????? ????????? ?? ????????? ??? ????? ???????? ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ???????? ????? ??????, ???? ???? ????????? ?? ??? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ????????? ????. ?? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ???????? ?????? ??? ?????? ??????. [232]
  • ????? 2017, ????? ?????? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????'???, ????? ???? ??? ?? ?'??-???? ?? '?????? ????? ???????' ?? ????? (Chaziza, 2018a). ????? ?????? ??????? ????? ??????? ????? ??? ??????? ?????? ?? ??? ??????? (?????? ?????? ??????????, ?? ????????). ??? ????? ??? ????? ?? ?'??-???? ????? ???? ????? ?? ????? ???? ????? ??????? 2021, "??????? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ??? ??? ???????" (Xinhua, 2021).?????? ????? ?????? ??????? ????? ??????? ??????? ??, ???? ?????? ???????? ????? ??????? ????? (???? ?????, ????? ???????, ?????? ????). ?? ???? ????? ???? ??????? ?????-???, ???? ??????? ????-?????? (G2G) ????? ????? ?? ??? ??? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ??? ????? ??????, ??? ???? ??? ?? ??????. ?????? ?????? ???????? ???? ???? ???? 2014 ??? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ??????? ?? ??? ?????? ??????? ?????. ?????? ?? ????? ????? ????? ??????????, ?????? ???? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ?????, ???? ???? ???? ??? ?????, ????? ???????. ????? ??? ?? ??? ?-57 ?????? ???????? ?? ???? ??????? ??????? ???????, ????? ??? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????. [232] [233]
  • ????? ?????? ????? - ????? ?? ????? ?????? ?????, ????????? ?????? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????. ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ???????. ?????? ?????? ??????, ?????? ???????? ??? ???? ???? ?????. ????? ????? ????? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ?????, ?????? ?? ????????? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ???? ????? ????, ???? ??????? ???? '?????? ?????' ?? ????? ??? ??? ???? ?????? ? ?? ??????. ????? ?????? ??????? ???? ????? ????? ??, ??????? ????, ?????? ?????? ??????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???????, ?????? ??? ???? ???????.

?? ?????? ??? ????? ???????? ???? ?????? ???? ???????? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ?? ????? ????????, ??? ????? ???? ?????? ?????, ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ???????? ??????? ??? ? ???? ????? ??? ????? ?? ??. [234] ????? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ???????? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ?? ??????. ?????? ???? ????? 2014 ??? ?????? ????? ?? ????? '??? ?????' ??????, ?????? PMEC (Pan-Mediterranean Engineering), ???? ?? ?? ????? ?????? China Harbor Engineering Company (???? ?-2022). ???? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????????, ???? ????? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ?????. ???? ???, ???? PMEC ?? ???? ????? ????? ?? ??????? ??? ?????? ????? ????? ?? ??? ?????. ?????? ?????? ????? ???? ??? ????? ??? ???? Bayport Terminal Company, ???? ?? ?? SIPG (Shanghai International Port Group), ?????? ???? ??? ???? ???? (???? ?-2021), ?????? ??25 ????.

  • ???-?????? ??????? ????????? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ???? ????? ????? (Red-Med railway), ?????? ???????? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ???? ????? ????. ????'??? ?????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ??????? ???? (??? ?????? ???? ????? ??????? ???? ??????? ???? ????? ??? ??????), ?????? ?? ??? ?? ?????? ??? ???? ?????? ??????. ????? ????? ????? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ????, ????????? ?????? ????? ????? ??? ??????? ??? ??????? ????. ????? ????? ?? ??????? ???????? ?? ??? ????? ??????? ??? ???? ???. [235] ????? ??? ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ??? ???????, ?? ???? ??? ???? ????? ????? ?????, ???????? ??? ???? ????? ???? ??? ????? ????? ?????.
  • ????? ??????? ???????, ??????? ???????? ?????? ?? ??? ??????? ???????? ??????? ?? ??? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ??????? ?????????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????. ????? ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ???????? ????????? ???????? (?????, ????, ??"? ?????). ??? ?????? ???????? ?????? ???? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??????, ????? ????, ???? ?????, ?????? ???????. ??????? ??????? ???? ??????? ???? ?????? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ?? ????? ??? ????? ????????, ?? ?????? ??????? ????? ??? ?? ??????? ???????? ?????. ??? ???? ???????? ??????? ???? ???? ?? ?????????????, ????? ??????? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ?????????? ??????? ?????. [236]
  • ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ??????? ?-BRI - ?????? ????? ????. ??? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ??????, ????? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ????, ???? ?? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????????? ????? ????? ???????? ?? ????? ????? ???? ???. ??? ????? ??????? ????? ?????? ???? ??????? ?? ???? ?????????? (?????? ?? 15 ??????? ???), ???? ????? ?????? (????? ????? ????? ????? ???????? ???????). ?? ???, ???? ??????? ?? ??"? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? , ?? ??????? ?????? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ??? ?????. ????? ???? ?-CAF ??????? ??? ????? ??? ?????. ?????? ?? ?????? ??????? ( CRRC ?-CRCC) ????? ??? ??????? ????? ?? ????? ?????, ?????? ??????? ?? ????? ??? ????? ????? ????? ???????? ????? ????? ????? ????? ??????.
  • ?????? ???????? ??? ????????? ??? ??????? ????? ?? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??????-???????? ?? ???. ??????? ?????? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ??????, ???? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ???? 2. ???? ???????? ?????? ???? ??? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ?? ????? ????? ????? ???? ?? ???? ????? ?? ????? ?????????? ?? ???, ?????? ???? ?????? ????, ????? ?????????. ????? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ?? ????????? ??? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????, ????? ?????? ????? ??????? ??????????. ????? ??? ????? ????? ???? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ????? ? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????? ??????????? ???????? ?????? ????? ?????? ???????? ?????. ????? ???, ?????? ????? ???????? ???? ???? ??????? ????? ?????. ????? ????? ??? ?????? ????????? ???????? ??????? ?? ????? ????? (????? ????? ???? ???? ??????? ????? ???????? ?????? ??? ???), ???????? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ???????, ????????? ???????, ?????? ????? ???????, ????? ???????? ?????? ?????. ??? ????? ?????? ????????? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ???? ??????? ????? ???????? ?????? ?? ?????. [232] ????? ?? ????? ??? ?????? ??????, ????????? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ??? ??? ?????? ??????. ??? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ??? ??? ???? ?????? ??? ????????? ?? ????????? ?????'???, ????? ???? ????? ?? ??????. ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????? ????? ??????? ?????? (??????, ?????? ???? ??????? ?????????) ???? ???? ???? ?????? ??????? ?? ????????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ?????-??????? (???????? ??????? ???????????) ?? ???. ?? ???, ??? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ????????? ?????'???, ??? ????? ???????? ????????? ?? ????? ?????? ??????. ????? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ???????? ?? ??? ????? ????????, ?? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ????????? ???. ???? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ????? ???? ???? ?????, ???? ?????? ??????? ???? ???? ????? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ???? ??????? ???? ??????????. [232]

??? ?? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

??????? ???????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

ויקישיתוף ???? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ? ??????????

?????? ????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

  • Blanchard, Jean-Marc F. (2021). "Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) Blues: Powering BRI Research Back on Track to Avoid Choppy Seas". Journal of Chinese Political Science. 26: 235?255. doi:10.1007/s11366-020-09717-0. S2CID 230718702.
  • Cai, Peter. Understanding China's belt and road initiative (Lowy Institute 2017) online Archived 18 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine.
  • Calabrese, L. (2019): China and global development: what to read ahead of the Belt and Road Forum . London: Overseas Development Institute.

????? ?????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

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