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????? ????? ??? ????? ?? ??? ??????, ???? ?? ????? ?? ???? ( ??' ) ????? ???? ?-17
?????? ?????? ??????? ????? (??????) ?????? ???? ?-20 ? ??????? ?????? ( ??' ) ??? ???????

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???? ????? ??? ???? ?? ??? ??????? ? ????????? ??????? , ?????? (??????? ? ????????? ?????? ????? ????? ).

????? ?? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????? ????. ? ?????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ????? ???????? ???? ???? ?-19 , ?? ???? ?????? (??? ???? ???? ? ?'??? ????? ) ?? ???? ???? ??????????????? ??????.

?????? ?? ???????? ?????? ???? ???? [1] :

  • ???? ?????? ?? ??????????????? ?? ??? ?? ?????? ????? ???? ?? ????.
  • ????? ????? ???? ?? ??? ???????????????.

???? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ???????????????, ??? ??????? ????? ? ??? : ???? ???? , ????? ????? ? ????? ???? ??????, ????? ??? ???? ????. ??? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????? ????, ??????? ? ?????? ?? ???????? . ???? ????? ?????: ?????, ?? ?????? ????? ?????? ??????? ???????????????? ( ??????? ?????, ????), ??????? (??????? ????? ???????? ) ?? ?????? ?????? ?????? ? ??????? . ????, ?? ?????? ?????? ???????? ????? ??????? ??????. ?????? ???? ?????? ???????, ?? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ??????? ???????.

??? ?????? ???? ?????? ??????? ???? ?????? ???????????????, ??? ????? ? ????? .???? ?? ?????? ?????? ???? ????? ???????, ???? ????? ????? ?????? ??-??? ????? ???? . ?? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ?????????????? ????? ?????.

????? ??????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

??????? ?????? ????????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

????? ???? ?-19 ????? ???? ????? ????? ???? ? ??? ????? , ??????? ???? ??? ?-10% ??? ????? ????? ????????. ????? ??????? ????? ???????? ??? ????? ?? ??? ??????? ??????? ???? ?????? ????? ? ????? , ?????? ????? ??????? ?? ??? ???? ?-13% (??? ???? ???? - 18%), ????? 2% ???? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???? ??????. ??????? ??? ??????? ?????, ????? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ??. ?- 1847 ?? ???? ??? ???? ??????, ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ????? ?????. ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ????? ???????? ???? ??????? ????? ???? ????? ?????.

???????? ??? ?? ?? ??? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ????? ???????. ??? ??? ?????? ??? ?????? ???? ?????? ??????? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ??? ????? ???? ???? "???????" ????? ????????? ?? ????? - ?????? ?????? ??? ??????? ??? ?????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ?????. ??? ?? ???? ????? ? ??????? ?????? ?????, ????????? ??? ?? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ?????. ??? ????? ????? ????? ????? ???? ????? ???? ??-????? (???? ??? ???? ???????? ????? ? ???? ??-????? , ?????? ????? ? ????????? ) ??? ????? ????? ?????? ?????, ?????? ?????? ??? ?-2.38% - ???? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??????.

?????? ?? ???????? ?? ????? ????????, ??? ?? ????? ?? ??? ? ??????? ? ?????? ???, ????? ???? ??? ???? ????? ???? ?????, ????? ????? ? ??? ?? ????? ???? . ?????? ?? ?? ???? ??? "????? ????". ?- 1848 ????? ???????? ?? ??????? ???????? - ??? ??? ???? ?? ?? ???????? ???????? ??? ?????, ???? ????? ????? ?? ???? ????? ???????. ????? ?????? ??????? ???? ???????? ????? ?? ????? ???????, ???????? ??? ???? ???? ???? ??? ??????, ??? ??? ?????? ??? ????? ???????? ?? ??????? ??????? ??????. ????????, ???? ????? ????, ???? ?????? ?- 1849 ?????? ???????? ???????? ? ?????? 1848 . ?- 1851 ??? ? ??? ?? ??????? , ????? ???? ????? ???????. ??? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ???? ????? ???? ?-1851 ??? 1857 . ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ?-0.85%, ????? ???? ????? ?? ????? ??? ???? ???????. ?????? ????? ??? ?? ?????????-????? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ? ??? ??? ?????, ?????? ????? ??????? ?-35% ?- 1860 .

?- 1861 ???? ???????? ?? ?????? ????? "Die Atiologie, der Begriff und die Prophylaxis des Kindbettfiebers" ("???? ????? - ????????? , ??????? ?????? ????"), ???? ?????? ???? ??????? ? ?????? , ? ???? ?? ?????? . ???? ??????? ?????? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ????????, ??? ????? ?????????? ??????. ????????? ?? ???????? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ????.

?????? ???????? ??????? ?? ????? ? ????? ????? ?? ?? ????? ??? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ????? ????? ????. ??? ????? ?????? ?????, ???? ???? ????????? ?????? ???? ?????? ???????? ??????? ???????, ?????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ??? ????? ????? ?? ????? ?? ??????? ???????? ????? ?? ?????. ????? ?????? ???? ??? ?????? ???????? ???? ????? ???? ?-21 ??? ?????? ?? ??????? ??? ??????? ??????? ? ????? ???????? . ????? ???????? - ????? ????? ??? ????? ???? ?????, ???? ???? ??????? ??? ???.

??????? ????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

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??????? ????? ??? ??????? ????? ???? ??-??? ????? ??????? ???? ??????? ??????. ?????? ?? ??????? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ???????? ??????,????? ????? ?????, ????? ? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????. ??????? ????? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ???????? ?????, ?????? ??????? ?? ????. ??????, ???????? ??????? ???? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ??????? ?????. ?????? ??????? ???????? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ??? ???????, ???? ????? ????? ???? ??????? ???? ?????? ?????, ?????? ????? ???? ??????, ????? ????? ?????, ????? ?????? , ????? ????????? , ????. ???????? ??????? ????? ?????? ??????? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ????? ?? ??????? ?? ??? ???.

???? ?????? ????? ???? ???????? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ??????, ??? ????? ?? ??????? ????????? . ??????, ????? ? ?????????? ?? ???? , ????? , ?? ?????? ????.

??????? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ???????. ?? ?????? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ??? ????? ?? ??????? ?????? ???? ?? ?????? (???? ?? ?????). ?? ???? ????? ?? ??????? ? ??????? ?? ???? . ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ??? ???? ???? ??????? . ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ??????? ????? ??? ??? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????, ????? ?????? ?????. ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????, ??? ????? ????? ?? ????? ???? ????????. [2]

??????? ???? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

????? ????? ?? ???? ????
?????, ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????

????? ?? ??????? ???? ??? ????? ?? ????? ????? ??? ????????? [3] . ??????? ???? ????? ?????? ??????? ???? ??? ?????? ????- ???? ??????? ???? ????, ??????? ????? ????,????? ??????? ???? ????? ????? ????.

?????? ????? ?? ???? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

????? ??????? ????? ??????? ????? ????? ???? ?? ???? ???????. ?????? ?? ?? ?????? ?????? ? ???? ?, ????? ?????, ????? ?????? ?? ?????. ???? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ???? ???? ?? ????- ????????. ??????? ????? ???? ??????? ??? ?????? ????, ??????? ??????? ????, ??? ????? ????? ?? ??????.

?? ???? ????? ????? ??????? ??????. ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ???? ???? ?????. ?????? ???? ????? ???? ???? ???????? ????? ??. [4]

??????? ???? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

???? ???? ?????, ?? ????? 1956

??????? ???? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ?? ???? ???? ???? ????? ????? ????, ????? ????? ???? , ?????? ?? ????? ????? ??????? ?????, ??? ??? ?? ???? ????. ??????? ???? ????? ????? ????, ?????, ?????, ????? ?????? ?? ?????. ???? HACCP ????? ?????? ????? ??????? ??????? ????? ???? [5] . ?? ??? ??? ISO 22000 ????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???? [6] . ????? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ???? ??????? ?????? ?????? [7] .

???? ??????? ????? ?????? ??????? ???? ????? ?? ??????? ?? ?????. [8] ????? ?????? ?? ??????? ???? ??????:

  • ????? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ????? (?????? ????? ????? ????? ???????? ????? ????? ?? ????? ?????). ????? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????, ???? ???? ????????? , ????? , ??? ?????? ???? ????
  • ??????? ?????? ???? ????? ? ????? , ??????? , ???????? ????? ??? ????? ????? ?? ???
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  • ????? ???? ?? ???? ???? [9]
  • ???? ???? - ????? ????? ?????? ?? " ????? ????? ?????? ")
  • ????? ???? ?? ????? ???? ??????? ????

??????? ???? ???? [10] [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

??? ?????? ???, ??? ???????, ? ??????????? ??? ?????? ????? ?? ??????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ????? ??????? ????? ????.

?????? ???, ??? ?????? ???? ??????????? "??????? " ??????? ??? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ????, ?????? ?????? ????? ???? ??? ????? ?? ????? ?? ?? ??????? ??????? ?? ???????? ???? ???? ???? ???"? ???? ?????? ???. [10] ???? ???? ???? ????????? ???????, ?????? , ????? ????????? ??? ?????? ???????????? ??????, ??? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ???, [11] ?? ? ???? ???? ?????????? ???? ???????????? "??????" ??????? ??????? ????. [11]

????? ?? ???????????? ???? ????? ???? ??? ?????, ??? ?? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ?????. ??? ?????? ???? ?? ?????? ????, ???? ???? ???? ???? ?? ???. ??? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????, ???? ?????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ???????, ????????? ????? ??????, ???? ???? ????? ????, ??? ?????? ? ????????? . [12]

????? ?????????: ???? ????? ?? ?????????? ?????? ?? ????? ???????? ????? ??? ?? ??? ??????? ?? ???? ????. ?? ???, ???? ?????? ???????????? ?????? ????? ??????????? ?????? ?? ??? ??? ????????? ??????? ??? ??????? ????? ????? ???? ??????. ?? ??? ????? ???, ??????????? ???? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ??? ????? ??????. ????? ??, ?????????? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ??? ????? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ???? ? ?????? .

????? : ????? ?????? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ????. ??? ????????????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??? ?????, ???? ???? ?? ????? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ??????? ?????? ????? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ?????.

?????? : ???? ?? ???? ???????, ???? ?????? ????? ???? ?? ????? ????? ????? ??? ???? ?? ???? ????? ????? ??? ???? ???? ?????.

????? ??????: ?? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ??????? ?? ??? ???? ????. ?? ???, ??? ???????????? ?????? ?????? ? ???? ?????? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ????.

????? ????? ????: ???????? ????? ????, ? ??? ???? ?? ??? ????? ????? ????? ??? ?????? ???? ?? 93% ???? ?????, ?? ??? ?? ?? ????. ? ???? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ?????. ?? ????? ??????? ?? 10 ???? ????, ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ? ????????? , ????? ??????. [10]

??????? ??????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

?? ?? " ????? ???????? ", ??????? ? ????? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ???? ??????? ???????, ????? ????? ??????? ??????? ???? ??????? ???????? ?? ??????. ?????? ????? ????? ??????? ?????? ???? ??????? ????. [13]

????? "??????? ?????" [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

???????? ?????? (Orthopathy) ??? ????? ???? ?????? ? ??? ?-19 , ? ????? ????? . ?????? ?? ?????? ??? ?????? ?'????? ( ??' ) , ????, ???? ??? ???? ?????? ??? ( ??' ) . ???? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ???????? ???? ??????? ?????, ??? ???? ??????, ??????? ???????. ??? ?????? ???????? ???? ?????? ???????? ?? ????? ???? ?????, ???? ?????? ?? ???? ????, ?????? ?????? ?????? ??? , ????? ???? ????, ???? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? . ??? ??? ????? ????? ???? ?? ????, ????? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ??????. [14] ????? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ???????????? ?? ???? ?????? [15] . ?????? ??'????? ??? ????"? ??????? ???? ( ??' ) , ???? ?????????? ?????, ??? ??? ??? ?????? "????? ?????". ??? ????? ???? ????? ?????, ??? ???? ??? ??? ??????? ???? ???? ? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ?????? , ???????? ?????? ????????. ???? ????? ?? ?? ????? ? ??? ???? [16] , ????? ???? ??? ?? ?????. ???? ??? ??? ?????? ? ??????? ????"?. ?? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????????? ????????? ?????? ?? ???????? ?????? ??, ??????, ????? ????? ???????. ???? ?? ??????? ?? ????? ??????? ???? ??? ????. [17] ??? ??????? ???????? ?????? ????? ????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ?? ??????? ?????? ? ????? ????????????? - ??????? ???? ???, ????? ???? ????, ????? ????? ?????? ???????, ?????, ???? ????? ?? ???, ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ???????. [18]

??? ?? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

??????? ???????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

ויקישיתוף ???? ?????? ????? ??????? ? ??????????

??????? ???? , ???? ??????????? ???????? (???????)

????? ?????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

  1. ^ ????? ?? ???, ???? ?????? ???????: ??? ????? ?? ???????? , ???? nrg, ‏????? 2011
  2. ^ ?? ????? ?? ??????? ????? ????? ????? ???? ??????? , ???? ynet , 24 ???? 2020
  3. ^ ?????? ???????? ????? - ???? ?????? , ???? ???? ???????-????? ????? ?????
  4. ^ Sally F. Bloomfield et al., Hygiene procedures in the home and their effectiveness: a review of the scientific evidence base - IFH , International Scientific Forum on Home Hygiene, ‏2013
  5. ^ HACCP - Hazard Analysis critical control points , ???? ???? ???????
  6. ^ ?????? HACCP - ??? ?????? ?????? ???? ??????? ???? ??? ??? ISO 22000 , ???? ????? ??????? ???????
  7. ^ ??? ?????, ???? ??? ???? ????: ???? ???? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ??????? , ???? nrg ‏, 25 ???? 2011
  8. ^ ?????? ???????? ????? - ????? ????? , ???? ???? ???????- ????? ????? ?????
  9. ^ ???, ????? ????? , ???? ???? ???????- ???? ????? ?????
  10. ^ 1 2 3 Personal hygiene in space , ?????? ???? ??????
  11. ^ 1 2 Caleb Wong, How to Shower in Space , ??????? ????- National Air and Space Museum, ‏???? 2017
  12. ^ Space log: How do astronauts do laundry in space? , CGTN- ??? ????? ????, ‏???? 2021
  13. ^ סרטונים ??? ????? , ????? ????? ??????? ????? ??????? ?????? ????? ???? , ???? nana10 ‏, 25 ?????? 2014
  14. ^ Natural Hygiene Movement , National Health Association
  15. ^ Pioneers , National Health Association
  16. ^ ???? ????????', ???? ?? ?? ???? , ???? ?????? ???????, ‏?????? 2010
  17. ^ Stephen Barrett, A Critical Look at "Natural Hygiene" , Quackwatch, ‏????? 2007
  18. ^ ????? ????? ?????? , ???? ????? ?????? ????

?????: ????? ?????????? ???? ?????? ???? ? ???? ????? ????? ????? .

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