??????

Republic of Haiti

*Republique d'Haiti* ( French )
*Repiblik d Ayiti* ( ????? ??????? ) ^[?]
Haiti
Republic of Haiti ; Republique d'Haiti ( French ) ; Repiblik d Ayiti ( ????? ??????? ) ; Haiti
	???? ???? ???
	????: " ?????? ??????? ?????? " (???????) ; "Libete, Egalite, Fratenite" (????? ???????) ; "Liberty, Equality, Fraternity" Motto on traditional coat of arms: ; " L'union fait la force " (???????) ; "Inite se fos" (????? ???????) ; "Union makes strength"
	????: ???? ??? ?????? (???????) ; Desalinyen (????? ???????) ; "The Dessalines Song"
??????	????? ???? ; ??°??′ ????? ??°??′ ???? ? / ? ??????° ????? ??????° ????
???????? ???	Port-au-Prince
????(???) ????	??????? ; ?????? ??????? ;
???????? ????	95% Afro-Haitians ; 5% mixed and European Haitians
???(??)	????? ????? ; ????? ??????? ; ???? ??? ??????? ; 0.3% ???? ????? ;
???(???) ?????	Haitian
?????	????? ?????? ???? ??????????? ??????
? President	Jovenel Moise
? Prime Minister	Joseph Jouthe
??? ?????	Parliament
? ???? ????	Senate
? ???? ????	Chamber of Deputies
?????? ?????? from ?????? ??? ??????
? Declared	? ?????? ????
? Recognized	?? ????? ????
? First Empire	?? ??????? ????
? Southern Republic	? ???? ????
? Northern State	?? ????? ????
? Kingdom	?? ???? ????
? Unification of Hispaniola	? ????? ????
? Dissolution	?? ????? ????
? Second Empire	?? ??? ????
? Republic	?? ?????? ????
? Current constitution	?? ???? ????
? United States occupation	?? ????? ????
?????
? ??	?????? ??????? ???? (?????? ???? ????) ( 143rd )
? ???? (?)	???
?????
? ?????? ??? ????	11,439,646 ( 85th )
? ?????	??? ?? ??????? ???? (????? ?? ???? ????) ( 32nd )
????? ?????? ????? (GDP) ?????? ???? ???? (PPP)	?????? ????
? ??	$19.979 billion ( 144th )
? ?????	$1,819 ( 174th )
????? ?????? ????? (GPD) (????)	?????? ????
? ??	$7.897 billion ( 139th )
? ?????	$719 ( 172nd )
???? ???? (????)	???? ;
???? ????? ?????? (????)	????? ; 169th
???? ???	???? ?????? (G) ( HTG )
????? ?????	??????? ?? ( ????? ????? ???? )
? ??????? ( ???? ???????? )	??????? ?? ( ????? ????? ???? )
??? ???????	right
????????? ?????	+509
????? ????????	.ht

?????? (?? ??????? : Haiti ) (????? ??????: Ayiti) ?? ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ??? ?? ????? ?????????? ?? ????? ??????? . ?????? ?? ????? ???? ???. ????? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ? ???????? ???? ?? ??????? ? ????? ?????? ???. ???? ??? ?? ???? ???. ?????? ?? ??? ?? ?????? ???????? ?????? ???.

?? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ????????? ? ??? ???? ?????? (????? ???????? ? ????) ? ???????? ?????. ???? ?? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ??????? ? ???? ?? ???? ??? ???????? ?????. ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ????? ??????? ???? ????-???? ????? ?? ????? ?? ??? ?? ??????? ???????? ????? ???????. ^[??]

?????? ?????? ????? ??? ?? ??????? ????? ? ???? ??????? ?? ??????? ???? ? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ?? ?????? ?? ????????? ?????. ?????? ???? ???? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ?? ?????? ????? ?? ???????????? ?????. ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ? ????? ???? ???????? ???? ?????? ???? ???. ????????? ????? ??? ?? ??? ???? ????? ?? ???? ? ???? ???????? ????? ???????.

????? ????? ???? ??? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ????????? ?? ?????? ????? ?????? ???????. ??????? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ?? ??? ????? ??????? ???? ????? ?? ???????? ?????? ? ????? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ?????????? ????? ???????.

??????? ????? ?? ????? ??? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ?? ???? ??? ??? ?????? ???? ????????? ? ?? ???? ????????? ???? ??? ????? ????. ???? ??????? ??????? ???? ??????? ???? ???? ???????? ??? ???? ????? ?? ?? ?? ???? ??? ??? ??? ??????? ??????? ? ?????? ?????? ? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ???????????? ???????. ?? ?? ??? ??? ????????? ???? ???? ???????? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ? ???? ??? ?? ?? ?? ????? ????? ????. ????????? ?? ?? ???? ???? ?? ??? ????? ?? ??????? ?? ????? ??? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ? ??? ???? ????? ?? ????????? ?????? ????? ? ?????????? ?? ?? ????? ?? ????? ??? ??? ?? ????? ??? ??????. ??????? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ???? ?????? ? ?????? ?????? ???? ??????. ???? ??? ???? ?? ????? ??? ??? ?????? ? ???? ?????? ???? ?? ? ??????? ??? ???? ?? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ???? ??????? ????? ?? ??????? ????? ? ?? ?? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????. ?? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ??. ??? ???? ???? ?????? ? ????????? ????? ? ???????? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ? ?????? ?????? (???? ?? ????) ?? ?? ?? ????.

??? ??????? ?????? ???? ???????????? ?? ???? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ??? ??? ?? ???? ?? ???? ??? ???? ??? ???? ??? ?? ? ?? ??? ?? ??????? ? ?????? ??? ?? ?????? ????. ??? ????????? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ?? ?????? ??? ? ?????? ??? ?? ??? ???? ??? ?? ??????? ??????????? ???? ????? ???????. ????? ?????????? ?????? ?????? ??? ??? ? ?? ??????? ???? ???????? ????. ??????? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ??????? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ? ????? ?????????? ?????? ????????. ???? ??? ? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ????????? ? ???? ?????? ????????? ????????.

?????? ???? ???? ?????????????? ????? ?????? ??. ^[??] ?????? ??? ????? ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ??? ? ??? ???? ????? ?????????? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ??????????? ?? ?? ??? ???. ^[??] ??? ???? ????? ?? ??? ????? ???? ??? ? ?? ?? ?????? ?????? ? ??? (??????) ? ?????????? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ?? ?? ???? ??????? ??????????? ?????? (?????? ???? ????). ^[??]

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????????? [ ?????? ]

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??? ????????? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ?? ???? ??????? ? ??????????? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ???. ?? ??? ????????? ??????? ??? ??????????? ????? ? ??? ????? ???? ? ?????? ??????? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ??? ???? ??? ????????? ?????? ??????? ????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ??? ?? ? ?? ????? ??????????? ????? ???????? ? ????? ????? ? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ???. ?????? ????? ? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ??? ?? ???? ??? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???? ????? ????. ?????? ????? ????? ??????? ???? ? ?????? ????? ???????? ? ??????? ?? ??? ????????? ????? ????.

????? [ ?????? ]

?? ????? ????? ???? ????????? ?? ??? ????? ????? ????? ???? ???? ???? ?? ????? ???? ????????? ?? ???? ? ??????????? ???? ???? ??????? ???????? ???????? ???????. ?? ?????? ???? ?? ????? ????? ????? ??? ????? ???? ????? ??? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ??????? ?? ???? ?????? ?????.

??? ???? ??????? ?? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ??????????? ????? ????? ?? ?? ????? ??????? ??????? ?? ??? ???. ??????? ??????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ????? ????? ???.

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?? ????? ???? (????? ????) ??? ???? ? ????????? ??????? ?? ?? ???? ??? ?? ???? ????? ????.

?? ????? ???? ??????? ?? ???? ??? ???? ??????? ???????? ? ?????? ??? ???? ???????? ? ?????? ????? ???.

???? ?????????? ??? ???? ?? ??? ???? [ ?????? ]

?? ????? ?? ??? ???? ????? ?? ? ????? ???? ?????????? ??? ???? ????? ???? ???? ????? ???? ??????? ?? ???? ??? ???? ??. ????? ??? ???? ?? ???? ?? ???? ????? ?? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ?????????? ????? ????? ????????.

??????? [ ?????? ]

?????? ?? ??????? ??????? ????? ??? ?? ?? ???? ?? ??????? ???? ? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ???????? ? ?? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ???????? ????? ??????.

?????? ??? ???? ????? ?????????? ???. ????????????? ?? ??? ?? ??? ???? ?????? ???? ? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ? ???????? ??????? ???? ????. ???????? ??? ?????? ????????? ? ???????? ???? ???? ??? ?? ?? ?????? ???? ??? ???.

?? ? ???? ??????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ? ???? ????? ???.

?????? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ??????? ??????? ? ??? ?????? ?????. ??? ????? ?? ???? ? ??? ?????? ?? ??????? ??? ?????? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ??? ? ????? ?? ????????? ??? ?????.

????? ????????? ??? ??? ???? ???? ????? ???? (?? ???? ????)? ???? ??? ???? (?? ????) ? ?????? ????? (?? ??? ?? ?????? ????????) ?????.

??????? ????? [ ?????? ]

?????	??? ????? ?? ?????	??? ????? ?? ?????	???? ?? ?????	???? ?? ?????
?	?????????	Artibonite	?????	Gonaives
?	?????	Centre	?????	Hinche
?	????????	Grand'Anse	????	Jeremie
?	???	Nippes	????????	Miragoane
?	?????	Nord	???-???????	Cap-Haitien
?	???? ????	Nord-Est	????-??????	Fort-Liberte
?	???? ????	Nord-Ouest	????-??-??	Port-de-Paix
?	????	Ouest	?????????	Port-au-Prince
?	???? ????	Sud-Est	?????	Jacmel
??	?????	Sud	?? ???	Les Cayes

?????? [ ?????? ]

?? ??? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ??????? ?????? ?????? ? ?????????????? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ???? ??????. ???? ????? ???? ??? ??? ??? ???? ???. ?????? ?? ????? ????? ? ????? ???? ???????? ???? ?????? ???? ???.

?????? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ? ????? ????? ? ?????? ?? ??????? ????? ???? ???? ???????? ????? ????? ????? ????? ? ???? ???.

???????? ?????? [ ?????? ]

????? [ ?????? ]

???????????? ????: ?????? ?????? ? ??? ???????? ????????? ?? ??????? ????.

↑ Konstitisyon Repiblik d Ayiti
↑ "Article 4 of the Constitution" . Haiti-reference.com . Retrieved 24 July 2013 .
↑ "After The Group Of G8, Now Come G30 Headed By Louko Desir" . Haiti Observer . Retrieved 28 January 2018 .
↑ ???? ??????: ???? ??????:????? <ref>? ???????? ???? ???? ????????? ?? ??? CIA_20110303 ???? ???? ???. (????? ?????? ?? ?????? ????.).
↑ ≪Haiti≫ . ??????????? ?? ???? ?? ?? ??????? ???? . ?????????? ?? ?? ????? ???? . ????? ???? ??? ?? |???????= ?? ????? ???? ( ??? )
↑ "World Population Prospects: The 2017 Revision" . ESA.UN.org (custom data acquired via website). United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs , Population Division . Retrieved 10 September 2017 .
↑ ^??? ^??? ^??? ^??? "Haiti" . International Monetary Fund.
↑ "Gini Index" . The World Bank . Retrieved 21 November 2015 .
↑ "Human Development Report 2019" (?? ???????). ?????? ????? ??? ???? . 10 December 2019. Archived from the original (PDF) on 23 May 2020 . Retrieved 10 December 2019 .
↑ *McAlister, Elizabeth. 1998. " Madonna of 115th St. Revisited: Vodou and Haitian Catholicism in the Age of Transnationalism. ??????????? ?? ? ?? ???? ???? Wayback Machine " In S. Warner, ed. , Gatherings in Diaspora. Philadelphia: Temple Univ. Press.
↑ ≪LDCs at a Glance | Department of Economic and Social Affairs≫ . Economic Analysis & Policy Division | Dept of Economic & Social Affairs | United Nations (?? ???????). ????-??-?? . ?????????? ?? ????-??-?? .
↑ ≪Human Development Reports | United Nations Development Programme≫ . www.hdr.undp.org . ?????????? ?? ????-??-?? .
↑ ≪GDP per capita, PPP (current international $) | Data≫ . data.worldbank.org . ?????????? ?? ????-??-?? .
↑ ≪??? ?? ?????? ??? ?????? ??? ?? ????? ??????≫ . ????? ???? . ?????????? ?? ?? ?? ???? .
↑ ≪Rhum Barbancourt - Our story≫ . barbancourt.com . ?????????? ?? ????-??-?? .

[1] Konstitisyon Repiblik d Ayiti

[2] "Article 4 of the Constitution" . Haiti-reference.com . Retrieved 24 July 2013 .

[3] "After The Group Of G8, Now Come G30 Headed By Louko Desir" . Haiti Observer . Retrieved 28 January 2018 .

[CIA_20110303-4] ???? ??????: ???? ??????:????? <ref>? ???????? ???? ???? ????????? ?? ??? CIA_20110303 ???? ???? ???. (????? ?????? ?? ?????? ????.).

[5] ≪Haiti≫ . ??????????? ?? ???? ?? ?? ??????? ???? . ?????????? ?? ?? ????? ???? . ????? ???? ??? ?? |???????= ?? ????? ???? ( ??? )

[UN_WPP-6] "World Population Prospects: The 2017 Revision" . ESA.UN.org (custom data acquired via website). United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs , Population Division . Retrieved 10 September 2017 .

[imf2-7] ??? ^??? ^??? ^??? "Haiti" . International Monetary Fund.

[wb-gini-8] "Gini Index" . The World Bank . Retrieved 21 November 2015 .

[UNHDR-9] "Human Development Report 2019" (?? ???????). ?????? ????? ??? ???? . 10 December 2019. Archived from the original (PDF) on 23 May 2020 . Retrieved 10 December 2019 .

[10] *McAlister, Elizabeth. 1998. " Madonna of 115th St. Revisited: Vodou and Haitian Catholicism in the Age of Transnationalism. ??????????? ?? ? ?? ???? ???? Wayback Machine " In S. Warner, ed. , Gatherings in Diaspora. Philadelphia: Temple Univ. Press.

[11] ≪LDCs at a Glance | Department of Economic and Social Affairs≫ . Economic Analysis & Policy Division | Dept of Economic & Social Affairs | United Nations (?? ???????). ????-??-?? . ?????????? ?? ????-??-?? .

[12] ≪Human Development Reports | United Nations Development Programme≫ . www.hdr.undp.org . ?????????? ?? ????-??-?? .

[13] ≪GDP per capita, PPP (current international $) | Data≫ . data.worldbank.org . ?????????? ?? ????-??-?? .

[radfar-14] ≪??? ?? ?????? ??? ?????? ??? ?? ????? ??????≫ . ????? ???? . ?????????? ?? ?? ?? ???? .

[15] ≪Rhum Barbancourt - Our story≫ . barbancourt.com . ?????????? ?? ????-??-?? .

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