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↑ TURKO-SOGDIAN COINAGE , Larissa Baratova, "Encyclopedia Iranica", (July 20, 2005).
↑ Rezakhani 2017 , p. 181.
↑ Peter Roudik, (2007), The History of the Central Asian Republics , p. 24
↑ Peter B. Golden, (2011), Central Asia in World History , p 37
↑ The Cambridge History of Iran , Vol. 3, part 1, ed. William Bayne Fisher and E. Yarshater, (Cambridge University Press, 2003), 621.
↑ Taagepera, Rein (1979). "Size and Duration of Empires: Growth-Decline Curves, 600 B.C. to 600 A.D.". Social Science History . 3 (3/4): 129. doi : 10.2307/1170959 . JSTOR 1170959 .
↑ Peter B. Golden, An Introduction to the History of the Turkic Peoples , O. Harrassowitz, 1992, p. 121-122
↑ ???? ????? ????. ????? ? ????? ?? ?????? ????????. ? ?????
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[1] TURKO-SOGDIAN COINAGE , Larissa Baratova, "Encyclopedia Iranica", (July 20, 2005).

[FOOTNOTERezakhani2017181-2] Rezakhani 2017 , p. 181.

[3] Peter Roudik, (2007), The History of the Central Asian Republics , p. 24

[4] Peter B. Golden, (2011), Central Asia in World History , p 37

[5] The Cambridge History of Iran , Vol. 3, part 1, ed. William Bayne Fisher and E. Yarshater, (Cambridge University Press, 2003), 621.

[Taagepera129-6] Taagepera, Rein (1979). "Size and Duration of Empires: Growth-Decline Curves, 600 B.C. to 600 A.D.". Social Science History . 3 (3/4): 129. doi : 10.2307/1170959 . JSTOR 1170959 .

[7] Peter B. Golden, An Introduction to the History of the Turkic Peoples , O. Harrassowitz, 1992, p. 121-122

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