1244

1244 in various calendars
Gregorian calendar	1244 ; MCCXLIV
Ab urbe condita	1997
Armenian calendar	693 ; ?? ???
Assyrian calendar	5994
Balinese saka calendar	1165?1166
Bengali calendar	651
Berber calendar	2194
English Regnal year	28 Hen. 3 ? 29 Hen. 3
Buddhist calendar	1788
Burmese calendar	606
Byzantine calendar	6752?6753
Chinese calendar	癸卯年 (Water Rabbit ) ; 3941 or 3734 ; ? to ? ; 甲辰年 (Wood Dragon ) ; 3942 or 3735
Coptic calendar	960?961
Discordian calendar	2410
Ethiopian calendar	1236?1237
Hebrew calendar	5004?5005
Hindu calendars
- Vikram Samvat	1300?1301
- Shaka Samvat	1165?1166
- Kali Yuga	4344?4345
Holocene calendar	11244
Igbo calendar	244?245
Iranian calendar	622?623
Islamic calendar	641?642
Japanese calendar	Kangen 2 ; (?元２年)
Javanese calendar	1153?1154
Julian calendar	1244 ; MCCXLIV
Korean calendar	3577
Minguo calendar	668 before ROC ; 民前668年
Nanakshahi calendar	?224
Thai solar calendar	1786?1787
Tibetan calendar	?水?年 ; (female Water- Rabbit ) ; 1370 or 989 or 217 ; ? to ? ; ?木?年 ; (male Wood- Dragon ) ; 1371 or 990 or 218

Millennium :	2nd millennium
Centuries :	12th century ; 13th century ; 14th century ;
Decades :	1220s ; 1230s ; 1240s ; 1250s ; 1260s ;
Years :	1241 ; 1242 ; 1243 ; 1244 ; 1245 ; 1246 ; 1247 ;

Year 1244 ( MCCXLIV ) was a leap year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar .

Events [ edit ]

By place [ edit ]

Europe [ edit ]

March 16 – Siege of Montsegur : French forces capture and destroy Chateau de Montsegur in Languedoc , after a 9-month siege. Some 200 'heretics' ( perfecti and credentes ) are burnt in a bonfire , near the foot of the castle. This marks the final defeat of the Cathars (or Albigensians); the followers become scattered fugitives, meeting in forests and mountain wilds. ^[1]
March 26 – Treaty of Almizra : King James I ( the Conqueror ) and King Ferdinand III ( the Saint ) agree on the distribution of Muslim lands yet to be conquered . All lands south of a line, from the cities of Biar to Villajoyosa through Busot , are reserved for the Crown of Castile . This ends further Aragonese expansion on the Iberian Peninsula . ^[2]
December – King Louis IX ( the Saint ) falls desperately ill of a severe malarian infection. Near-death, he vows that if he recovers he will set out for a crusade. Louis' life is spared and as soon as his health permits him, he takes the cross and immediately begins preparations for the Seventh Crusade . ^[3]

Levant [ edit ]

June – Khwarazmian forces (some 10,000 men) invade Syrian territory, ravaging the land and burning the villages. As Damascus is too strong for a siege, they attack Galilee , past the town of Tiberias ? which they capture. The Khwarazmians attack further southward through Nablus towards Jerusalem . ^[4]
July 15 – Siege of Jerusalem : Khwarazmian horsemen attack and sack the 'holy city' of Jerusalem. There is bloody fighting in the streets, the Khwarazmian force their way into the Armenian Quarter , where they decimate the Christian population, and drive out the Jews. The city is left in a state of ruin. ^[5]
August 23 – The Tower of David surrenders to the Khwarazmian forces, some 6,000 Christian men, women and children march out of Jerusalem. As they move along the road toward Jaffa , they see crusader flags waving on the Walls of Jerusalem . Returning back, some 2,000 of them are massacred. ^[6]
October 4 – The Crusaders assemble a force of some 1,000 cavalry and 6,000 men outside Acre , after hearing that Jerusalem is sacked by the Khwarazmians. They are joined by the Ayyubid forces (some 4,000 men) of Damascus and Homs ? while Emir An-Nasir Dawud brings his army from Kerak . ^[7]
October 17 – Battle of La Forbie : A Crusader army (some 10,000 men) under Walter IV of Brienne and Ayyubid allies are defeated near Hiribya (or La Forbie ) by Egyptian and Khwarazmian forces. The army is destroyed, with about 7,500 men killed. Walter and William of Chastelneuf are captured. ^[8]

By topic [ edit ]

Religion [ edit ]

June 7 – Pope Innocent IV is driven from Rome by imperial forces of Emperor Frederick II , and travels secretly in disguise to Sutri . Genoese galleys prepared by his relatives are waiting for him at the port of Civitavecchia to take him to Genoa .
October 5 – Innocent IV flees to France and travels to Lyon , where he arrives on November 29 . Although the city is nominally subject to the Holy Roman Empire , Innocent falls under the protection of Louis IX.
December 27 – Innocent IV summons a general council to meet in Lyon (some 140 bishops eventually come) to attend what becomes later the First Council of Lyon .

Births [ edit ]

June 24 – Henry I of Hesse , German nobleman (d. 1308 )
June 25 – Ibn al-Fuwati , Arab historian and writer (d. 1323 )
Agnes Blannbekin , Austrian Beguine and mystic (d. 1315 )
Dai Biaoyuan , Chinese litterateur , poet and writer (d. 1310 )
Elizabeth the Cuman , queen consort of Hungary (d. 1290 )
Folquet de Lunel , French troubadour and writer (d. 1300 )
Guy de Montfort , English nobleman and knight (d. 1291 )
Heinrich II of Virneburg , archbishop of Cologne (d. 1332 )
Henry I ( the Fat ), king of Navarre ( House of Blois ) (d. 1274 )
Hong Dagu (or Charghu ), Korean military leader (d. 1291)
Ingeborg Eriksdotter , queen consort of Norway (d. 1287 )
John III of Prague , margrave of Brandenburg (d. 1268 )
Louis of France , French nobleman and regent (d. 1260 )
Margaret of Antioch , Outremer noblewoman (d. 1308)
Otto III (or IV ), German nobleman and knight (d. 1285 )

Deaths [ edit ]

March 1 – Gruffud ap Llywelyn , Welsh nobleman (b. 1196 )
March 19 – Isnardo da Chiampo , Italian preacher and priest
April 2 – Henrik Harpestræng , Danish physician and writer
September 3 – Guala de Roniis , bishop of Brescia (b. 1180 )
October 24 – William Briwere , English bishop and diplomat
November 18 – Ibn Abi'l-Dam , Syrian historian (b. 1187 )
December 5 – Joan , countess of Flanders and Hainaut
Alexander de Stirling , Scottish nobleman and knight
Baldwin III , Flemish nobleman and knight (b. 1198 )
Bouchard IV of Avesnes , French nobleman and knight
Eleanor of Castile , queen consort of Aragon (b. 1200 )
James of Pecorara , Italian monk, cardinal and diplomat
John Komnenos ( Doukas ), emperor of Thessalonica
Manfred III of Saluzzo , Italian nobleman and knight
Meir Abulafia (or Ramah ), Castilian rabbi and writer
Minamoto no Mitsuyuki , Japanese politician (b. 1163 )
Ralph de Neville , English archbishop and politician
Robert of Strathearn , Scottish nobleman and knight
Saionji Kintsune , Japanese poet and writer (b. 1171 )
Sophia of Saxony , German noblewoman and abbess
Yelu Chucai , Chinese advisor and statesman (b. 1190 )

References [ edit ]

^ Hywel Williams (2005). Cassell's Chronology of World History , p. 140. ISBN 0-304-35730-8 .
^ de Epalza, Miguel (1999). Negotiating cultures: bilingual surrender treaties in Muslim-Crusader Spain under James the Conqueror . Brill. p. 96. ISBN 90-04-11244-8 .
^ Steven Runciman (1952). A History of The Crusades. Vol III: The Kingdom of Acre , p. 214. ISBN 978-0-241-29877-0 .
^ Steven Runciman (1952). A History of The Crusades. Vol III: The Kingdom of Acre , p. 187. ISBN 978-0-241-29877-0 .
^ Gilbert, Martin (1978). Jerusalem: Illustrated History Atlas , p. 25. New York: Macmillan Publishing.
^ Steven Runciman (1952). A History of The Crusades. Vol III: The Kingdom of Acre , p. 188. ISBN 978-0-241-29877-0 .
^ Dougherty, Martin J. (2007). Battles of the Crusades , pp. 176?77. ISBN 978-1-905704-58-3 .
^ Steven Runciman (1952). A History of The Crusades. Vol III: The Kingdom of Acre , p. 189. ISBN 978-0-241-29877-0 .

[1] Hywel Williams (2005). Cassell's Chronology of World History , p. 140. ISBN 0-304-35730-8 .

[negotiating96-2] Epalza, Miguel (1999). Negotiating cultures: bilingual surrender treaties in Muslim-Crusader Spain under James the Conqueror . Brill. p. 96. ISBN 90-04-11244-8 .

[3] Steven Runciman (1952). A History of The Crusades. Vol III: The Kingdom of Acre , p. 214. ISBN 978-0-241-29877-0 .

[4] Steven Runciman (1952). A History of The Crusades. Vol III: The Kingdom of Acre , p. 187. ISBN 978-0-241-29877-0 .

[5] Gilbert, Martin (1978). Jerusalem: Illustrated History Atlas , p. 25. New York: Macmillan Publishing.

[6] Steven Runciman (1952). A History of The Crusades. Vol III: The Kingdom of Acre , p. 188. ISBN 978-0-241-29877-0 .

[7] Dougherty, Martin J. (2007). Battles of the Crusades , pp. 176?77. ISBN 978-1-905704-58-3 .

[8] Steven Runciman (1952). A History of The Crusades. Vol III: The Kingdom of Acre , p. 189. ISBN 978-0-241-29877-0 .

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