From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Calendar year
Year
1315
(
MCCCXV
) was a
common year starting on Wednesday
(link will display the full calendar) of the
Julian calendar
.
Events
[
edit
]
January – March
[
edit
]
- January 2
– King
Edward II of England
buries his friend, the late
Piers Gaveston
, having secured a papal absolution in one of the last acts of
Pope Clement V
. The burial takes place somewhere near the
King's Langley Priory
in
Hertfordshire
, but the location of the tomb is subsequently forgotten. Gaveston had been excommunicated before he had been executed.
- January 20
– The English Parliament is convened at Lincoln to hear the reading of the
Articuli Cleri
, the list of grievances against the church in England. The parliament ends on March 9.
- February 12
– Italian sculptor
Tino di Camaino
is commissioned by the
Republic of Pisa
to create the statue of the late
Enrico VII di Lussemburgo
(Henry VII, Holy Roman Emperor and King of Italy), to be finished in less than six months for the August 24 dedication of Henry's tomb. Camaino delivers the work by July 26.
[1]
- February 15
–
John of Argyll
reports to King Edward II of England that he and his army have recovered the
Isle of Man
and expelled the Scottish occupiers. Archibald A. M. Duncan, ed.,
Acts of Robert I (1306-1329)
(Edinburgh University Press, 1988) p.378
- March 4
– (4 Dhu al-Hijjah 714 AH) The
Emir of Mecca
,
Abu al-Ghayth
, is defeated in a battle near Mecca by his brother
Humaydah ibn Abi Numayy
.
[2]
Wounded in battle, then captured by the enemy, Abu al-Ghayth is executed by order of his brother at Khayf Bani Shadid.
- March 8
– The
Al-Shamah Mosque
, in what is now
Gaza City
in
Israel
, is completed after being commissioned by the Mamluk Sultanate Governor of Gaza,
Sanjar al-Jawli
.
[3]
- March 27
– In China,
Kunga Lotro Gyaltsen
is installed as the
Imperial Preceptor
of Tibetan Buddhists, by order of the Mongol Emperor
Ayurbarwada Buyantu Khan
April – June
[
edit
]
- April 26
– The
Scottish parliament
is convened at
Ayr
, and proclaims
Edward Bruce
as the legal heir to the throne to succeed if Edward's brother, King
Robert the Bruce
dies.
[4]
- April 28
– The Mamluk Sultanate army invades the Christian outpost of
Malatya
in
Byzantium
, then loots the city.
[5]
- April 30
- Margaret of Burgundy
, technically the
Queen consort of France
as the wife of
King Louis X
, dies in the
Chateau Gaillard
prison after a year of incarceration, due to her 1314 conviction for adultery. Unable to have the marriage nullified because a new Pope had not been installed, King Louis left Margaret imprisoned.
[6]
- Enguerrand de Marigny
, who had been the
Chief Minister of France
during the reign of
King Philip IV of France
, is hanged at the
Gibbet of Montfaucon
in
Paris
, on orders of Philip's successor, King Louis X. "Marigny, Enguerrand de", in
Encyclopædia Britannica
, Volume 17 (Cambridge University Press, 1911) p.718.
- May 9
– In France,
Odo IV
becomes the new
Duke of Burgundy
upon the death of his older brother,
Hugh V
.
- May 26
– King Edward II of England and ships with more than 6,000 troops land on the coast of Ireland at
Larne
to counter the
Scottish invasion of Ireland led by Edward Bruce
.
- June 15
– King
James II of Aragon
is married by proxy to
Marie of Lusignan
, daughter of King
Hugh III of Cyprus
at a ceremony attended by King James's representative at
Nicosia
.
July – September
[
edit
]
- July 3
– King Louis X abolishes
serfdom
in the Kingdom of France.
[7]
- July 6
– In Germany,
Henry II, Lord of Mecklenburg
is married to Anna of Saxe-Wittenberg , daughter of
Albert II, Duke of Saxony
. The marriage produces an heir,
Albert II
, who will become
Duke of Mecklenburg
in 1348.
- July 22
–
Siege of Carlisle
: Scottish forces led by King
Robert the Bruce
besiege
Carlisle Castle
, but the stronghold holds out, due to a well-conducted defense organized by
Andrew Harclay
and the siege is abandoned by August 1.
[8]
[9]
- July 24
–
Otto II, Prince of Anhalt-Aschersleben
, dies without leaving any heirs, bringing an end to the Principality. His assets are seized by his cousin and creditor, Bishop Albert of Halberstadt.
[10]
- July 28
– King Louis X of France issues a charter in allowing expelled Jews to come back to France, but under strict conditions. The French Jews will be allowed to stay in the country for 12 years, after which their right to remain will be reviewed. For identification, Jewish people are required to wear armbands in public, can only live in designated communities and are forbidden from
usury
. Through this, the Jewish community will depend upon the king for their right to protection.
[11]
In December, Sultan
Ismail I of Granada
implements similar rules for the Jews in the Spanish kingdom, directing Jews to wear a
yellow badge
in public.
[12]
- July 31
– King Louis X mobilizes an army along the Flemish border. He prohibits the export of grain and other goods to
Flanders
? which proves challenging to enforce.
[13]
Louis pressures officers of the Church at the borderlands, as well as King
Edward II
, to support his effort to prevent Spanish merchant vessels from trading with the embargoed Flemish cities.
[14]
- August 1
– After a 10-day siege of the Irish stronghold at Carlisle, King Robert of Scotland withdraws on
August 1
. During the Scots' presence in Cumbria, Scottish forces under
James the Black
raid
Copeland
and plunder
St. Bees Priory
.
[9]
[15]
- August 10
– As the
Great Famine of 1315?1317
spreads through England and much of western Europe, King Edward II witnesses the full extent when he and his entourage stop at
St Albans
and find bread and other food unavailable. A combination of heavy rains and unseasonably cold weather had led to crop failure when grain could not ripen for harvest, followed by the death of livestock from starvation, and the sharp increase of food prices.
[16]
- August 11
– (12th day of 7th month of 4
Sh?wa
)
H?j? Mototoki
becomes ruler (
shogun
) and
regent
(
shikken
) of the
Kamakura shogunate
in
Japan
upon the death of
H?j? Hirotoki
.
- August 17
–
Ferdinand of Majorca
completes the conquest of the
Principality of Achaea
, one of the crusader states that had been founded in Greece during the Fourth Crusade, by capturing the capital,
Andravida
.
- August 19
– King
Louis X of France
, nicknamed "Louis the Quarrelsome", marries the 22-year-old
Clementia of Hungary
,daughter of
Charles Martel of Anjou
(titular king of
Hungary
). He and his second wife are five days later crowned at
Reims
. Louis becomes the 12th Capetian ruler of France. After his coronation, he passes the throne of the
Kingdom of Navarre
to his younger brother, who becomes
Philip II of Navarre
, nicknamed "Philip the Tall".
[17]
- August 24
– The coronation of Louis the Quarrelsome as
King Louis X of France
takes place at
Reims
, nine months after Louis ascended the throne upon the death of his father, Philip IV.
- August 29
–
Battle of Montecatini
: The Pisan army (some 20,000 men) led by
Uguccione della Faggiuola
defeats the allied forces of
Florence
and
Naples
. During the battle,
Philip I
manages to escape, but his son
Charles of Taranto
(titled the
Latin Emperor of Constantinople
and his brother
Peter Tempesta
are killed.
[18]
- September 3
– (3 Jumada II 715 AH)
Rumaythah ibn Abi Numayy
, the former emir of Mecca, arrives at the court of the Mamluk Sultan of Egypt,
al-Nasir Muhammad
in
Cairo
. He receives pardon from the Sultan and seeks support against the new Emir,
Humaydah ibn Abi Numayy
, who had killed his brother and predecessor,
Abu al-Ghayth
. Al-Nasir sends Rumaythah back to
Mecca
with an Egyptian army. However, six days before the relief army's arrival, Humaydah pillages and burns the castle at Wadi Marr, and destroys 2,000 date palm trees.
- September 10
– The
Battle of Connor
is fought in
County Antrim
in Ireland (now part of
Northern Ireland
) as part of the
Bruce campaign in Ireland
. Scottish-Irish forces commanded by
Edward Bruce
, brother of Scotland's King Robert the Bruce, routs the army commanded by "The Red Earl",
Richard Og de Burgh, 2nd Earl of Ulster
.
[19]
Those earls not captured by the Scottish Army flee to
Carrickfergus Castle
October – December
[
edit
]
- October 9
–
Banastre Rebellion
: A group of English knights start an uprising in
Lancashire
and revenge themselves on
Thomas of Lancaster
. After the rebellion,
Liverpool Castle
is granted to
Robert de Holland
.
- November 15
–
Battle of Morgarten
: The Swiss defeat
Leopold of Austria
on the shore of the
Agerisee
, ensuring independence for the
Swiss Confederation
.
[20]
- November 17
– The marriage of King
James II of Aragon
to Marie of Lusignan is performed in person after Marie has traveled to Spain, with the ceremony taking place at
Girona
.
- December 9
– In Switzerland, the
Pact of Brunnen
is signed between leaders of the
cantons
of
Uri
,
Schwyz
and
Unterwalden
at the city of
Brunnen
in Schwyz as a mutual defense pact against an invasion by Austria.
- December 13
- Gaston II of Foix-Bearn
becomes the new French representative to rule the
Co-principality of Andorra
after the death of his father,
Gaston I
.
- (3 Jumada II 715 AH)
Rumaythah ibn Abi Numayy
arrives at Mecca with an Egyptian Army, led by the emirs Najm al-Din Damurkhan ibn Qaraman and Sayf al-Din Taydamur al-Jamadar, then spends two weeks in making plans to drive out the Emir
Humaydah ibn Abi Numayy
. They loot Humaydah's castle at al-Khalf wal-Khulayf, plunder the wealth inside and capture his 12-year-old son, but Humaydah himself escapes to Iraq.
By place
[
edit
]
Europe
[
edit
]
- Spring –
Great Famine of 1315?1317
: A
famine
and pestilence sweeps over
Europe
, and exacts so frightful a toll of human life that the phenomenon is to be regarded as one of the most impressive features of the period. It covers almost the whole of
Northern Europe
; the current territory of
Ireland
,
England
,
France
,
Netherlands
,
Germany
and
Poland
. The adverse weather conditions, the ensuing crop failures, and the sharp rise in food prices cause an acute shortage of food that will last for two years. The famine causes millions of deaths (according to estimates, around 10 to 25% of the urban population dies).
[21]
By topic
[
edit
]
Cities and Towns
[
edit
]
Births
[
edit
]
- January 20
–
Yi Ja-chun
, Korean
nobleman
and general (d.
1361
)
- February 22
–
Chunghye
, Korean crown prince and king (d.
1344
)
- April 5
–
King James III
of
Majorca
, who will be nicknamed "James the Unfortunate".(d.
1349
)
- April 14
– Emir
Muhammad IV of Granada
, Nasrid ruler (
sultan
) of the
Emirate of Granada
, now part of Spain. (d.
1333
)
- May 4
–
John Segrave
, English nobleman and landowner (d.
1353
)
- May 20
–
Bonne of Luxembourg
, queen consort of
France
(d. 1349)
- date unknown
- Albert IV
, German nobleman (
House of Ascania
) (d.
1343
)
- Federico di Pagana
, Genoese nobleman and
doge
(d.
1406
)
- The
Empress Gi
, Chinese concubine and empress consort as wife of
Emperor Huizong
of the Yuan dynasty (d.
1369
)
- James of Piedmont
, Italian nobleman (
House of Savoy
) (d.
1367
)
- Joanna of Hainault
, French noblewoman and
regent
(d.
1374
)
- Johann Hiltalinger
, Swiss bishop, theologian and writer (d.
1392
)
- John FitzWalter
, English nobleman, knight and landowner (d. 1361)
- Kuj? Michinori
, Japanese nobleman (
kugy?
) and regent (d. 1349)
- Louis V
, German nobleman, knight, prince and co-ruler (d. 1361)
- Marie de Bourbon
, Latin princess (
House of Bourbon
) (d.
1387
)
- Pierre d'Orgemont
, French politician and chancellor (d.
1389
)
- Raoul II of Brienne
, French nobleman and constable (d.
1350
)
[22]
- Roger Beauchamp
, English nobleman and chamberlain (d.
1380
)
[23]
Deaths
[
edit
]
- January 15
–
Gyeguk
, Korean queen consort of
Goryeo
(b.
1285
)
- March 10
–
Agnes Blannbekin
, Austrian mystic and writer (b.
1244
)
[24]
- April 30
- May 1
–
Margaret of Brandenburg
, German noblewoman (b.
1270
)
- May 9
–
Hugh V
, French nobleman (
House of Burgundy
) (b.
1294
)
- June 27
–
Mieszko I
, Polish nobleman and knight (
House of Piast
)
- July 24
–
Otto II
, German nobleman and prince (House of Ascania)
- August 12
–
Guy de Beauchamp
, English nobleman and
magnate
- August 18
–
H?j? Hirotoki
, Japanese nobleman and regent (b.
1279
)
- August 29
– (Killed in the
Battle of Montecatini
)
- August 31
–
Andrea Dotti
, Italian nobleman and preacher (b.
1256
)
- November 24
–
Fulk FitzWarin
, English nobleman and landowner
- December 6
–
William Greenfield
, English
rector
and archbishop
- December 13
–
Gaston I
, Occitan nobleman and knight (b.
1287
)
- date unknown
- Abu al-Ghayth ibn Abi Numayy
, Hasanid ruler of
Mecca
- Adolph VI
, German nobleman, knight and ruler (b. 1256)
- Esclaramunda of Foix
, queen consort of
Majorca
(b.
1250
)
- Henry of Treviso
, German
hermit
, pilgrim and saint (b. 1250)
- Ibn al-Raqqam
, Andalusian astronomer and jurist (b. 1250)
- Jean Pitard
, French physician,
surgeon
and writer (b.
1228
)
- John I of Chalon-Arlay
, French nobleman (
House of Chalon-Arlay
) (b.
1258
)
- Juan Nunez II de Lara
, Spanish nobleman (
House of Lara
) (b.
1276
)
- Lanfranc of Milan
, Italian cleric, surgeon and writer (b. 1250)
- Lu Zhi
, Chinese official, politician, poet and writer (b.
1243
)
- Margaret of Villehardouin
, Latin noblewoman and princess
- Nichigen
, Japanese
Buddhist
monk and disciple (b.
1262
)
- Robert FitzPayne
, English nobleman, knight and governor
- Stephen Akos
, Hungarian nobleman and
oligarch
(b. 1260)
References
[
edit
]
- ^
"Sienese and Pisan Trecento Sculpture", by W. R. Valentiner, in
The Art Bulletin
(March 1927) p.192
- ^
al-Najm Ibn Fahd,
It??f al-wara bi-akhb?r Umm al-Qura
, p. 152?153
- ^
Martin Abraham Meyer,
History of the City of Gaza: from the earliest times to the present day
(Columbia University Press, 1907) p.150
- ^
Sarah Crome,
Scotland's First War of Independence
(Auch Books, 1999) p.127
- ^
"Malatya", in
?slam Ansiklopedisi
, Volume 27 (Turk Diyanet Vakfı', 2003) pp. 468?473
- ^
Jim Bradbury,
The Capetians: Kings of France, 987-1328
(Continuum Books, 2007)
- ^
"Lettres portant que les serfs du Domaine du Roy seront affranchis, moyennant finance, Imprimerie nationale, 3 juillet 1315", in
Recueil general des anciennes lois francaises
, vol. 3, p. 583
- ^
Armstrong, Pete (2002). Osprey:
Bannockburn 1314 ? Robert Bruce's Great Victory
, p. 86.
ISBN
1-85532-609-4
.
- ^
a
b
McNamee, Colin (2010). Rogers, Clifford J. (ed.).
The Oxford Encyclopedia of Medieval Warfare and Military Ttechnology
, Volume 1, pp. 127?128. Oxford University Press.
ISBN
9780195334036
.
- ^
Jan Gyllenbok,
Encyclopaedia of Historical Metrology, Weights, and Measures
Volume 2 (Springer, 2018) p.1146
- ^
Robert Chazan,
Church, State, and Jews in the Middle Ages
(Behrman House, 1979) pp.79?80
- ^
Ulysse R. (1891).
Les Signes d'Infamie
. Translated by Adler C. and Jacobs J. in the Jewish Encyclopedia: The unedited full-text of the 1906 Jewish Encyclopedia.
- ^
Carl Jacob Kulsrud,
Maritime Neutrality to 1780: A History of the Main Principles Governing Neutrality and Belligerency to 1780
(Little, Brown and Company, 1936) p.213
- ^
Jordan, William Chester (2005).
Unceasing Strife, Unending Fear: Jacques de Therines and the Freedom of the Church in the Age of the Last Capetians
, pp. 151?152. Princeton University Press.
- ^
Armstrong, Pete (2002). Osprey:
Bannockburn 1314 ? Robert Bruce's great victory
, p. 83.
ISBN
1-85532-609-4
.
- ^
"Edward II: The Great Famine, 1315 to 1317", by Kathryn Warner (2009)
- ^
Routledge Revivals: Medieval France (1995): An Encyclopedia
. Taylor & Francis. 2017. p. 568.
ISBN
9781351665667
.
- ^
Kelly, Samantha (2003).
The New Solomon: Robert of Naples (1309?1343) and Fourteenth Century Kingship
, p. 228. Brill.
- ^
Art Cosgrove, ed., Art, ed.,
A New History of Ireland
(Oxford University Press, 2008) pp.286?288
- ^
McCrackan, William Denison (1901).
The rise of the Swiss republic: a history
. H. Holt.
- ^
Jordan, W. C. (1996).
The Great Famine: Northern Europe in the early Fourteenth Century
, pp. 169?170. Princeton University Press.
- ^
Tuchman, Barbara Wertheim (1978).
A Distant Mirror: The Calamitous 14th Century
, p. 127. Knopf.
ISBN
978-0-394-40026-6
.
- ^
Richardson, Douglas (2011). Everingham, Kimball G. (ed.).
Magna Carta Ancestry: A Study in Colonial and Medieval Families
, p. 471. Vol III (2nd ed.). Salt Lake City.
ISBN
978-1449966386
.
- ^
Wilson, Katharina M.; Wilson, M. (1991).
An Encyclopedia of Continental Women Writers
. Taylor & Francis. p. 138.
ISBN
978-0-8240-8547-6
.