????????? ????????? Bh?rat Ga?ar?jya
?????? State Emblem
?????:  " Satyameva Jayate "   ( Sanskrit ) "Truth Alone Triumphs" [?]
???? ????:   Jana Gana Mana "Thou art the rulers of the minds of all people" [?] [?]
National song Vande Mataram "I Bow to Thee, Mother" [a] [?] [?]
Area controlled by India shown in dark green; claimed but uncontrolled regions shown in light green.
??????	???? ????
????? ????	????? 18°58′30″N 72°49′33″E  /  18.97500°N 72.82583°E  / 18.97500; 72.82583
???? ?????	????? ??? English [?] [?] [nb ?]
Recognised regional languages	8th Schedule ???? ???? , ????? ???? , ???? ???? , ????? ???? , Gujarati , ????? ??? , ?????? ???? , Kashmiri , Konkani , ????????? , Malayalam , Manipuri , ??????? ???? , ???? ???? ?????? ???? , Punjabi , ???????? ???? , Santali , ????? ???? , ????? ???? , Telugu , ??????? [?]
National language	None [?] [??]
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??????(??)	?????????
?????	????? ?????? parliamentary ???????? [?]
?  President	Pranab Mukherjee
?  Vice-President	Mohammad Hamid Ansari
?  Prime Minister	Narendra Modi
?  Chief Justice	T. S. Thakur [??]
?  Speaker of the Lower House	Sumitra Mahajan
????? ??????	Parliament of India
?  ?????? ?????	Rajya Sabha
?  ????? ?????	Lok Sabha
Independence   from the ????? ????????
?  Dominion	15 August 1947
?  ????????	26 January 1950
?????
? ????	??? ??????????:Convert-?? 1851-??/?? ??????: attempt to index local 'en_value' (a nil value). [b] ( 7th )
? ?? (%)	9.6
?????
? 2016 ??????	1,293,057,000 [??] ( 2nd )
? 2011 census	1,210,854,977 [??] [??] ( 2nd )
? ???????	??? ??????????:Convert-?? 1851-??/?? ??????: attempt to index local 'en_value' (a nil value). ( 31st )
????????   ( PPP )	2016 ??????
? ????	$8.727 trillion [??] ( 3rd )
? ?????????	$6,664 [??] ( 122nd )
????????   (??????)	2016 ??????
? ????	$2.384 trillion [??] ( 7th )
? ?????????	$1,820 [??] ( 141st )
????   (2009)	33.9 [??] ?????  ·  79th
????????   (2014)	0.609 [??] ?????  ·  130-??
??? ??????	Indian rupee ( ? ) ( INR )
??? ????????	UTC +05:30 ( IST )
	??? ?????? is not observed
????? ??????	dd-mm-yyyy
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???????????? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ??????????. ???? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?????????? ??? ??? km-?? ????????. ????? ?? ??%-i ?????????????????????. ????????? ?????-?? ?? ????? ?????? ??????????? ?????????. ??????? ??? ???? ?????? ??????. ???????? ?? ????? ? ??? ????? ????? ??????? ???????. ????????? ??????? ???????? ????????? ??????? ????????? ?????????. ???????????? ???? ??????? ?????? ?? ????? ????????????. ??????? ??? ??? ???? ??????? ??????? ???????.

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????????? ????????? ????????? ????-???? ???????? ???? ????????? ???? ???-???????? ????????. ???? ???????????? ??????????? ???? ?????? ???? ?? ?????? ????????? ????? ???????. ?? ???????? ???????? ??????? (?????) ???????????? ???????? ????????????. ??????????? ???? ???????????? ????-????????? ??????? ? ?????? ?????????? ????-???? ???????? ??????? ??????? ?????????? ??????????? ????? ???? ??????????? ???????????????? ??? ????????????. ?? ???????? ?????????????? ?????????????? ???? ????? ???????????? ????????????????? ?????? ???? ??????????????. ????? ??????????? ???????????? ?????? ?????????? ???? ???? ??????? ???????? ???? ???????? ????? ?????????????????? ??????????? ?????? ? ??? ?????? ????? ??????? ????? ?????????.

??????? ???? ????-?? ??????? ?????????????? ????-?? ??????? ????????????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????. ?? ???? ???????? ?????????????? ????? ???? ??????????. ?????? ?????? ?????? (?????) ?????????????? ????????????????? ????? ????? ?????????????? ??????? ??????????????? ????? ?????????????? ? ?????? ????????? ????????????????? ??????????? ???? ??????? ?????? ????? ?????????. ????????? ?????? ????? ?????? "????????? ??????" ????????? ?????? ???????? ????? ???????????.

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?????????????? ???????? ???????????? ???????????? ????? ???????????. "??? ?????? ??????????" ? "???? ?????? ????? ?????" ???????? ???? ????????????????????? ????????? ??????? ??????????? ? ????? ?????????? ????????? ??????????????????? ????????? ?????????. ???? ?????? ???????????????????? ? ????? ??????????? ????? ?????? ???? ??????????. ????? ?????????? ??????? ???? ??????? ???????? ??-?? ?????????? ????%-?? ????-?? ??????? ????%-? ??????????.

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??????? ????? ??-?? ??????? ?????????????? ????????????. ?? ????? ???? ????? ???? ??? ??????? (?????) ? ????? ?????? (?????) ??????????? ???? ???????????? ??? ?????????? ?? ?????? ???? ???????? ???????????. ???? ??????? "????? ????????" ???????????????? ?????????? ????????????. ?????? ?????-??? ??????? (?????)????????? ?????? (?????)? ???????? ?????????? ??????? ??????? ???? ????????????. ?? ??????????? ????????? ???????? ???? ?????????? ???? ?? ????-?? ????? ????????? ????????????????? ??????. ??????????? ???????? ? ????? ????????????? ???????? ?????????? ?????? ? ????? ????????? ?????? ???????????? ????????? ????? ???????????? ??? ???????????.

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???????????? ?-?? ????? ???? ???? ?????????????? (???????? ? %). ????? ?????????? ???? ??????????? ??? ??????? ???????????? ?-?? ???????? ???????. ???-??????? ????????? ??????????????? ???????? ???? ????????? ????????? (?????? ?????? ??????????? ? ??????? ??????????) ??????????. ???????? ??????????? ?? ???? ?????? ???????? ???????. ????? ?????????????? ???? ????? ????? ?????. ??????? ????? ????????? ???? ???????? ??????????? ???????? ??????? ????????. ???????? ??????? ???????? ??????????????? ?????? ???????????? ?????? ??????? ???????????? ???? ???????????. ??????? ??? ???? ???????? ????? ??????? ????? ??????? ????? ???????????? ?? ???????????? ??????????? ??????? ??????????????. ???? ????? ????????? ?????? ??? ???? ??? ???? ??????????? ??????? ??????? ???????????? ????? ??? ?????? ????????? ??????????? ?????????????. ?????? ??????? (?????????) ???????????? ???? ????????. ??????????? ???-??????? ????? ???????????? ???? ???????? ???????? ?????????: ???? ???????? ??????? (?????-???????? ??????? ???)? ????-???????? ??????? (????-?????????? ??? ??? ???)? ??????? ???????? ????????? ??????? (??? ???. ???)? ???? ???? ??????? ??????? (??? ??? ???)? ???????????? ?????? ??????? (? ??? ???).

????????????? ??????? ???????? ???????????? ???????? ????????????? ???????? ???? ?????????. ?????? ?????? ??-??-??-?? ??????? ??? ???????????? ???? ?? ???????????????. ???-??????? ??? ?? ???? ??????????? ??? ????????? ????????? ????? ???????. ??? ??????? ??????? ???? ???? ????? ????????? (???? ??? ??? ??????????? ???). ????????? ???? ???? ????????? ?????????? ? ?? ???? ??? ????????????? ?????????????. ?????????? ???????? (??? ??? ???) ?????????? ???? ???? ??????????? ???????? ????? ????????? ??????? (??? ??? ???) ? ????? ????????? ??????????? (???? ??? ???). ????? ????????? ??????? ????-?? ????? ????????? ???? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????????? ?????????? ??????? ??????????. ??????? ?????? ???????????? ????????? (??? ???. ???)? ?????????? (??????. ???)? ??????????? ???????? ???????? (??? ??? ???) ??????????? ?? ??????.

??????????? ????????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ???????????? ??????? ??? ???? ???????. ????? ??????????? ? ??????? ????? ?????. ?????? ????? ??????????? ??????????.

???????????? ??????? ??? ?????? ??????? ???????. ???????? ??????? ??????????? ?????????????. ???????????? ???? ????? ???? ???? ???????? ?????????-??????? (????????? ?-??- ??-?? ??????? ?????? ????????????? ?????????? ????? ??????? ???????) ?? ??????. ????????? ???? ??? ??? ???? ???? ??????????? ???? ??? ??? ??????. ????? ????????? ????????????? ???????? ???? ????????? ???????. ???????????? ?????????? ? ??? ????????. ???????? ??????? ?????????? ? ???????? ?????????????.

????? [ ???????? ]

?????? ????????? ???????? ?????? ????????? ?????????? ?? ??? ???? ???????? ? ???????? ?????? ?????????? ?????????. ???? (??? ???? ??? ????) ???????? ??????? ??? ??????-? ????? ?????? ?????????????? ????? ????? ???? ???-?? ???? ??????? ? ??? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ? ????????. ?????????? ??? ????? ??????? ??????????. ??????????? (??????????) ????? ???????????? ???????? ? ??? ??????? ??????????? ??????? ?????? ???? ????????? (?????????? ???????????) ????? ??????? (???????? ???????). ???? ??????????? ?????????? ?????? ???????? ?????????? ? ???? ??????? ??????.

????? ????????? ????? ?????? ???? ????????????? ?????????? ?? ??? ???????? ???????? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ???(???)??? ???????-????????? (??????-?????????) ??????????? ???????????? ???? ????? ???????? ?????? ?????.

????????? [ ???????? ]

??????? ??? [ ???????? ]

???????? ??????????

????????? [ ???????? ]

1. ^ ^{??? ??? ??? ???} National Informatics Centre 2005 .
2. ^ Wolpert 2003 , p. 1.
3. ^ ^{??? ???} National Symbols | National Portal of India . India.gov.in. ???????????6 July 2013.
4. ^ Hindi, not a national language: Court .
5. ^ Constitutional Provisions - Official Language Related Part-17 Of The Constitution Of India (Hindi) . ????????? ???? ???????? on 2016-11-08. ???????????27 December 2015.
6. ^ Ministry of Home Affairs 1960 .
7. ^ Profile | National Portal of India . India.gov.in. ???????????23 August 2013.
8. ^ Eighth Schedule . ????????? ???? ???????? on 2018-12-25. ???????????1 July 2013.
9. ^ Khan, Saeed (25 January 2010). "There's no national language in India: Gujarat High Court" . http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Theres-no-national-language-in-India-Gujarat-High-Court/articleshow/5496231.cms . Retrieved 5 May 2014 .
10. ^ Press Trust of India (25 January 2010). Hindi, not a national language: Court . ???????????23 December 2014.
11. ^ Census of India : C-1 Population By Religious Community .
12. ^ 2.87 million Indians have no faith, census reveals for first time .
13. ^ Justice TS Thakur sworn in as 43rd Chief Justice of India .
14. ^ Profile . india.gov.in .
15. ^ "India" IMF Population estimates.
16. ^ Population Enumeration Data (Final Population) . Census of India .
17. ^ A - 2 DECADAL VARIATION IN POPULATION SINCE 1901 (PDF). Census of India .
18. ^ ^{???? ???? ???? ????} World Economic Outlook Database, October 2015 - Report for Selected Countries and Subjects . ????????????? ??? ?????? (IMF). ???????????6 October 2015.
19. ^ Gini Index . World Bank. ???????????2 March 2011.
20. ^ Human Development Report 2015 Summary . The United Nations. ???????????14 December 2015.
21. ^ INDIA STATS : Million plus cities in India as per Census 2011 .
22. ^ km.*
23. ^
24. ^ ???????????? ?. (???.? ????)? ????? ????? ??? ???????? ???????? ??? ?????? ??????-??? ????????? ???????? ??? ?????? ? ???????? ?? ?????? ? ?????? ?? ?????? ??. ????? ?????????.
25. ^
26. ^ ??????:???? ????

1. ^ "[...] Jana Gana Mana is the National Anthem of India, subject to such alterations in the words as the Government may authorise as occasion arises; and the song Vande Mataram , which has played a historic part in the struggle for Indian freedom, shall be honoured equally with Jana Gana Mana and shall have equal status with it." Constituent Assembly of India 1950 .
2. ^ "The country's exact size is subject to debate because some borders are disputed. The Indian government lists the total area as ????????? km ² (????????? sq mi) and the total land area as ????????? km ² (????????? sq mi); the United Nations lists the total area as ????????? km ² (????????? sq mi) and total land area as ????????? km ² (????????? sq mi)." Library of Congress 2004 .

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