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??? ????? ( ?????? : Toni Morrison ; ???? ???: ???? ?????????? ?'????? ; ^[2] ?? ?????????? ???? ? ? ????? ????) ?????? ???????? ?????????, ?????????, ???????, ?????? ??? ???????? ???? ????????? ??????????????? ????????? ??????? ????? ???? ??? ????? ????? ??????? "?? ????????? ??" ???????? ?????? ??????? ???? ??? ???????? ???? ??????? "?? ?? ?'?'??"? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ????????? ?????? ???? ??? ??????? ???? ??? "??????" ???????? ???? ???? ???????? ??? ?????? ??? ???????????? ???????? ???? ??? ???????

???? ??? ?? ?????????? ?????? ?????'? ?????? ???? ????? ??? ??? ?????? ???? ??? ??????? ??????????????? ??? ?????? ?????? ??? ??????? ????? ???? ?????? ??????????????? ??? ???? ??????????? ?????? ??? ??????? ???? ??????? ??????????????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ??? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??? ????????? ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ???? ??? ???????? ????? ??????? ???? ????? ???? ???? ???? ???? "?????? ????"? ????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ??? ??????? ?????? ???? ??? ????? ???? ???? ???? ??????? ?????????? ?????? ?????????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ????? ??????? ??????? "??????"? ?????? ???? ??? ???????? ?????????? ??? ?????? ????????? ??????? ???????

???? ??? ???? ???????? ????? ???? ??? ???? ^[3] ???? ??? ?????? ?????????? ?? ?? ??????????? ????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ???? ????? ???? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ?????????? ???????? ????????? ??????? ????? ??? ??? ??????? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ???????? ??????? ??? ???? ??? ????? ????????? ???? ??????? ??? ?????? ???? ??? ?? ??' ?????? ???????? ?????????? ????? ????? ??? ????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ?????? "???????????????? ????? ?? ??????" ?????? ??????? ???? ??? ???? ???????? ???????????? ???/???? ???' ???? ??? ???????

???? ??? ? ????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ? ??????????? ??????? ???????? ????'????? ???? ???????? ?? ?? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ?????? ????

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↑ "Toni Morrison Fast Facts" . CNN . https://www.cnn.com/2013/04/14/us/toni-morrison-fast-facts/index.html ? ???? ??? ????: February 16, 2018 .
↑ Duvall, John N. (2000). The Identifying Fictions of Toni Morrison: Modernist Authenticity and Postmodern Blackness . Palgrave Macmillan. ??????. 38. ISBN 978-0-312-23402-7 . https://books.google.com/books?id=iHbeC1I_aWUC&pg=PA38 . "After all the published biographical information on Morrison agrees that her full name is Chloe Anthony Wofford, so that the adoption of 'Toni' as a substitute for 'Chloe' still honors her given name, if somewhat obliquely. Morrison's middle name, however, was not Anthony; her birth certificate indicates her full name as Chloe Ardelia Wofford, which reveals that Ramah and George Wofford named their daughter for her maternal grandmother, Ardelia Willis."
↑ Fox, Margalit (6 August 2019). "Toni Morrison, Towering Novelist of the Black Experience, Dies at 88" . The New York Times . https://www.nytimes.com/2019/08/06/books/toni-morrison-dead.html?campaign_id=60&instance_id=0&segment_id=15916&user_id=579ae23cfcbd75c9aac87cb571cc201c&regi_id=72995439ing-news ? ???? ??? ????: 6 August 2019 .
↑ Schappell, Elissa; Lacour, Claudia Brodsky (Fall 1993). "Toni Morrison, The Art of Fiction No. 134" . The Paris Review (128) . http://www.theparisreview.org/interviews/1888/the-art-of-fiction-no-134-toni-morrison .

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??????????
Toni Morrison's oral history video excerpts at The National Visionary Leadership Project
Toni Morrison at Random House Australia

[1] "Toni Morrison Fast Facts" . CNN . https://www.cnn.com/2013/04/14/us/toni-morrison-fast-facts/index.html ? ???? ??? ????: February 16, 2018 .

[:0-2] Duvall, John N. (2000). The Identifying Fictions of Toni Morrison: Modernist Authenticity and Postmodern Blackness . Palgrave Macmillan. ??????. 38. ISBN 978-0-312-23402-7 . https://books.google.com/books?id=iHbeC1I_aWUC&pg=PA38 . "After all the published biographical information on Morrison agrees that her full name is Chloe Anthony Wofford, so that the adoption of 'Toni' as a substitute for 'Chloe' still honors her given name, if somewhat obliquely. Morrison's middle name, however, was not Anthony; her birth certificate indicates her full name as Chloe Ardelia Wofford, which reveals that Ramah and George Wofford named their daughter for her maternal grandmother, Ardelia Willis."

[3] Fox, Margalit (6 August 2019). "Toni Morrison, Towering Novelist of the Black Experience, Dies at 88" . The New York Times . https://www.nytimes.com/2019/08/06/books/toni-morrison-dead.html?campaign_id=60&instance_id=0&segment_id=15916&user_id=579ae23cfcbd75c9aac87cb571cc201c&regi_id=72995439ing-news ? ???? ??? ????: 6 August 2019 .

[4] Schappell, Elissa; Lacour, Claudia Brodsky (Fall 1993). "Toni Morrison, The Art of Fiction No. 134" . The Paris Review (128) . http://www.theparisreview.org/interviews/1888/the-art-of-fiction-no-134-toni-morrison .

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