???? ???

???? ???
( ??????? ??? : Paul Naim Berg )
??????? ?????
??????	30 ??? 1926? ; ??????? ???????
????	15 ????? 2023? (97 ???) ; ???????
?????	????????? ????? ??????
???	???? ??????? ? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ? ???????? ?????? ????? ????? ? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ? ???? ? ?? ??? ?? ?? ? ?????? ????????? ???????
?????	one
????? ?????
???? ?????
????_?????	????? ??????? ; ???? ???? ??? ??????? ????????? ;
???? ????	????????? ????? ????????? (?1948) ; ????? ???
???? ?????	????? ?????
?????? ?????	?? ??? ??
????	????? ????? ??? ? ??????? ??????? ??? ? ???????? ? ????
???? ????? ????	???????
???? ???	????? ?????
??????	????? ???????
???????
	???? ???? ????? ????? (1983) ; ???? ????? ????? ????? (1980) ; ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ??????
	????? - ?????

???? ??? ??? ?????? ????????? ??? ???????? ?? ?????? ???? ????? ?? 1980? ??? ????? ????? ??? ????? ???? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ?? ????? ?? ???? ????? ?????

???? ?????? [ ????? ]

???? ????? ????? ?????

??? ????

????? ??? [ ????? ]

↑ ??? : https://d-nb.info/gnd/131448382 ? ??? ??? ??????: 26 ????? 2014 ? ????? ????: CC0
↑ Paul Berg - Biographical ? ????: ???? ????????
↑ ??? ??? ?? ?? ??? ??? ??: https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w69w1x78 ? ????: Paul Berg ? ??? ??? ??????: 9 ?????? 2017
↑ ????? ??????? ????????? ?? ???? ??? ??: https://www.britannica.com/biography/Paul-Berg ? ????: Paul Berg ? ??? ??? ??????: 9 ?????? 2017 ? ????? : Encyclopædia Britannica
↑ Brockhaus Enzyklopadie online ID: https://brockhaus.de/ecs/enzy/article/berg-paul ? ????: Paul Berg ? ??? ??? ??????: 9 ?????? 2017
↑ Proleksis enciklopedija ID: https://proleksis.lzmk.hr/11874 ? ????: Paul Berg ? ????? : Proleksis enciklopedija
↑ A Stanford Professor's Career in Biochemistry, Science Politics, and the Biotechnology Industry
↑ Nobel Prize winner and recombinant DNA pioneer Paul Berg dies
↑ http://www.nndb.com/org/290/000161804/
^ ^? ^? http://www.nndb.com/people/631/000100331/
↑ ??? : ??? ??? ?? ?? ???? ??? ??
↑ Elizabeth H. Oakes (2007)? Encyclopedia of World Scientists ? New York: Facts on File? ISBN 1438118821 ? 26 ????? 2018 ??? ??? ?? ??????? ??? ? ??? ??? ?????? 11 ????? 2015
↑ 2001 article about Berg ??????? ??? (Date missing) ?????? Stanford Web Archive from a ????? ??????? website
↑ http://www.nndb.com/org/084/000099784/
↑ http://www.nndb.com/company/609/000062423/
↑ http://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12275272v ? ??? ??? ??????: 10 ?????? 2015 ? ????: ????? ?? ???? ??? ???? ? ????? ????: ???? ????? ????
↑ The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1980 ? ??? ??? ??????: 3 ????? 2021 ? ????: ???? ????????
↑ Table showing prize amounts ? ??? ??? ??????: 3 ????? 2021 ? ????: ???? ???????? ? ???? ??? ??: ????? 2019

??? ??? ???? ???? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ????? ??? ?? ?? ??? ???? ????? ???? ????????? ?? ??? ?????? ????

??? ??? ???? ????????? ?? ????? ???? ?? ????? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ????? ??? ?? ?? ??? ???? ????? ???? ????????? ?? ??? ?????? ????

[274565d7568c32a4ecb6b04d940e94ee9bcb90b8-1] ??? : https://d-nb.info/gnd/131448382 ? ??? ??? ??????: 26 ????? 2014 ? ????? ????: CC0

[1ddae217421fd275409f34b044904c007916dcf0-2] Paul Berg - Biographical ? ????: ???? ????????

[4d5954cbe846ac0369b2fd5fbb749de59fe57240-3] ??? ??? ?? ?? ??? ??? ??: https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w69w1x78 ? ????: Paul Berg ? ??? ??? ??????: 9 ?????? 2017

[2bc99e237a0d1239003a08397292dd3d0bcb2161-4] ????? ??????? ????????? ?? ???? ??? ??: https://www.britannica.com/biography/Paul-Berg ? ????: Paul Berg ? ??? ??? ??????: 9 ?????? 2017 ? ????? : Encyclopædia Britannica

[e5dfa76ab147022c1facd29b5786e103a0578d69-5] Brockhaus Enzyklopadie online ID: https://brockhaus.de/ecs/enzy/article/berg-paul ? ????: Paul Berg ? ??? ??? ??????: 9 ?????? 2017

[d159b2137da2e0f6e0820f8a6f8dbb5c4a8af66a-6] Proleksis enciklopedija ID: https://proleksis.lzmk.hr/11874 ? ????: Paul Berg ? ????? : Proleksis enciklopedija

[4b8177fea353eeb8e8d36a0b9474f5dbb8638a35-7] A Stanford Professor's Career in Biochemistry, Science Politics, and the Biotechnology Industry

[6af382247efc717b5b79df84f0d87ecdc9285082-8] Nobel Prize winner and recombinant DNA pioneer Paul Berg dies

[5d481c2974db1ed4b565a01cb855b38b470aaebc-9] ttp://www.nndb.com/org/290/000161804/

[5bfdbef9411037b9d80460ebf29a70071623cafe-10] ? ^? http://www.nndb.com/people/631/000100331/

[757e4753c6072dfb329049414d9ad07e4b153b5d-11] ??? : ??? ??? ?? ?? ???? ??? ??

[12] Elizabeth H. Oakes (2007)? Encyclopedia of World Scientists ? New York: Facts on File? ISBN 1438118821 ? 26 ????? 2018 ??? ??? ?? ??????? ??? ? ??? ??? ?????? 11 ????? 2015

[13] 2001 article about Berg ??????? ??? (Date missing) ?????? Stanford Web Archive from a ????? ??????? website

[bef631f47f9ecbd15fee315eafed8b5edd95bbe0-14] ttp://www.nndb.com/org/084/000099784/

[803b25a7bbd088a897e735eeda0625f8578baa8a-15] ttp://www.nndb.com/company/609/000062423/

[9c3912e11c3be985d63c9fa092597c9a3f9c8700-16] ttp://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12275272v ? ??? ??? ??????: 10 ?????? 2015 ? ????: ????? ?? ???? ??? ???? ? ????? ????: ???? ????? ????

[fb6038c62f48c051e9f7b3232f7defbd4e162c87-17] The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1980 ? ??? ??? ??????: 3 ????? 2021 ? ????: ???? ????????

[7b05ffad7c4943f418a2699f17b160a6af465afa-18] Table showing prize amounts ? ??? ??? ??????: 3 ????? 2021 ? ????: ???? ???????? ? ???? ??? ??: ????? 2019

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? ? ? ????? ??? ???? ????? ???? ????? ?? ?????
1901?1925	?????? ???????? ???? ??? (1901) ???? ???? ??? (1902) ????? ????? ?????? (1903) ?? ???? ????? (1904) ?????? ??? ???? (1905) ???? ?????? (1906) ??????? ????? (1907) ?????? ??????? (1908) ????? ???????? (1909) ???? ????? (1910) ???? ????? (1911) ??? ?????? / ????? ???????? (1912) ????? ???? (1913) ??????? ???? ????? (1914) ???? ??????? (1915) ???? ???? (1918) ?????? ????? (1920) ?????? ???? (1921) ?????????? ?????? (1922) ???? ????? (1923) ???? ????? ??????? (1925)
1926?1950	?????? ??????? (1926) ?????? ??? ?????? (1927) ?????? ??? ???????? ?????? (1928) ????? ????? / ???? ??? (1929) ???? ??? (1930) ???? ??? / ?????? ?????? (1931) ????? ?????? (1932) ????? ??? (1934) ?????? ????? / ????? ????? ????? (1935) ?????????? (1936) ????? ?????? / ???? ??? (1937) ???? ???? (1938) ???? ???????? / ??????????? (1939) ???? ?? ????? (1943) ???? ??? (1944) ?????? ????? ????? (1945) ???? ?? ??? / ??? ???? ??????? / ???? ??????? ?????? (1946) ????? ?????? (1947) ???? ?????? (1948) ???? ???? (1949) ????????? / ??? ???? (1950)
1951?1975	????? ????? / ???? ?? ?? ???? (1951) ???? ???? ????? ????? / ???? ?????? ?????? ???? (1952) ???? ???????? (1953) ???? ????? (1954) ????? ??? ?????? (1955) ????? ????? ?????? / ????? ?????? (1956) ????????? ??? (1957) ?????? ???? (1958) ???????? ??????? (1959) ????? ???? (1960) ???? ????? (1961) ???? ?????? / ??? ??????? (1962) ???? ????? / ????? ???? (1963) ??????? ??????? (1964) ????? ??? ????? (1965) ????? ??? ????? (1966) ?????? ???? / ?????? ???? ??? ???? ???? / ???? ????? (1967) ???? ?????? (1968) ????? ?????? / ??? ??? (1969) ???? ???????? ?????? (1970) ????????? ??? (1971) ????? ?? ??????? / ???????? ???? / ???? ???? ???? (1972) ????? ???? ???? / ?????? ?????? (1973) ???? ????? (1974) ??? ???????? / ??????? ?????? (1975)
1976?2000	???? ???????? (1976) ???? ??????? (1977) ???? ?? ???? (1978) ????? ?? ????? / ???? ?? (1979) ???? ??? / ????? ????? / ?????? ???? (1980) ????? ?????? / ?????? ??? ??? (1981) ???? ??? (1982) ???? ????? (1983) ???? ???????? (1984) ????? ?? ???????? / ????? ????? (1985) ?????? ?? ????? / ???? ?? ?? / ???? ??????? (1986) ?????? ?? ???? / ??? ???? ???? / ????? ?? ?????? (1987) ???? ???????? / ????? ???? / ???? ??? (1988) ???? ??? ??? / ????? ??? (1989) ????? ???? (1990) ???? ?? ????? (1991) ????? ?? ????? (1992) ???? ????? / ? (1????? ????993) ???? ????? (1994) ???? ??. ????? / ????? ??. ?????? / ????? ?????? (1995) ????? ??? / ????? ????? / ???? ????? (1996) ???? ??. ???? / ???? ??. ????? / ??? ??????? ??? (1997) ????? ???? / ???? ???? (1998) ???? ???? (1999) ???? ?? ???? / ???? ??????? / ??????????? (2000)
2001??????	???? ?????? ????? / ????? ????? / ???? ???? ??????? (2001) ???? ??? / ?????? ????? / ??? ????? (2002) ???? ???? / ????? ??????? (2003) ???? ??????? / ?????? / ???? ??? (2004) ????? ???. ???? / ???? ??. ???? / ??? ???? (2005) ???? ??. ???? ??? (2006) ?? ???? ???? (2007) ?????? ??????? / ????? ????? / ???? ???? . ???? (2008) ????? ???? ???????? / ????? ??. ????? / ??? ?? ?????? (2009) ???? ??? ??? / ????? ?????? / ?? ???? ????? (2010) ??? ???? ??? (2011) ????? ???????? / ????? ?????? (2012) ????? ?????? / ?????? ???? / ???? ????? (2013) ????? ????? / ?????? ??? / ???? ?? ????? (2014) ???? ???? / ??? ??? ????? / ???? ????? (2015) ??? ???? ????? / ????? ???????? / ?? ????? (2016) ??? ?????? / ????? ????? / ???? ??????? (2017) ?????? ????? / ???? ???? / ??????? ???? (2018) ??? ??????? / ??????? ?????? / ????? ?????? (2019) ???????? ????????? / ?????? ???? (2020) ?????? ??? / ???? ??? ??? (2021) ??????? ?????? / ????? ?????? / ???? ???? ??????? (2022) ????? ?????? / ???? ???? / ?????? ??????? (2023)