????? ????

????? ????
( ??????? ??? : Willard Frank Libby )
??????? ?????
??????	17 ????? 1908?
????	8 ????? 1980? (72 ???) ; ??? ??????
?????	????????? ????? ??????
???	???? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ? ???? ? ???? ?????? ????? ?????
???? ?????
????_?????	????? ??????????? ????? ; SAM Laboratories ; ????????? ?? ????? ; ????????? ?? ??????????? ??? ?????? ;
??????	Radioactivity of ordinary elements, especially samarium and neodymium: method of detection
???? ????	????? ??????????? ????? ; ????? ??????
?????? ????	Wendell Mitchell Latimer
?????? ????	Maurice Sanford Fox ; ????? ???? ??????
????	???????? ? ????? ?????
???? ????? ????	???????
???? ???	????? ??????
??????	????? ??????????? ??? ?????? ? ????? ??????????? ????? ? ????? ?????
???????
	???? ????? ????? ????? (1960) ; ??? ????? ????? ??? ??????? ???????? ?????? (1941)
?????????
	???? ????? ????? ????? (1960) ; ???? ????? ????? ??????? (1960) ; ???? ????? ????? ????? (1959) ; ???? ????? ????? ????? (1958) ; ???? ????? ????? ????? (1957) ; ???? ????? ????? ??????? (1957) ; ???? ????? ????? ????? (1956) ; ???? ????? ????? ??????? (1956) ; ???? ????? ????? ????? (1955) ; ???? ????? ????? ????? (1954) ; ???? ????? ????? ??????? (1953) ; ???? ????? ????? ????? (1951)
	????? - ?????

????? ???? ??? ?????? ??????? ????????? ???? ????? ?? ?? ????? ????? ????? ?? ??? ?? ???? ???? ?? ?? ??? ?? ??? ?? ??????? ?? ???? ??? ??? ?????? ???? ?????

???? ?????? [ ????? ]

???? ????? ????? ?????

??? ????

????? ??? [ ????? ]

^ ^? ^? ??? : https://d-nb.info/gnd/107570505 ? ??? ??? ??????: 27 ????? 2014 ? ????? ????: CC0
^ ^? ^? ????? ??????? ????????? ?? ???? ??? ??: https://www.britannica.com/biography/Willard-Libby ? ????: Willard Frank Libby ? ??? ??? ??????: 9 ?????? 2017 ? ????? : Encyclopædia Britannica
^ ^? ^? ??? ??? ?? ?? ??? ??? ??: https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w61z6ssw ? ????: Willard Libby ? ??? ??? ??????: 9 ?????? 2017
^ ^? ^? Internet Speculative Fiction Database author ID: https://www.isfdb.org/cgi-bin/ea.cgi?107703 ? ????: Willard F. Libby ? ??? ??? ??????: 9 ?????? 2017
^ ^? ^? Brockhaus Enzyklopadie online ID: https://brockhaus.de/ecs/enzy/article/libby-willard-frank ? ????: Willard Frank Libby
^ ^? ^? ???? ????????????? ??????? ??? ??: https://www.enciclopedia.cat/ec-gec-0037143.xml ? ????: Willard Libby ? ????? : Gran Enciclopedia Catalana
↑ GeneaStar person ID: https://www.geneastar.org/genealogie/?refcelebrite=libbyw ? ????: Willard Libby
↑ Munzinger person ID: https://www.munzinger.de/search/go/document.jsp?id=00000007724 ? ????: Willard F. Libby ? ??? ??? ??????: 9 ?????? 2017
↑ ??? : https://d-nb.info/gnd/107570505 ? ??? ??? ??????: 31 ????? 2014 ? ????? ????: CC0
^ ^? ^? ^? https://www.gf.org/fellows/all-fellows/willard-f-libby/
↑ The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1960 ? ??? ??? ??????: 5 ????? 2021 ? ????: ???? ????????
↑ Table showing prize amounts ? ??? ??? ??????: 5 ????? 2021 ? ????: ???? ???????? ? ???? ??? ??: ????? 2019
↑ http://www.nobelprize.org/nomination/archive/show_people.php?id=5458

??? ??? ???? ???? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ????? ??? ?? ?? ??? ???? ????? ???? ????????? ?? ??? ?????? ????

??? ??? ???? ????????? ?? ????? ???? ?? ????? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ????? ??? ?? ?? ??? ???? ????? ???? ????????? ?? ??? ?????? ????

[e3f7e60fd57a19a620f403bcf0bc3c7519ed92fc-1] ? ^? ??? : https://d-nb.info/gnd/107570505 ? ??? ??? ??????: 27 ????? 2014 ? ????? ????: CC0

[40342f40d12007eeee88bb25df3681cb9ee92231-2] ? ^? ????? ??????? ????????? ?? ???? ??? ??: https://www.britannica.com/biography/Willard-Libby ? ????: Willard Frank Libby ? ??? ??? ??????: 9 ?????? 2017 ? ????? : Encyclopædia Britannica

[54160edf8a628bac55b2e20ded46bc6c37052c30-3] ? ^? ??? ??? ?? ?? ??? ??? ??: https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w61z6ssw ? ????: Willard Libby ? ??? ??? ??????: 9 ?????? 2017

[acd88da55d874cbb435b32d668ba0e16769d4d02-4] ? ^? Internet Speculative Fiction Database author ID: https://www.isfdb.org/cgi-bin/ea.cgi?107703 ? ????: Willard F. Libby ? ??? ??? ??????: 9 ?????? 2017

[e5536cbf60801e865f998d9dd7640ace8734f6dc-5] ? ^? Brockhaus Enzyklopadie online ID: https://brockhaus.de/ecs/enzy/article/libby-willard-frank ? ????: Willard Frank Libby

[905261229fbbe1e299bdcad22d11c09d370cab7c-6] ? ^? ???? ????????????? ??????? ??? ??: https://www.enciclopedia.cat/ec-gec-0037143.xml ? ????: Willard Libby ? ????? : Gran Enciclopedia Catalana

[bfa55b61d7009427bbef1ed9e08615b3f5cc8e48-7] GeneaStar person ID: https://www.geneastar.org/genealogie/?refcelebrite=libbyw ? ????: Willard Libby

[0f51f7dfcd612a92598f35951a7c28c6fdc0b226-8] Munzinger person ID: https://www.munzinger.de/search/go/document.jsp?id=00000007724 ? ????: Willard F. Libby ? ??? ??? ??????: 9 ?????? 2017

[82136f8a98a4982f31e232ee983777c369136231-9] ??? : https://d-nb.info/gnd/107570505 ? ??? ??? ??????: 31 ????? 2014 ? ????? ????: CC0

[93d533cc4cae65841426955c238373af11e3e926-10] ? ^? ^? https://www.gf.org/fellows/all-fellows/willard-f-libby/

[f46a1991abb89c0b53f440f3d4e3595a36e91c0d-11] The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1960 ? ??? ??? ??????: 5 ????? 2021 ? ????: ???? ????????

[663a9137bb3ed64ee05f83cd464a9d7fc5142e65-12] Table showing prize amounts ? ??? ??? ??????: 5 ????? 2021 ? ????: ???? ???????? ? ???? ??? ??: ????? 2019

[ed510016a4434b0228fadbeb4d11d003efb95d7a-13] ttp://www.nobelprize.org/nomination/archive/show_people.php?id=5458

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? ? ? ????? ??? ???? ????? ???? ????? ?? ?????
1901?1925	?????? ???????? ???? ??? (1901) ???? ???? ??? (1902) ????? ????? ?????? (1903) ?? ???? ????? (1904) ?????? ??? ???? (1905) ???? ?????? (1906) ??????? ????? (1907) ?????? ??????? (1908) ????? ???????? (1909) ???? ????? (1910) ???? ????? (1911) ??? ?????? / ????? ???????? (1912) ????? ???? (1913) ??????? ???? ????? (1914) ???? ??????? (1915) ???? ???? (1918) ?????? ????? (1920) ?????? ???? (1921) ?????????? ?????? (1922) ???? ????? (1923) ???? ????? ??????? (1925)
1926?1950	?????? ??????? (1926) ?????? ??? ?????? (1927) ?????? ??? ???????? ?????? (1928) ????? ????? / ???? ??? (1929) ???? ??? (1930) ???? ??? / ?????? ?????? (1931) ????? ?????? (1932) ????? ??? (1934) ?????? ????? / ????? ????? ????? (1935) ?????????? (1936) ????? ?????? / ???? ??? (1937) ???? ???? (1938) ???? ???????? / ??????????? (1939) ???? ?? ????? (1943) ???? ??? (1944) ?????? ????? ????? (1945) ???? ?? ??? / ??? ???? ??????? / ???? ??????? ?????? (1946) ????? ?????? (1947) ???? ?????? (1948) ???? ???? (1949) ????????? / ??? ???? (1950)
1951?1975	????? ????? / ???? ?? ?? ???? (1951) ???? ???? ????? ????? / ???? ?????? ?????? ???? (1952) ???? ???????? (1953) ???? ????? (1954) ????? ??? ?????? (1955) ????? ????? ?????? / ????? ?????? (1956) ????????? ??? (1957) ?????? ???? (1958) ???????? ??????? (1959) ????? ???? (1960) ???? ????? (1961) ???? ?????? / ??? ??????? (1962) ???? ????? / ????? ???? (1963) ??????? ??????? (1964) ????? ??? ????? (1965) ????? ??? ????? (1966) ?????? ???? / ?????? ???? ??? ???? ???? / ???? ????? (1967) ???? ?????? (1968) ????? ?????? / ??? ??? (1969) ???? ???????? ?????? (1970) ????????? ??? (1971) ????? ?? ??????? / ???????? ???? / ???? ???? ???? (1972) ????? ???? ???? / ?????? ?????? (1973) ???? ????? (1974) ??? ???????? / ??????? ?????? (1975)
1976?2000	???? ???????? (1976) ???? ??????? (1977) ???? ?? ???? (1978) ????? ?? ????? / ???? ?? (1979) ???? ??? / ????? ????? / ?????? ???? (1980) ????? ?????? / ?????? ??? ??? (1981) ???? ??? (1982) ???? ????? (1983) ???? ???????? (1984) ????? ?? ???????? / ????? ????? (1985) ?????? ?? ????? / ???? ?? ?? / ???? ??????? (1986) ?????? ?? ???? / ??? ???? ???? / ????? ?? ?????? (1987) ???? ???????? / ????? ???? / ???? ??? (1988) ???? ??? ??? / ????? ??? (1989) ????? ???? (1990) ???? ?? ????? (1991) ????? ?? ????? (1992) ???? ????? / ? (1????? ????993) ???? ????? (1994) ???? ??. ????? / ????? ??. ?????? / ????? ?????? (1995) ????? ??? / ????? ????? / ???? ????? (1996) ???? ??. ???? / ???? ??. ????? / ??? ??????? ??? (1997) ????? ???? / ???? ???? (1998) ???? ???? (1999) ???? ?? ???? / ???? ??????? / ??????????? (2000)
2001??????	???? ?????? ????? / ????? ????? / ???? ???? ??????? (2001) ???? ??? / ?????? ????? / ??? ????? (2002) ???? ???? / ????? ??????? (2003) ???? ??????? / ?????? / ???? ??? (2004) ????? ???. ???? / ???? ??. ???? / ??? ???? (2005) ???? ??. ???? ??? (2006) ?? ???? ???? (2007) ?????? ??????? / ????? ????? / ???? ???? . ???? (2008) ????? ???? ???????? / ????? ??. ????? / ??? ?? ?????? (2009) ???? ??? ??? / ????? ?????? / ?? ???? ????? (2010) ??? ???? ??? (2011) ????? ???????? / ????? ?????? (2012) ????? ?????? / ?????? ???? / ???? ????? (2013) ????? ????? / ?????? ??? / ???? ?? ????? (2014) ???? ???? / ??? ??? ????? / ???? ????? (2015) ??? ???? ????? / ????? ???????? / ?? ????? (2016) ??? ?????? / ????? ????? / ???? ??????? (2017) ?????? ????? / ???? ???? / ??????? ???? (2018) ??? ??????? / ??????? ?????? / ????? ?????? (2019) ???????? ????????? / ?????? ???? (2020) ?????? ??? / ???? ??? ??? (2021) ??????? ?????? / ????? ?????? / ???? ???? ??????? (2022) ????? ?????? / ???? ???? / ?????? ??????? (2023)