????? ?????????? ??????????

????? ?????????? ?????????? ; Hubble Space Telescope (HST)
	The Hubble Space Telescope as seen from Space Shuttle Discovery during its second servicing mission ( STS-82 )
?????? ????????
NSSDC ID	1990-037B
????????	???? / ESA / STScI
???? ????	?????? 24 , 1990
??????????????	Likely between 2013 and 2021
??????	11,110 kg (24,250 lb)
???????????? ???	??????? ?????? ; ?????? ???? ??????
???????????? ?????	589 ???? (366 ??)
???????? ?????	96?97 ????
?????? ?????	7500 ??/??
???????????? ???????	8.169 ??/??² (26.80 ???/??²)
????????	?????? ???? ??????
?????????? ???	???????-??????? ??? ?????????????
????????	???????? , ??? ????? ????? , ????????????? ?????
???????	2.4 ?? (94 ???.)
?????? ??????	????????. 4.5 ??² (46 ???²)
??????? ?????	57.6 ?? (189 ???)
????????
???? ????????? ????????? ????????? ????????? ???????? ?????????? ???????? (NICMOS)	???? ????????? ????? ????????? ?????/?????????? ????
??????????? ?????? ????????? ????? (ACS)	???????? ?????? ????????? ????? ; (???????? ??????????)
????????? ???????? ????????? ????? 2 (WFPC2)	??????? ???????? ????????? ?????
?????????? ?????????????? ??????????? ?????????? ????? (STIS)	???????? ?????????? ????/????????? ; (??????????)
????????????? ???? (FGS)	?????? ????????????? ???????
	?????????? ; http://www.nasa.gov/hubble · http://hubble.nasa.gov ; http://hubblesite.org · http://www.spacetelescope.org

????? ?????????????? ??????????? ???? (Exploded view of the Hubble Telescope. Click for a larger image).

????? ???? ??????? ????????????? ????? ?????????? ?????????? ( Hubble Space Telescope ) ???????? ???????? ?????????? 1990 ??? ????? ?????? ????????? ?????????? ???????? ??? ?????????? ?????????? ?????. ???????? ??????????? ??????? ????? ????????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ??????????????. ??? ???????? ?????????? ?????????? ???? ??????? ????? ????? ????? ??????????????? ???????, ????? ?????????? ?????. ???????? ??? ??? ???????????? ?????????????, ???????????? ?????? ??????? ???????????????? ?????????? ????????. ??? ???? , ???????? ???????? ????? ????????????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ?????. ????????? ?????? ????? ?????????? , ??????? ?????-????? ????? ??????? , ????????? ?????????? ?????????? ??????????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ??????????????.

1940??????? ?????????? ????????????? ?????? ??????????????? ???????????????????????. 1983 ??? ??????? ???????? ???????????? ????? ??????????? 1970????? ????? ?????????????? ???? ??????????????. ?????, ????????????? ?????????, ?????? ???????, ???????? ??????? ???????????? ??? ????????? ????????????? ???????????. ???????? 1990 ??? ???????? ????????????? ?????????????, ???? ??????? ??????? ???? ???????? ????????????????????. ??? ?????????? ?????????????? ????? ???????? ???????????????. ??????? 1993 ??? ????????? ????????????? ????? ??????????? ????? ??????? ???? ?????????????????? ???????? ???????????????. ????? ???????? ???????????????? ???????? ?????????? ??????? ??????? ???????????? ?????, ??????? ??? ?????????? ?????, ???????????? ?????????????? ??????. ??????? ????????????? ?? ?????????????? ?? ?????????? ????????????? ??? ????????????. ????????????????, ?????? ??????????? ????????? ?????? ????????? ???? ????????????? ?????? ???????????????.

????????????, ?????????????????? ????? ?????????????? ?????? ??????????????? ??? ?????????? ????? ?????. ?????? ?????? ??????? ????????????? ???????? ????????????????????. 1993 ??? ??????????????? ????? ????????? ????? ?????? ???????? ????????????????. 2, 3 ??????? 4 ??? ?????????? ???? ??????? ?????? ????????? ???????????????????????, ?? ???????????? ?????????? ???? ?????????? ?????????? ????????? ????????????. ???????, 2003 ??? ????????? ????????? ???????? ?? ????????? ????????? ??????? ???????????? ??????? ????????????? ???????? ????????????? ????? ???????????????. ????????? ?????? ?????????????????????? ???????, ??????? ??? ???????? ????????????? ??????? ?????????????? ???? ?????? ???????. ??????? ??? ???????? 2008 ?????? ????????????????????.

?????????? ?????????????? ??????????????, ??? 2013 ??? ???????? ??????? ??? ????????. ???? ???????, ????? ?????? ???? ?????????? ?????????? ?????? ??????. ??? ????? ?????????? ?? ??????? ???????? ????????? ????????? ???????? ????? ?????????. ??????? ??? ????????????? ???????? ????? ???????????? ???????? ???????????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ???????????? ?????????? ??????? ???????????????? ??? ???? ???????????? ????????? ??????.

??????????????? ??????????? [ ???? ]

1923 ??? ???????, ???????? ???????? , ?????????????? ?????????????? ?????????? ???????? ???? ????????????? ?????????? ????????? ?????????? ?????? ????? ??????? ???? ?????? ??????????, ?????????? ????? ??????? ????????? ????? ?????????????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ??????????????.

????? ?????????? ?????????????? ?????? 1946 ??? ????????? ?????????? ??????. ???????????, ??????????? ?????? ????????? ??????? ???????? ????????? ????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??????????? ??????? ????????? ??????? ??????? ????? ????????????. ?????, ???????? ?????????? ????????????????, ?????????? ????????????? ?????????????????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ???????????????. ?????????, ?????????????? ????? ??? ???????????????? ????????? ???????? ???????????? ????? ????????? (angular resolution) ???????????????????????. ???????? ???????????????? ?????? ????? ????????? ????????????? ??????? ????????????????? ??????? ???????????? ???????????. ??????? ???????? ?????????? ??????????????? ????? ????????? 0.5-1.0 arcseconds ?????. 2.5 ??????? ??????? ????? ?????????? ??????????????? ???????? ????????????? ????????? 0.05 arcseconds ?? ?????????. ??????????, ???????????????? ??????, ??????????? ??????? ??? ????? ???????????? ????????? ????????. ???????? ??? ?????????????? ???????? ????????????? ??????????.

?????????, ?????????? ?????????? ??????? ????????? ????? ??????????? ???????? ????????? ????????????????. 1962 ???, ?????? ?????????? ????? ???????? ??????? , ???? ???????????????, ????????????????????? ??? ???????? ?????????? ?????????? ????? ???????????? ???????? ????? ???????? ???????. 1965 ??? ???????, ??? ????? ?????????? ?????????? ??????? ???????? ?????????? ????? ??????????????? ???????????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ??????????????.

???????? ????? ?????????? ???????, ?????? ????????? ???????? ????????????????? ??????? ?????????? ?????????????? ???????????? ???????? ???????, ?????????? ????????????? ????? ??????? ????? ?????? ??????????. ????????? ???????? ??? ????? ????? ??????? 1946 ??? ??????? ???????????. 1962 ???, ?????? ?????????? , ???????? ???????? ??????? ???? ?????? ????? ??????. 1966 ??? ???? ???? ???????? ???????? ??????????? ???????????? (???) ??????. ???-1 ??? ??????????? ?????????? ??????? ?????? ??????????? ???????????. ????????? 1968 ??? ??????? ???-2 ??????????. ???, ??? ????? ???????? ????? ??????????????? , ???????? ?????????????? ???????????. ??? ????????? ??????? ??? ??????????????????????, ???????? ?????? 1972 ??? ????? ??? ??? ???????????.

?????????, ??????????????????? ?????????????? ?????????? ?????????? ???????? ??? ?????????? ????? ????????. ?????????, 1968 ??? ???????, 3 ??????? ??????? ????? ???????? ????? ?????????? ?????????? ????? ???????????????? ??????????? ???? ??????????. 1979 ??? ??????? ????????????????????? ?????????????? ?????? ????? ???????? ?????????? ?????? ????? ?????????? ?????????? (????????) ???? ????????????? ??????????????. ??????? ????? ????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????? ????????????, ????????? ????? ?????????? ???? ?? ???????????. ????????, ???????? ????????????????? ???????? ??????? ???????????????? ????????????, ??????? ????????? ????? ??????????????? ???????????????? ???????? ?????????? ???????? ?????????? ???????.

???? ????? [ ???? ]

??? ???????????? ???????????? ?????????, ???????? ??????? ??? ?????????? ???????? ?????????????? ????? ?????????????? ???? ??????? ???????????. 1970 ??? ???? ?????? ????????? ?????????????. ????? ???????????? ??????????? ????????? ?????????? ???????????????. ??????, ??????????? ???????? ????????? ?????????????????. ?????????, ??????????????? ????? ???? ?????????????? ???? ???????????. ??????? ??? ?????????????, ???????? ????????? ???? ???????????? ????? ????? ????? ??????????. ???????? ????????? ??? ?????????????? ??????? ????????? ?????????, ?????????????? ????????, ???????????? ???????? ??????? ????????????? ??????? ??????????? ????? ????? ???????????? ?????????? ???????? ???????? ?????????? ???????. ????? 1974 ??? ???????? ???????? ???????????? ?????????????? ?????? ???????? ?????????? ??????????????, ?????????, ????????????????? ?????????????????? ???? ?????????? ???????????????.

?????? ?????? ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????????? ????????????????? ??????????????????. ?? ?????????????, ????????? ????????????????? , ??????????????? ?????????? ????????? ??????????. ????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ????????? ????????????????????. ????? ???????? ??????????? ?????????? ???? ?????????? ???? ???????? ????????????? ???????????. ????????, ??????????? ??????? ???????????? ???????? ???????????? ????????????? ????? ??? ??????????.

??????? ?????? ???????????????? ??????????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ???? ?????????. ?????????????? ??????? ???? 3 ????????? ??????? 2.4 ?????????? ???????????????. ??? ???????? ??????? ????????? ??????????, ?????????????? ????? ???????? ???????? ??? ????????? ???????????? ??????? ???????. ?????????????? ?????? ??????????? ????????????? ??????? ?????????? ?????? 1.5 ??????? ?????????? ???????????? ????????? ?????????????. ???????? ?????? ??????????????? ?????????????? ???????? ???????? ?????????? (European Space Agency) ??????????????? ?????? ?????????????. ???????? ???????? ????? ??? ???????? ????? ?????????????????, ?????????????????? ??????? ??????? ?????????, ?????? ????????????? ???????????? ??????????? ???? ??????????? ?????????? ?????????? ??????????. ??????? ?????????? ???? ?????????? 15% ?????? ??????? ?????????? ??????? ????? ???? ??????????????. 1978 ??? ??????? ????????? 36,000,000 ???????? ???????? ??? ????????????? ??????????. ????????? 1983 ??? ??????????? ?????????? ???? ????????? ??????? ????????. 1983 ??? ??????? ??????????????, 20 ??? ???????????? ??????? ???????????????????? ??????, ?????? ???????????? ???????? ???????????? ??????? ??????? ?????????????? ??????????????.

???????????? ??????????? [ ???? ]

?????????? ???????????? ?????????????? ?????? ???????????, ??????? ?????? ??????? ??????????????? ?????????????????????. ???? ?????????? ??????????, ??????????, ??????? ???? ??????????? ??????? ?????????? ?????? ??????????? ????????????. ???????? ?????????? ?????? ????? , ???????? ???????? ???????? ?????????????????, ??????????? ?????? ????????????? ???????????? ???????????? ??????????????. ??????? ?????????? ?????? ?????, ???????????? ???????????? ??????????? ???? ??? ??????? ?????????? ?????????, ?????????-?????? ??????? ???????? ????????????? ????????? ?????????????. ?????????????? ???????????? ?????????? ??????????? ???????? ???????? ???????????????.

????? ???? ????? ??????????? [ ???? ]

????? ??????????? ??????? ????? ??????????? ??????? ???????? ????? ????????? (time machine) ?????????????. ??????????? ?????????????? ????????????? ???? ??? ?????????????? ??? ????? ???? ??? ????????? ???????? ??????. ??????? ????? ?????????? ???? ????? ????? ???? ???????????. ???? ?????? ????????? ????????? ????????? ???????????? ???????? ???? ??????? ?????? ???? ??????? ????? ?????????.

???? ?????????? [ ???? ]

"?????" ??????? ??????????.

??????????? [ ???? ]

HubbleSite , Hubble website for the public (operated by the Space Telescope Science Institute)
Hubble Heritage Project
NASA Hubble pages ????????????? 2012-02-09 at the ??????? ?????????
Spacetelescope , ESA's public Hubble pages
"A Brief History of the Hubble Space Telescope" ????????????? 2008-05-17 at the ??????? ????????? from the NASA History Office
Hubble data archive
The transition from Hubble to JWST PDF (182 KiB ) (August 2003 report)

????????? [ ???? ]

Amateur observations with Hubble , and a related press report
Hubble's current position , via Google Maps
Hubble Images slideshow ????????????? 2008-12-27 at the ??????? ?????????

↑ 2003 Estimate of Hubble re-entry . A planned reboost during SM4 ( Final Shuttle Mission to Hubble Similar to Previous Servicing Flights ) is expected to extend the telescope's life until around 2020.
↑ SYNPHOT User's Guide, version 5.0, Space Telescope Science Institute, page 27

[1] 2003 Estimate of Hubble re-entry . A planned reboost during SM4 ( Final Shuttle Mission to Hubble Similar to Previous Servicing Flights ) is expected to extend the telescope's life until around 2020.

[2] SYNPHOT User's Guide, version 5.0, Space Telescope Science Institute, page 27

[1]

[2]