????????? (???????)
|
---|
Deutsch
|
??????????
| [d??t?]
|
---|
????(???)
| ???????????????
,
?????????
,
???????????????
,
???????
(
Province of Bolzano-Bozen
)
????????????
,
???????????
,
??????????
,
???????????
|
---|
???????????
| German-speaking Europe
,
German diaspora
worldwide
|
---|
???? ????????? ???????????
| ????????: ????????? 105
?????????
[1]
[2]
??????????? ????????? ?????? ????: ??????? 80
?????????
[1]
(
date missing
)
|
---|
| |
---|
| ???????? ???????
(
??????????? ????
)
|
---|
?????? ????
|
---|
??? ?????? ????
| ?????????
?????????
Province of Bolzano-Bozen
,
???????
???????
????????????
???????????
???????????????
???????? ????????
(official and working language)
???? ???????:
Krahule
/Blaufuß
,
????????????
(Official municipal language)
[3]
???????
(National language; official language 1984?90)
[4]
???????
(Auxiliary language in 17 municipalities in
Opole Voivodeship
)
[5]
??????????? ????
(Administrative and commanding language of the
Swiss Guard
)
[6]
Recognised minority language in:
???? ????????
[7]
??????????
[8]
???????
[9]
???????
[10]
????????
[11]
????????????
,
[1]
[3]
???????
|
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Regulated by
| Rat fur deutsche Rechtschreibung
|
---|
?????? ???????????
|
---|
ISO 639-1
| de
|
---|
ISO 639-2
| ger
(B)
deu
(T)
|
---|
ISO 639-3
| Variously:
deu
—
New High German
gmh
—
Middle High German
goh
—
Old High German
gct
—
Aleman Coloniero
bar
—
Austro-Bavarian
cim
—
Cimbrian
geh
—
Hutterite German
ksh
—
Kolsch
nds
—
Low German
sli
—
Lower Silesian
ltz
—
Luxembourgish
vmf
—
Main-Franconian
mhn
—
Mocheno
pfl
—
Palatinate German
pdc
—
Pennsylvania German
pdt
—
Plautdietsch
swg
—
Swabian German
gsw
—
Swiss German
uln
—
Unserdeutsch
sxu
—
Upper Saxon
wae
—
Walser German
wep
—
Westphalian
|
---|
??????? ??????? ???????????? ????
??????? ??????? ?????????? ????
???????? ?????????? ???????
??????????????
|
????????? ????
(
???????
,
Deutsch - ????????
ⓘ
) 120 ????????? ???????? 38 ????????? ?????????? ???
????????
????????
?????? ??????? ?????????
???????????.
[12]
???????
,
?????????
,
???????????????
????? ????????? ?????????????. ???? ?? ??????? ?????-???????? ??????????????? ?????????????????.
[13]
?? ???????
????????
,
?????????????????????
, ??? ???????
????????
,
????????????????????
??????????????. ????????? ???????? ????? ???? ???????
???????????????? ????
,
?????
, ?????????,
????????
??????? ?????????????? ???????????.
?????????
????????
????????
?????? ????????????????. 26 ??????? ?????????????? ????, ????????? ?????? ???????????????? ????? ??????? ???????????????? (A/a, O/o, U/u) ??????? ß?????? ??????????????????.
???????? ?????????, ?????? ????????? ?????? ????????? ???? ?? ?????? ??????????? ???????????.
????????? ????
???????
,
?????????
,
?????????????
???? ????????? ?????????????????
???????????????
,
???????????
,
?????????
???? ????????? ??????????????? ?????? ????????? ?????????? ??????????????.
???????
,
??????????
,
???????
,
???????
,
???????
????? ?? ????????? ?????????? ??????? ????????????????. ??????? ????????????????? ??????? ?????????? ?????????????? ????????? ??????? ?????????????? ?????????????? ??????; ?????? ??????? ??????????? ?????????? ??????? ??????????????. ????????, ????? ??????? ????????????? ????????? ???? ???????? ???????? ??????. ?????? ??????? ??????????? (??????????? ?????) ??????? ????? ??????????? ??????.
[14]
[15]
????????????? ???????????? ??????? ????????????????? ????????? ?????????? ??????.
[16]
????????? ????????????
[
????
]
- a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, i, j, k, l, m, n, o, p, q, r, s, t, u, v, w, x, y, z
- A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J, K, L, M, N, O, P, Q, R, S, T, U, V, W, X, Y, Z
- a, o, u , ß = (ss)
- A, O, U
(????????? ???? ???????? ?????? ????????? ???????????? ??????????? ?????????.)
??????????? ????????? ????????????
??? ????????
???????????.
- a ? ?
- b ? ?? (
??????
????
bay
????? ??????????)
- c ? ?? (?????? ????
say
????? ??????????)
- d ? ?? (?????? ????
day
????? ??????????)
- e ? ?
- f ? ??? (?????? ??????? f ????? ??????????)
- g ? ?? (?????? ????
good
????? ??????????)
- h ? ??
- i ? ?
- j ? ????
- k ? ??
- l ? ???
- m ? ???
- n ? ???
- o ? ?
- p ? ??
- q ? ??
- r ? ???
- s ? ???
- t ? ?? (???????????? t?)
- u ? ?
- v ? ?? (???????????? f??)
- w ? ??
- x ? ?????
- y ? ?????????
- z ? ???? (?????? ????
set
????? ??????????)
- a ? ??? (????????????
eh
)
- o ? ???
- u ? ???
???????
|
???????????
|
IPA
|
?????????
|
Deutsch
|
/d???t?/
|
???????
|
Hallo
|
/?haloː/
|
???? ????? ????? ?????????????????.
|
Ich heiße Hans.
|
/??c ha??s? hans/
|
??? ????? ?????.
|
Mein Name ist Hans.
|
/ma??n nam? ??st hans/
|
?????? ???????????????
|
Wie geht es Ihnen?
(??????????)
|
/viː geːt es iːn?n/
|
?????? ??????????????
|
Wie geht es dir?
|
/viː geːt es iːn?n/
|
???? ???????
|
Guten Morgen
|
/?guːt?n ?m???g?n/
|
???? ???? ( ???? ???????)
|
Guten Tag
|
/?guːt?n taːk/
|
???? ???????
|
Guten Abend
|
/?guːt?n ?aːb?nt/
|
???? ???????
|
Gute Nacht
|
/?guːt? naχt/
|
???????? ???????????
|
Auf Wiedersehen
|
/?a??f ?viːd??zeːn/
|
??????????
|
Bitte
|
/?b?t?/
|
?????
|
Danke
|
/?daŋk?/
|
???
|
Das
|
/das/
|
????????
|
Wieviel?
|
/vi fiːl/
|
???
|
Ja
|
/jaː/
|
?????
|
Nein
|
/na??n/
|
??????????, ?????? ??? ????????
|
Ich mochte das, bitte
|
/??c mœct? das ?b?t?/
|
?????? ????? ???????????
|
Wo ist die Toilette?
|
/voː ??st diː toa??l?t?/
|
??????? ???????? ????????????
|
Sprechen Sie Englisch?
|
/??pr?c?n ziː ???ŋl??/
|
???????? ???????????
|
Ich verstehe nicht
|
/??c f???teː? n?ct/
|
????????????
|
Entschuldigung
|
/??nt???ld?g?ŋ/
|
???????? ???????????
|
Ich weiß nicht
|
/??c va??s n?ct/
|
- ja
? ????? ? ??
- nein
? ????? ? ????
- danke
? ????? ? ?????
- vielen Dank
? ????? ????? ? ?????? ??????
- bitte schon
? ????? ? ????? ????
- bitte
? ?????????? ? ?????
- entschuldigen Sie
? ?????????????????? ? ???????????? ??
- guten Tag
? ??????? ? ????? ????
- auf wiedersehen
- ???????? ??????????? ? ???? ???????????
- tschuss
? ???? ??????????? ? ????
- guten Morgen
? ???? ??????? ? ????? ???????
- gute Nacht
? ???? ??????? ? ?????? ??????
????????? ????????
[
????
]
????????? ???????? ??????? ??????????. ????????? ???????? ??????? ????, ????,????? ???????????? ???????? ??????; ??????????? ???, ????, ?????? ?? ?????? ?????????? ????????????????????. ??? ???????????????????? ?? ??????? ?????????.
????????? ???????????? ???? ?????? ?????????? ??????? ???????, ???????????? ?????? ??? ?????? ???????????? ?????????.
???????? ????
der
,
die
,
das
???? ??????
Artikels
? ????????????? ?????? ???????????????. ???????? ???????? Artikels ??? ???????????? ????????????? ??????????. ??????? ????????????? Artikel ???????????? ????????????? ??????, ?????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ????? ?????????.
????????? ???? ?????????? ???????
[
????
]
??????????? ????????????????
?????????????
?????????????? ????? ????????
?????? ?????????
,
????
,
??????????
,
??????????? ????????
,
????????
,
???????????
,
??????
,
???????
,
????
,
????
,
??????????
,
????????
,
[17]
????????????????
???????
???????????????
????????? ???? ???????????????. ??????????? ????????? ??????????? ????????? ????? ??????????? ????????? ??????????? ???????????.
????????????? ?????? ????????? ?????? ?????????? ?????? ???????????? ????????:
????
|
????????? ???? ???????? ???? (????????????? ??????)
[18]
|
US
|
5,000,000
|
Canada
|
450,000
|
Brazil
|
1,400,000
|
Argentina
|
250,000
|
Mexico
|
200,000
|
Australia
|
110,000
|
South Africa
|
75,000 (????????? ???????? ??????????????????? ???????)
[18]
|
Chile
|
50,000
|
Paraguay
|
30,000
|
New Zealand
|
37,500
|
Namibia
|
30,000 (????????? ???????? ??????????????????? ???????)
[18]
|
Jordan
|
50,000
|
Venezuela
|
10,000
|
?????????
[
????
]
??????????
?????? ????????? ???? ????????? ????????????? ??????????????????????. ????????????? ??????????????? ??????????????
??????? ???? ???? ??????????
,
????????? ???? ????????
?????????? ?????????????.
??????????? ?? ??????????
????????????????
???????????? ??????? ???????? ??????. 19??? ????????????
????? ???????? ??????
???????? ????????? ??????? ?????? ?????????? ?????????????.
?????????????
?????
??????????? ??????????? ???????????????. ???? ?????? "???? ?????????" ???????? ???????????? ???????? ?????????????????. ??????,
??????
,
???????
, ??????????, ?????????,
????????
, ??????, ?????? ??????? ?????????? ??????????? ??????????? ???????????????? ???????. ??????????? ??????????? ?????????
???????????????? ????? ?????
????????????: ???????, ????????? ?????????? ????????, ????? ???? ?????, ?????????? ?????????, ?????? ?????????????,
????? ????
,
?????? ??????
,
??????? ????
, ????, ???????,
??????? ??????
, ????????? ???????? ???????
???????? ???????
.
?????? ?????
[
????
]
???????????
[
????
]
???? ??????????
[
????
]