Rembrandt Harmenszoon van Rijn
(
Dutch:
[?r?mbr?nt ???rm?(n)soːn v?n ?r?in]
(
listen
)
; 15 Julie 1606
[1]
? 4 October 1669) wis a
Dutch
penter an
etcher
. An innovative an proleefic
master
in three
media
, he is generally conseedert ane o the greatest
veesual airtists
in the
history o airt
an the maist important in Dutch airt history.
[2]
Unlik maist
Dutch masters
o the 17t century,
Rembrandt's warks
depict a wide range o style an subject maiter, frae
portraits
an sel-portraits tae laundscapes, genre scenes, allegorical an historical scenes, biblical an meethological themes as weel as ainimal studies. His contreibutions tae airt came in a period o great walth an cultural achievement that historians cry the
Dutch Gowden Age
, whan
Dutch airt
(especially
Dutch pentin
), awtho in mony weys antithetical tae the
Baroque style
that dominatit Europe, wis extremely proleefic an innovative, an gae rise tae important new genres. Lik mony airtists o the Dutch Gowden Age, sic as
Jan Vermeer
o Delft, Rembrandt wis an aw an avid
airt collector
an
dealer
.
Rembrandt niver went abraid, but he wis conseederably influenced bi the wark o the
Italian masters
an
Netherlandish airtists
that haed studied in Italy, lik
Pieter Lastman
, the
Utrecht Caravaggists
, an
Flemish Baroque
Peter Paul Rubens
. Haein achieved youthfu success as a portrait penter, Rembrandt's later years war merkit bi personal tragedy an financial haurdships. Yet his etchins an pentins war popular ootthrou his lifetime, his reputation as an airtist remeened heich,
[3]
an for twenty years he taucht mony important Dutch penters.
[4]
Rembrandt's portraits o his contemporaries, sel-portraits an illustrations o scenes frae the Bible are regairdit as his greatest creautive triumphs.
His sel-portraits
form a unique an intimate biografie, in that the airtist surveyed himsel withoot vanity an wi the utmaist sincerity.
[2]
Rembrandt's foremaist contreibution in the history o prentmakkin wis his transformation o the etchin process frae a relatively new reproductive technique intae a true
airt form
, alang wi
Jacques Callot
. His reputation as the greatest
etcher
in the history o the medium wis established in his lifetime an niver quaistened syne. Few o
his pentins
left the
Dutch Republic
whilst he leeved, but his
prents
war circulatit ootthrou Europe, an his wider reputation wis ineetially based on them alane.
In his warks he exhibitit knawledge o clessical
iconografie
, that he mauldit tae fit the requirements o his awn experience; sicweys, the depiction o a biblical scene wis informed bi Rembrandt's knawledge o the speceefic text, his assimilation o clessical composeetion, an his observations o
Amsterdam
's
Jewish population
.
[5]
Acause o his empathy for the human condeetion, he haes been cried "ane o the great prophets o ceevilisation".
[6]
The French sculptor
Auguste Rodin
said, "Compare me wi Rembrandt! Whit sacrilege! Wi Rembrandt, the colossus o Airt! We shoud prostrate oorsels afore Rembrandt an niver compare pnyane wi him!"
[7]
Francisco Goya
, eften conseedert tae be amang the last o the
Auld Masters
, said "A hae haed three masters: Naitur,
Velazquez
, an Rembrandt."
[8]
Vincent van Gogh
wrote, "Rembrandt gaes sae deep intae the mysterious that he says things for that thare are na wirds in ony leid. It is wi juistice that thay cry Rembrandt?magician?that's na easy thrift."
[9]
The
impressionist
Max Liebermann
said: "Whaniver I see a
Frans Hals
, A feel lik pentin; whaniver A see a Rembrandt, A feel lik giein up"
[10]
.
- ↑
a
b
Or possibly 1607 as on 10 Juin 1634 he himself claimed tae be 26 year auld. See
Is the Rembrandt Year being celebrated one year too soon? One year too late?
an
(in Dutch)
J. de Jong,
Rembrandts geboortejaar een jaar te vroeg gevierd
for soorces anent Rembrandts birth year, especially supportin 1607. However maist soorces continue tae uise 1606.
- ↑
a
b
Gombrich, p. 420.
- ↑
Gombrich, p. 427.
- ↑
Clark 1969
, pp. 203
- ↑
Clark 1969
, pp. 203?204
- ↑
Clark 1969
, pp. 205
- ↑
Rodin, Auguste
:
Art: Conversations with Paul Gsell
. (University of California Press, 1984,
ISBN
0520038193
), p. 85 [Translated by Jacques de Caso and Patricia B. Sanders]. Originally published as
L'Art: Entretiens reunis par Paul Gsell
. (Paris:
Bernard Grasset
, 1911)
- ↑
Protter, Eric:
Painters on Painting
. (Dover Publications, 1971,
ISBN
0486299414
), p. 98
- ↑
Wessels, Anton:
Van Gogh and the Art of Living: The Gospel According to Vincent van Gogh
. (Wipf & Stock, 2013,
ISBN
9781625641090
)
- ↑
Molina Corton, Juan (2014).
Danae - Mito, poder y erotismo en la pintura occidental
(in Spanish). Madrid, Spain: Cultiva Libros. pp. Chap. IX.
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