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???? ????? ?? ???? ?? ??? ?? ???? ???? ???? ?? ??????? ????? ? ??????? ????? ?????? ?? ??????? ?? ????? ???? ????? ??? ??????? ?? ????? ???????? ?? ?? ????????? ?????? ????? ???. ??? ??? ?? ????? ??? ?? ? ???? ????? ? ?? ???? ?? ?? ?? ???????? ???? ??????? ? ??? ?????? ????? ?? ??????? ????  ??????? ???? ?? ?????? ? ???????? ?? ???? ??? ??? ????? ??. ? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ??? ?? ? ??? ?? ??? ?? ????? ???? ??????? ??? ?? ?? ???? ???? ?? ???? ????? ??? ????? ???? ?? ?? ??? ? ?????? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ?. ? ??? ?????? ??? ? ??? ? ????? ????? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ?? ????? ??? ?? ? ???? ?? ???? ? ?????? ? ????? ?????? (PLO) ?? ??? ?? ??? ?????? ??? ??. ?? ?????? ?????? ? ???? ????? ? ???? ???????? ????? ?????? ?? ?? ?? ???? ????? ?? ?? ???? ?????. [??]

? ????? ??? ??? ????? ???? ? ?????? ?? ???????? ????? ???? ????? ????? ??? ?? ??????? ?? ???? ?? ??????? ???? ?? ?? ??? ?? ?? ? ??? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????? ??? ?? ? ?????? ? ????? ?????? (PLO) ??? ?????? ?? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ??????? ??? ?? ?? ???? ?? ?? ??? ???? ?? ? ?????? ??? ?????????? ??? ? ??????? ?? ?? ? ???? ?? ??? ?? ?? ? ????? ?? ???? ?? ?? ? ????? ???? ?? ?? ?? ????? ?? ????? ???? ?? ?? ???? ?? ? ????????? ??? ??? ?? ????? ??? ?? ? ???? ?? ?????? ????? ???? ??? ?? ???? ??? ?? ? ???? ?? ??? ? PLO ???? ? ?? ???? ??? ?? ???? ??????? ??????? ? ????? ???? ?? ??? ??? ????? ?? ??? ? ???????? "Fatahland" ?? ???? ???? ???? ??????. [??]

? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ?????? ? ????? ???????? ????? ? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ?? ?? ??? ???? ??? ??? ?? ?? ?? ???? ? ?????? ??? ?????? ??????? ?? ? ???????? ? ????? ??????? ?? ??? ??????????? ?? ????? ???? ??? ?? ?? ?? ???? ?? ????? ??? ???? ?? ???? ??? ?? ?? ????? ?? ?? ???? ??? ????? ???? ???. ??? ??? ?? ????? ??? ?? ? ???????? ????? ???? ????? ?? ??? ?? ? ???????? ????????? ?? ?????? ? ???? ??? ??? ?? ?? ?? ??? ??????? ?? ? ??? ???? ????? ?? ???? ???? ? ????? ??? ????? ?? ?? ??? ??? ?? ≪??? ?? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ????≫ ?? ????? ??????? ? ???? ????? ? ??? ?????? ?? ?? ???? ??? ?????? ??????? ?? ??????? ????????? ??? ?? ??????? ? ??? ?????? ? ??????? ???? ?? ???? ???? ??? ?? ??????? ? ??? ????? ????? ????? ???? ?? ? ??? ?? ????? ?? ???? ??? ?? ? ???? ?? ???? ?? ???? ????????. [??] [??] [??]

?? ????? ??? ?? ? ???? ??? ? ?????? ?? ???????? ????? ?? ?? ???? ?????? ?????. ????? ??? ? ?????? ?? ???????? ????? ?? ? ???? ??? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ???????? ???? ?? ???? ???? ? ???????? ??  ?????? ??????? ??????? ?? ???? ?? ???? ?? ??????? ???????? ?? ??? ??? ?? ?? ???????? ?? ?? ??? ????? ???? ? ???????? ? ???? ?? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ? ???? ??? ? ???????? ?? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ??. ??? ??? ?? ????? ??? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ?? ? ??? ?? ???? ?? ??? ? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ? ??? ? ???? ???? ???? ???? ? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ?? ??????. [??] [??]

? ????? ??? ?? ??????? ???? ? ???????? ?? ???? ????? ??????????? ??? ???? ???? ?? ??? ?? ??????? ?? ??? ?? ? (Cast Lead) ?? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ?? ?? ????? ?? ?? ?? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ? ????????? ????? ???? ??? ?? ??? ?? ? ????? ??? ? ?????? ?? ? ????? ???????? ????? ?? ??????? ??? ????????? ? ?????? ???? ?????? ??? ?? ?? ?? ? ??????????? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ?????. ????? ????. ??? ??? ?? ??? ????? ?? ? ???? ?? ?????? ????? ??? ??? ?? ?? ??????? ? ????? ??????? ?? ? ??????? ????? ??????? ????? ????. [??]

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  1. ↑ "A History of Conflict: Introduction" . A History of Conflict . BBC News . ?????? |CitationClass= ?? ?????? ( ?????? )
  2. ↑ Eran, Oded. "Arab-Israel Peacemaking." The Continuum Political Encyclopedia of the Middle East . Ed. Avraham Sela . New York: Continuum, 2002, p. 121.
  3. ↑ Chris Rice Archived 6 February 2016 at the Wayback Machine ., quoted in Munayer Salim J, Loden Lisa, Through My Enemy's Eyes: Envisioning Reconciliation in Israel-Palestine , quote: "The Palestinian-Israeli divide may be the most intractable conflict of our time."
  4. ↑ Virginia Page Fortna Archived 31 January 2016 at the Wayback Machine ., Peace Time: Cease-fire Agreements and the Durability of Peace , page 67, "Britain's contradictory promises to Arabs and Jews during World War I sowed the seeds of what would become the international community's most intractable conflict later in the century."
  5. ↑ Lua error in Module:Lang at line 48: attempt to index field 'lang_name' (a nil value).
  6. ↑ "The Roots of the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict: 1882?1914" . ?????? |CitationClass= ?? ?????? ( ?????? )
  7. ↑ The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica (26 October 2020). " Balfour Declaration | History & Impact | Britannica ". Encyclopædia Britannica . Chicago: Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. .  
  8. ↑ "Canadian Policy on Key Issues in the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict" . Government of Canada . ? ???? ????? ??? ?? ?? ?????? ???? ????? . ? ??????????? ?? ???? ???? . ?????? |CitationClass= ?? ?????? ( ?????? )
  9. ↑ "Movement and Access Restrictions in the West Bank: Uncertainty and Inefficiency in the Palestinian Economy" (PDF) . World Bank . 9 May 2007. ? ???? (PDF) ????? ??? ?? ?? ????? ???? ????? . ? ??????????? ?? ???? ???? . Currently, freedom of movement and access for Palestinians within the West Bank is the exception rather than the norm contrary to the commitments undertaken in a number of Agreements between GOI and the PA. In particular, both the Oslo Accords and the Road Map were based on the principle that normal Palestinian economic and social life would be unimpeded by restrictions ?????? |CitationClass= ?? ?????? ( ?????? )
  10. ↑ Lua error in Module:Lang at line 48: attempt to index field 'lang_name' (a nil value).
  11. ↑ Lua error in Module:Lang at line 48: attempt to index field 'lang_name' (a nil value).
  12. ↑ Dershowitz, Alan . The Case for Peace: How the Arab?Israeli Conflict Can Be Resolved . Hoboken: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2005
  13. ↑ Kurtzer, Daniel; Lasensky, Scott; Organization (2008). Negotiating Arab-Israeli Peace: American Leadership in the Middle East . United States Institute of Peace Press. ? ???? ????  79 . ? ???? ??????? ??? ?????   978-1601270306 . ?????? |CitationClass= ?? ?????? ( ?????? )
  14. ↑ Dr. William Cubbison (2018). "Two States for Two People? A Long Decline in Support" . The Israel Democracy Institute . ?????? |CitationClass= ?? ?????? ( ?????? )
  15. ↑ Lua error in Module:Lang at line 48: attempt to index field 'lang_name' (a nil value).
  16. ↑ Lua error in Module:Lang at line 48: attempt to index field 'lang_name' (a nil value).
  17. ↑ Dr. William Cubbison (2018). "Two States for Two People? A Long Decline in Support" . The Israel Democracy Institute . ?????? |CitationClass= ?? ?????? ( ?????? )
  18. ↑ Lua error in Module:Lang at line 48: attempt to index field 'lang_name' (a nil value).
  19. ↑ Prof. Tamar Hermann, Prof. Ephraim Yaar (2018). "Is the Two-State Solution Still Relevant?" . The Israel Democracy Institute . ?????? |CitationClass= ?? ?????? ( ?????? )
  20. ↑ Yaar & Hermann 2007 : "The source of the Jewish public's skepticism ? and even pessimism ? is apparently the widespread belief that a peace agreement based on the 'two states for two peoples' formula would not lead the Palestinians to end their conflict with Israel."
  21. ↑ . Young Palestinians in Gaza cannot find work and cannot leave .
  22. ↑ . What does the Middle East offer America? .
  23. ↑ (?? 20 June 2022 ?????) . Bennett announces coalition's demise, new elections: 'We did our utmost to continue' . The Times of Israel .
  24. ↑ Baum, Noa. "Historical Time Line for Israel/Palestine." Archived 19 December 2013 at the Wayback Machine . UMass Amherst. 5 April 2005. 14 March 2013.
  25. ↑ "History of the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict" (PDF) . PBS. December 2001. ? ???? (PDF) ????? ??? ?? ?? ?????? ???? ????? . ? ??????????? ?? ???? ???? . ?????? |CitationClass= ?? ?????? ( ?????? )
  26. ↑ Baum, Noa. "Historical Time Line for Israel/Palestine." Archived 19 December 2013 at the Wayback Machine . UMass Amherst. 5 April 2005. 14 March 2013.
  27. ↑ Sela 2002 , "Arab-Israel Conflict"
  28. ↑ (?? 6 January 2009 ?????) . Is Gaza 'occupied' territory? . CNN
  29. ↑ "Israel/Occupied Palestinian Territories: The conflict in Gaza: A briefing on applicable law, investigations and accountability" . Amnesty International . 2009-01-19 . ? ??????????? ?? ??? ???? . ?????? |CitationClass= ?? ?????? ( ?????? )
  30. ↑ Lua error in Module:Lang at line 48: attempt to index field 'lang_name' (a nil value).
  31. ↑ Oren, Michael B. (2007). Power, Faith, and Fantasy: America in the Middle East, 1776 to the Present . W.W. Norton & Company. ? ???? ????  607 . ? ???? ??????? ??? ?????   978-0393058260 . ?????? |CitationClass= ?? ?????? ( ?????? )
  32. ↑ (?? 2006-02-18 ?????) . Hamas Leader Faults Israeli Sanction Plan . The New York Times .
  33. ↑ "Operation Cast Lead ? Gaza Facts" . Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs. ? ???? ????? ??? ?? ?? ????? ???? ????? . ? ??????????? ?? ???? ???? . ?????? |CitationClass= ?? ?????? ( ?????? )
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