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???????? ?????????? Република България
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????????? ???:  Mila Rodino "Dear Motherland"
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???????	Sofia  ( София )
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???????? ???????	Bulgarian
?????? ??????? (????)	??.?% Bulgarians ?.?% Turks ?.?% Roma ?.?% others
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?????	Parliamentary democracy
?  ??????????	Rumen Radev
?  Prime Minister	Boyko Borisov
Formation
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?  Liberation from Ottoman rule	? ???? ????
?  Declaration of Independence	?? ?????????? ????
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?????????? / b ? l ? ? ??r i ? /  ( ?????????? ) ( ???????????? : България , IPA:  [b?????arij?] ), ???????? ??? ???????? ?????????? ???????????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?? ?

???????? B?lgariya, ??????? [r?publik? b???arij?]), ???????????? ????? ?? ?? ??????? ??? ?? ?????? ??????, ????? ? ????? ???? ?????, ??????? ? ???????????? ???? ???????? ?????? ???? ?, ? ????? ???? ????? 110.994 ???? ???????? (42,855 ???? ???) ?? ?? ??????? ???, ?????????? ??????? 16 ??-??? ????? ???? ??????? ???

Organised ????????????? ?????????? ?? Neolithic ?????? ??????? ???????????? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ???? ??????? ?????? Thracians, ?????? ? ???? ???????? ????? ?????? ???????????? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ???????? ? ???? ??? ????? Slavs ???? ?? ?????????? ?? ????? functioned ?? 681 ? ?? ????? ???????????? ??????????? ???????, ????? 1396 ?? ?????? ???????????? ??????????? ??? ???, ???? ???????????? ???? ???? ?????????????? ????? ???? ???????? ??? 1877-78 ?? Russo-????? ????? ?????? ???????????? ????? ?? ??? ???? ????? ???? ???? ??????, ???? ????? ????? ?? ????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????? ????? ???? ?????? ????? 1946 ?? ?? ??????-??????? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ??-?????? ???????? ????? ???? ???????? 1989 ?? ???? ?????????? ?????? ???-?????? ?????, ??? ?? ????????? ? ?? ???? ?????? ???????????? ?? ?????????? ????? ??????? ???? ??????? ?? ????????

7.4 ??? ?????? ?? ?????????? ????????? predominantly urbanized ? ????? ??? ???? 28 ??????? ????????? ??????? ?? ???????? ?? ???????? ?????????? ? ?????????? ?????????? ??????? ? ??? ????? ???? ???, ?????? ????????? ???? ???????????? ?? ????? ?????????? ??? ?? ??????? ????????? ???????? ?? ???? ??????, ????? ????????????, ? ????, ????

????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ??????????, ???????? ????????? ? ?????? centralization ?? ?? ???? ????????? ?? ??????? ?????? ???????? ?? 1991. ?? ?? ???????????? ??????? ?? ??? ????? ?? ???????? ????, ????, ? ????? ?? ????? ?????; ????? ?? ??????? ? ??-??????? ???? ?????? (OSCE) ?? ?? ???????? ?????; ? ??????? ??????? ??????? ????? ??? ??? ?? ??? ?????? ??

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?? ???????: Neolithic ?????, Odrysian ?????, Thracians, ? Slavs

?????? ?????????? ?? ??????? ???? ??????? ?????? Paleolithic ???? ????? ??? ????? Kozarnika ??????? ??????? ?????????? incised ??? ????? ??????????? ?? ??????????? ??????? ?? ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ?????????? [6] ???????????? ??????? Organised ????????????? ?????? ??? Neolithic Hamangia ???????? ??????, [7] Vin?a ???????? [8] ? eneolithic ????? ???????? (?????? ?????????? ?.??.)? ??????????? ??? ??? ? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ?? [9] [10] ?? ????? ??? smelters ???? ??????, ?????? ? ????? Necropolis ?? ?? ?????, ??????? ???????? ?????? 6,000 ???? ?? ?? ???????? ??????? ???????? [11] ?? ???? ??? ??????????? ?? ?????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ???? ??????? ??? ???? ?????? ?????? [12] [13]

Thracians, ?????? Bulgarians ??? ???????? ????? ?????? ??, [14] ???? ??? ???? ????????? ???? ????? [15] ??? 6 ??????? ?.??. ??, Persians ??????? ????? ???????? ?????? ??????????? [16] [ 17] [18] ? 479 ?.??. ???? ????? [18] ?? Persians ???? ?????? ???, [18] ?? Thracian ???????? ??? Odrysian ??????? ???? ???????? ???? 470S ?.??. ???????? ??, [19] [20] [21] ?? ??? ??????????? ????? ?????? ? 46 ? ?? ???? ?????? subjugated ???? 5 ?? ????????? ???? ??????????? ?????? ??? ??????? Byzantine ??????????? ???? ?? ??? ????, ?????????? ????? ?? ????????? ??????? ????? Nicopolis ???????? Istrum ???? ???? ????? ?????? ?? 4th ????????? ????? Germanic ???? ?????? ???????, ?? Wulfila ?????? [22] [23] ????? ?? ????? ????? ??????? ????????? ???????????? ????? Athanasius ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ??????? ???? ????? [24 ] 6 ??????? ???? ???????? easternmost ?????? Slavs, ??????? ?? ??? ??? Hellenised ?? Romanised Thracians assimilating? [25] [26]

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80 Bulgar ??? [14] ???????? Asparukh ?? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ? Pliska ?? ????? ??????? ???????, ????? ??????? ? ?????? ??? ????????? ?????? ??? [27] [28] 681 ?? ?????????????? ?? ?????? ????? ????? ??????? ????? ???????????? ????????? ?? ???????? ?? Bulgars ???????? ??????? ????? ??????? ????????? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ???, ??????? ???????????? ???????? [29]

??? ??????? 8 ?? ? 9 ?????????? ?? ???????????? ????? ????? ?????? Krum ????? ?????, Pliska ????? ?????? Byzantine ?????? Nicephorus ?, [30] ?????? ? ?????????? ????? ????? ??? ????? Paganism 864. ?? ????? ? ???????? ?????? ????????? ?????????? ?????? ??????? ???? ?? ????????? ????? ???????????? ???? [31] ? Preslav ?? ????? ?? ??????? ???????? ?? ??? ?? ?? Byzantine ?????? ???? ??? ???? [32] ????????? ???????? ????? ? ????? ??? ????????? ?? Slavs ? Bulgars ?????? ?????? ??? [33] [34] ?? ??? ?????????? ????? ???? ????? ????? ??? ????? ?? ??? ????? ???? ????????? ??????? ????? ????? ?? 34 ???? ???? ????? ????? [35]

Magyars ? Pechenegs ? ????? ?????? ??? ?????????? heresy ????? ???? Bogomil ?????????? ?????? [36] [37] ?????? ?? '? Byzantine invasions ?? 971. [38] Samuil ???????? Byzantine ?????? ??????? Preslav ?? ???? ?????? , ?????????? ????????, ?? ????????? ????? [39] ?? ?? ?????? ?????? Byzantine ?????? ????? ??????? 1014. ?? Klyuch ?? ???????????? ???? ?????? ????? Samuil ??????? ??? ?????? ??????, [40] ? 1018 ?????? Byzantines ????? ???????????? ????????? ?????? ???? ???? ? [41]

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?????????? ?? ???? ???, ????? ??????? ??? ??????? ???? ?? ???? retaining ?????? ? ?????????? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ????, ????? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???? ?????? revolts ? ?????? ??????? [42] ???? ???? autocephalous ?????? ? ???? ??? dioceses ?????? ???? ???????????? Patriarchate ??????, ?? ?? archbishopric ????? ??? [42] [43] ????? ?????? Byzantine ????? ???? ???????? ? ???? rebellions ?? ?? ??????? ????? ???? ??? ???, ??? ????? ???? ???????? ?????? Delyan ??????? ? 1185 Asen ?????? ?? ????????? ???? Asen ? ? ?????? ?????? ?? ???????????? ????? ?? ??? ??????? ?????? ?? ?? ?????? ??????? ??????? ???? Asen ? ?????? ??????? ????? Tarnovo??? ?????? ???????????? ??????????? ????? ????? [44]

?????? Tarnovo, ?????? ????????? ?? ??????? ?? Tsarevets ?? ?????????

Kaloyan, ?? Asen Monarchs ?? ??????, ???????? ? Ohrid ????? Dominion ???????? ?????? ????? ?????????? ?????????? ??????? ? ?? ??? legate ???? ?? ???? ????? ???????? [45] ?????????, ???? Asen ??????? ???????? ????? ????? (1218-1241) ?????? ??????? ? ???????? ?????? ?????? [45] ????? ?????? ? ??????? Tarnovo ?? ?????? ?? ?? "?????? ???" ????? ????? ?? ????? Constantinople ?? ??????? [46]

????? ????? ? ?????? ???? ??????? ??????, ????? Byzantine ? ??????? ?????? ? Mongol ???? ?????, ?? Asen ?????? 1257 ?? ?????? ??? ??????? [45] [47] 14 ?? ????????? ???? ????, feudal ????? ? ??? factional ???????? Bogomilism ?? ?????? ?????? ???????????? ????????? ??? tsardoms-Vidin, Tarnovo ? Karvuna-?, ???????? ???? ?????? Byzantines, Hungarians, Serbs, Venetians ? Genoese ??? ???? ????-????????? ????????? ??????? ???? ????? ??? 14 ?? ??????? ?????? ????? ????? ?????????? ????? ???? ???? ????? ??? ? ?????? ?????????? ?????? ???????? ??? ? fortresses ????? ???? [45]

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