?????????? ???????????? ?????? ?????

???????? ??????

https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number

????????? ??????????? ?????? ????? ???.

??????? [ ????????? ]

??????????? ?????? ?????????? (SBN) ?????? ???? ???????? ???? ????????? ?????????? ???????? ?????????? ????????? ?????????? ??????? ?????? ?????????. ^[1] ??? ?????? ???????????? ??????????? 1965? ??????????????????. ^[2]

1967? ?????? ?????????? ??????????????????, ???????? ???????? ????????. ^[3] (???????????? e "??????????? ??????" ????????????.

^[4]) and in 1968 in the US by Emery Koltay ^[3]

(??????? ???????? ??.???. ???????? ????????? ??????????. ^[4]^[5]^[6] ??????? ???????? ?????????????? 1970? ISO????, ISO2108 ???.

^[2]^[3]

????????? ???????????? 1974 ??? 9 ???? ???????? ??????? ????????????????. ???? ?????? ????????????????????? ?????????? ????? ?????????????????. ???????? ???????? ????????????? ????? ?????????????????? ????????? ????????? 46, ?? ????????? 9 TC 46/SC 9???? . 1978 ??????? ??- ??? ??????? ????????????????. ^[7] ???????????? ?????? ? ??????? ???????? ??? ??????. ???????????? 1965? ?????? ??????????????? ???????? ??.??. ???? ???? ?????? ??????????? ??????? "SBN 340 01381 8" ???. 340 ????????? ??????????? , 01381 ?????? ???? ?????, 8 ???? ??????? ????????.????? 0-340-01381-8???? ???????? ????????????.

2007 ?????? 1 ???? 13 ???? ???????? ???. ??? ?????? ?????? ???????? ??????????? ????? |EAN]]-13s ???? ?????????????????? ^[8]

?????????? [ ????????? ]

↑ Foster, Gordon (1966). "INTERNATIONAL STANDARD BOOK NUMBERING (ISBN) SYSTEM original 1966 report" . informaticsdevelopmentinstitute.net . Archived from the original on 30 April 2011 . Retrieved 20 April 2014 .
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 "ISBN History" . isbn.org . 20 April 2014. Archived from the original on 2014-04-20 . Retrieved 20 April 2014 .
↑ ^3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 Manwal ghall-Utenti tal-ISBN (PDF) (in Maltese) (6th ed.). Malta : Kunsill Nazzjonali tal-Ktieb. 2016. p. 5. ISBN 978-99957-889-4-0 . Archived from the original (PDF) on 17 August 2016. {{ cite book }}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language ( link )
↑ ^4.0 ^4.1 Information Standards Quarterly (PDF) , vol. 8, ISO, July 1996, p. 12, archived from the original (PDF) on 2014-08-04 , retrieved 2017-04-14
↑ US ISBN Agency. "Bowker.com ? Products" . Commerce.bowker.com. Archived from the original on 2003-12-19 . Retrieved 2015-06-11 .
↑ Gregory, Daniel. "ISBN" . PrintRS. Archived from the original on 2016-05-16 . Retrieved 2015-06-11 .
↑ ISO 2108:1978 (PDF) , ISO
↑ TC 46/SC 9, Frequently Asked Questions about the new ISBN standard from ISO , CA: LAC?BAC, archived from the original on 2007-06-10 , retrieved 2017-04-14 {{ citation }}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list ( link )

[From_Archive.org-4646971-1] Foster, Gordon (1966). "INTERNATIONAL STANDARD BOOK NUMBERING (ISBN) SYSTEM original 1966 report" . informaticsdevelopmentinstitute.net . Archived from the original on 30 April 2011 . Retrieved 20 April 2014 .

[history2-2] 2.0 ^2.1 "ISBN History" . isbn.org . 20 April 2014. Archived from the original on 2014-04-20 . Retrieved 20 April 2014 .

[ktieb-3] 3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 Manwal ghall-Utenti tal-ISBN (PDF) (in Maltese) (6th ed.). Malta : Kunsill Nazzjonali tal-Ktieb. 2016. p. 5. ISBN 978-99957-889-4-0 . Archived from the original (PDF) on 17 August 2016. {{ cite book }}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language ( link )

[niso.org-4] 4.0 ^4.1 Information Standards Quarterly (PDF) , vol. 8, ISO, July 1996, p. 12, archived from the original (PDF) on 2014-08-04 , retrieved 2017-04-14

[5] US ISBN Agency. "Bowker.com ? Products" . Commerce.bowker.com. Archived from the original on 2003-12-19 . Retrieved 2015-06-11 .

[6] Gregory, Daniel. "ISBN" . PrintRS. Archived from the original on 2016-05-16 . Retrieved 2015-06-11 .

[7] ISO 2108:1978 (PDF) , ISO

[8] TC 46/SC 9, Frequently Asked Questions about the new ISBN standard from ISO , CA: LAC?BAC, archived from the original on 2007-06-10 , retrieved 2017-04-14 {{ citation }}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list ( link )

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