??????

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??????? ??? ??????? ; ??????? ????? ??????? ; ??-????????? ??-?????? ??-???????
????	??? ?????
	??????????: Homat el Diyar ; ???? ?? ????
	????????: ??????
??????? ; ?? ???? ???? ???	?????? ; 33°30′N 36°18′E / 33.500°N 36.300°E
???????(??)	????
??????	???????
?????	????????? ??????? ??????? ????? ?? ??????? 1963 ??
?????????? ?????? ??
?????????
????????
??? ????? ?????? ( ?????? )	2007 ?????????
??? ????? ?????? (????????)	2007 ?????????
???? ????? ??????? (2013)	0.658 ; ????? · 118???
??????	?????? ????? (SYP)
??? ?????	EET ( ????????? +2)
?????? ???	963
??????? ??????	.sy
1.	The Franco-Syrian Treaty of Independence (1936) , not ratified by France.

?????? ( ???? : ?????? ‎ S?rriya or S?rya ), ???????? ??? ?? ??????? ??? ??????? (????: ????????? ??????? ??????? ), ??????-?????? ????? ?? ?? ??????? ??? ???? ?????? ??? ?????? ??? ?????????? , ??????-?????? ??? ?????? , ?????? ??? ?????? , ???? ??? ????? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ??? ?????? ??? ????? ?? ??? ????? ???? ?? ???? ?? ????-????? ?? ?? ?????????? ??? ??? ???? ??????? ??????? ?? ?? ?????? ???????? ??? ?????? ????????? ?? ??????? ?? ???? ???

?????? 1946 ??? ?????? ?? ????????? ????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ???? ??? ??? ?????? ?? ???????? ??? ??? 1963 ?? ???? ??????? ???? ?? ????? ???? 1970 ?? ??? ?? ???? ?? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ????

??? [ ??????? ???? ]

?????? ??? ??????? ????? ?? ??? ??? ??????? ??? ??? ??? ?? ??????? ?? ??????? ???? ??? ?? ?? ?? ?????? ?????? ??? ??? ?? ???????? ????? ?? ??? ???? ??? ????????? ?? ???? ?? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ???????? ???? ??????? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ?? ??? ??? ??????? ???? ??? ?????? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ??? ^[2]

?????? ???? ?? ???? ????? ??? ??? ?????? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ?? ?????????? ?? ???? ??? ????? ??? ??? ?? ????? ??? ???????? ?? ?????? ?? ??????? ????? ??????? ???????????? ?? ?? ?? ???? ???? ??????? ?? ???? ??? ^[3] ???? ????????? ?? ??? ?? ??????? ????????? ?? ?? ??????? ??? ???? ???? ??? ??? ????? (????? ??? 135 ??? ????????? ??? ???? ??? - ?? ?? ???????? ?? ??????? ?? ?? ??????, ????????? ??? ??????? ??? ???) ???? ?????? ?????? ??? ??, ????????? ?????? ???, ?????-?????? ??? ???????????? ???? ????? ?? ??? ???

??????? [ ??????? ???? ]

?????? ?? ??????????? ?? ??? ??? - Codo mahila desa

??????????? ?? ??? ??? - ?????????? ?????? ????????, ???? ???????? ??? ?? ???? ?????????

???????? ?????????: ??? ???????? (???) ?????? , ?????? ??? ???????? ?? , ??? ???????? ??? , ??????? ????????? ?? , ??? ???????? ??? ???????? ?? , ??? ??? 15 ???? ???

The famouse incident of karbala in year 61, the holy family of Imam Husain was arresed at karbala (Iraq) and shifted here in Shaam (and old city and capital of Yazeed), for around one year..the mousque of Bibi sakina (daughter of Imam Husain is situated here)

??????? ?? ????? [ ??????? ???? ]

?????? ?? ??????? 1973 ??? ?????? ??? ?? ?????? ??? ?????? ?? ??????? ?? ?????? ???? ??? ??? ?????????? ?? ????? 7 ????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ????? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ??? ?????????? ??? ?????? ?? ??????? ?? ???? ??? ??????? ?? ?????? ?????????? ?? ??????? ?? ?? ???? ?? ?? ?????? ??????? ???? ??? ?????????? ?? ????????? ?? ???? ????? ??, ????? ??? ??????? ?? ????? ???? ?? ??? ????? ??? ???? ?? ?????? ???? ???

??????? [ ??????? ???? ]

??? 1963 ?? ??? ??? ??????? ???? ??? ??? ?? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ??? ??????????? ?????? ?? ?? ??????? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ??? ?????? ???

?????? [ ??????? ???? ]

????? ?????? [ ??????? ???? ]

????? ?? ??? ?? ??????? ??? 3000 ???????? ??? ??? ??? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ??? 1975 ??? ?????? ?????? ??? ???? ??? ????? ??? ????? ?? ???? ????????? ??????? ??? ^[4] ????? ?? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ?? ?? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ?? ????? ?? ?? ???? ??????? ??? ??????? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ?? ?? ?????? ??????? ???? ?? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ???? ??? ^[5] ????? ?? ????????? ?? ???????? 2260 ??? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ??? ??????? 1900 ??? ????????? ?? ???? ?????

??????? ??? [ ??????? ???? ]

?????????, ?????????? ??? ????????? ?? ???????? ????? ???????????? ??? ??? ???? ?????? ??? ?????? ?? ?????? ??? ?? ??? ????????, ?????????, ?????? ??? ??????????? ????? ?? ??????? ?????? ?? ??? ??? ??? ???????? ??? ????? ?? ??????? ????????? ?? ?? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ?? ????????? ?? ?????? ??? ???? ??? ?? 330 ??? ???? ?? ???????? (??????????) ?? ??????? ?? ????? ?? ??? ???? ????? ?? ??? ??????? ??????? ??? ????? ?? ???? ?? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ??????? ???? ^[4]

???? ???? ??? ?????? ??? ?????? ?? ??????? ???? ????? ??? ??? ??? ?? ?? ???? ??? ?? ?????? ?? ???

?????? ?? ?????? ?? ?????? ???? ?????????? ???{ Acts 9:1-6 Paul's Encounter with Yahweh on the Road to Damascus }

??? ?????? ?????? ??? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ?????????? ??? ?????? ??????? (650-735) ?? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ??????? ?? ?? ??????? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ??? ???? ??? ??? 1260 ?? ?? ?????????? ?? ???? ??? ????? ??????? ?????? ??? ??????? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ?? 1258 ??? ?????? ?? ??? ?? ???? ??????? ?? ???? ?? ???? ??????? ?? ????? ??? ?? ?? ?? ????? ????? ?? ???????? ?? ??? ????? ?? ??? ????? ??????? ?? 1281 ??? ???????? ?? ?????? ???? ?????? ???? ?? ?? ??? ??? ^[6]

??? 1400, ????? ??? , ???? ??????? ?? ?????? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ??????? ??? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ????? ??????????? ?? ???? ?? ???? ?? ??? ???? ??? ?? ??????????? ?? ??????? ?? ???? ???? ^[7]^[8] ????? ??? ?? ??? ?? ?????? ?? ??????? ??????? ?? ????????? ?? ???? ???? ??????? ??? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ?? ???? ?? ?? ??????? ????????? (????? ?????) ?? ??? ??? ????

???? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ?? 1946 ?? ???? ???? ??? ?? ???? ???????? ???????? ??? ??? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ???? ??? ??? ?????? ?? ???????? ???

????? [ ??????? ???? ]

?????? ?? ?? ??????? ???? ?????? ?????????? (????? - ?????????) ???? ???? ????? ?? ???????? ?? ?? ??? ??? ?? ???? ???? ??? ???????? ?? 60 ?????? ??? ????? ???? ?? ??????? ??????? (????? - ??????) ???? ???? ???? ?? ???????? ?? ????? ???? ????

?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ??? ?? ???????? (???????) ?? ???????? ???? ??? ???? ??? ??????????? ?? ??????? ?????? ???? ??? ?? ??????? ?? ??? ????? ?? ?? ??? ????????? ????? ???? ???

????? [ ??????? ???? ]

Satellite image of Syria (border lines added).

?????? ?? ??????? ??????? ????? ??? ?????? ??? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ??? ?????? ??? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ?? ???? ???? ?? ??????? ?? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ??? ?????? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ?????????? ??? ??? ?? ??????? ????? ?? ???? ??????? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ???

??? ?? ?????? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ?? ??? ?? ??????? ?? ??? ???? ???? ??? ?? ???

?????? ?? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ??? ???????? ???? ???? ???? ??? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ???? ???? 1956 ??? ???? ?????????? ?? ??? ??? ??? ?????????, ???????? ??? ???????? ??? ?????? ??? ??????? ???? ?? ??? ??????? ???? ?? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ?? ??? ????????? ?? ????????? ??????? ???? ????? ??? 1940 ??? ????????? ??? ?? ??????? ?? ??? ??? ??? ?????????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????? ???

??????? [ ??????? ???? ]

?????? ??? ???????? ?? ????? ????????????? 100 ?? ???? ?? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ??????? ?????? ??? ?? ???? ??? ??????? ?? ???? ???????? ?? ??? ???? ??? 2008 ??? ??? ?? ?? ????? ??? ???? ??? ?? ?????? ??? ??? 18 ??? ???????? ?????, ???????? ?? ???????? ?? ??? ??? ???? ^[9]

?? ?? ?????? ??? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ???????? ??? 15 ??? ?? ???? ???? ?? ???? ?? ????? ?? ??? ???????? ?? ?? ??????? ??? 86 ??????? ?? ???? ??????? ??? 74 ????????

???? [ ??????? ???? ]

??????? ??????? ???? ?? ??? ????????? ??? ???? ?? ???? ????????? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ??? - ?????????????, ?????????? ??? ??????????? ?? ???? ??????? ????? ??? ^[10] ???? ?????????? ?? ??? ??? ???? ?? - ???? ?? ??? ???? ???? ?? ??? ????? ?? ??????? ?? ??? ???? ?? - ?? ??? ??? ??????? ??? ???? ????? ??? ?? ?? ??? ????? ?? ???? ??????? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ???, ???? ?? ??????? ??? ?? ????, ???? ???? ??? ??? - ????????, ???? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ??????? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ?? 90 ??????? ??? ^[11]

???? ??? ???????????? ??? ?? ?????? ???:

????? - 9%). ^[12] ????? ??????? ????? ?????? ??????? ??? ???? ??? ?? ?????? ??? ???? ?? ??? ??????? ????
????? . - ?????? ??????? ???????? ??? ???? ??? ?? ??????? ??????? , ?????? ??? ??????? ??? ???? ????

???????? ???-

?????????? .

??????? ??? ????? ??????? ????? ??? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ??????? ??? ?????????? ??? ??????? ??? ???? ?????? ??? ??? ???? ???? ^[13]^[14]

???? [ ??????? ???? ]

?????? ?? 90 ??????? ????? ??????? ?? ?? 10 ??????? ????? ?????? ??????? ??? ???????? ?? 74 ??????? ??? ???? ???? ????? 13 ???????? ?????? ??? ??? ????? ?? ???? ???? ^[15]

???? [ ??????? ???? ]

???? ???????? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ???? ?? ????? ???? ??????? ??? ????????? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ????

???????????? [ ??????? ???? ]

?????? ?? ???????? ???????????? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ???? , ??????????, ?????? ?? ?????? ???? ??? ?? ??????? ??? ? ??? ??????, ???-?????? ???????????? ?? ???? ???????? ??? ????? ???????? ??? ???? ??????? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ???????????? ?????? ?? ?? ???

???? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ?? 2.9 ??????? ???

??? ?????? ????? ???? ?? ?? ?????? 2012 ?? ??? ?? ???????? ?? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ?? ??????? ???? ????? ????? ?? ???? ??? ??? ??? ??? ???

????????? ?? ??, ?????? ?? ????? ?? ??????? 7.5 ?????? ???

?????? ??????? [ ??????? ???? ]

1951 ??? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ?? ?? ???????? ?? ??????? ????? ?? ???? ??? ???? ?? ???? ?? ???? ??? ?? ?????? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ????? ??? ????? ??? ??? siria

?????? [ ??????? ???? ]

?????? ?? ?? ?????? ???? ????? ??? - ?????? ?? ???????? ??? ???? ?? ??? ??????????? ?????? ???? ??? ??????? (??????? ????? ??????) ??? ???????? (????? ????? ??????) ?? ??????? ?????? ???? ???? ???????? ???? ?????? ?? ??????? ????? ???? ??? ?? ??????? ??? ^[16].

?????? ?? ???? ????? [ ??????? ???? ]

?????? ?? ??? ????????? (????) ?????? ?? ???? ????? [ ??????? ???? ]

?????? ?? ???? ?? ?? ?????????? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??? ?? 1930 ??? ?? ??? ?? ??? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ?????? ??? ??????? ?? ???? ?? ?? ???? (??????????) ??????? (?????) ????????? ?? ??? ?? ?? ?? ???? ?? ??????? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ??? ??????? ?? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ??????? ??????? ???????? ????? ?????? ??? ??????? ??? ?? ??????? ?? ???? ?????????????? ??? ?? ??????? ???? ??? ???? ????? ??????? ??? ???? ??? ???? ???

????? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ???? [ ??????? ???? ]

????? ?????? ?????? ?? ?? ??????? ?? ?? 1850 ???? ???????? ?? ??????? ??? ?? ?????? ??????? ?? ????? 2500 ???? ?? ???? ?? ?? ???? ?????? ????????? ?? ???????? ???? ??? ????? ???? ??? 1949 ??? ?????? ?? ??? ??? ?? ???? ?? ??????? ???? ??? ????? ????? ?? ???? ?? ??? ?? ?? ?? ?????? ??????? ?? ?????? ??????? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ??? ??? ?? ?????? ?? ?? ??????? ?? ???????? ??????? ??????? ?? ???? ???? ?? ??? ???? ????? ???????? ?????? ?? ??? 1967 ??? 6 ???? ????? ??? ??? ????? ^[17] ???? ???? ?????? ?? ????? (?????? ?? ????? ?? ????) ????? ?? ???????? ??? ??? ??????? ?? ??? ??? 1973 ??? ?????? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ?? ????? ??? ^[18] ???? ??? 1974 ??? ??????? ??????? ?? ????????? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ?????????? ?? ?????? ??? ??????? ???? ?? ????? ?? ??? ^[19] ????? ?? ??????? ??????? ?? ??????? ????????????? ??? ????? ?? ?? ?????? ??? ?? ??? ^[20]

???????? [ ??????? ???? ]

??????? ??? ?? ??? ?????? ??? ???????? 14??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ?????? ?? ?????? ???? ?????? ?? ?? ???? ???????? ?????????? ??????? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ??? ??????, ????, ??????, ??????? ??? ??? ?? ????? ???? ???? ??? ??-??? ?? ????? ???????? ????? ???? ????? ?? ????? ???????? ?? ?????????? ??????????? ?? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ???

???????? ??? ?? ????? ?? ?? ???? ???? ?? ???? ?? ???? ???? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ?? ?? ???? ?? ?????, ????? ?? ????? ?? ???? ??? ???? ????

??????? ????? ?? ???? ???? ??? ???????? ?????? ???? ??? ?? ??????? ???? ????? ??? ?? ????????? 19??? ??? ?? ???? ???? ?? ?????????? ??? ?????????? ?????? ??? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ??? - ??? ???? ??? , ??????? ???? , ???? ???? , ??? ??-????? , ?????? ???????? ?? ??????? ????? ?

??????? ????? ??? ??????? ????????????, ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ???

???? ?? ??????? [ ??????? ???? ]

???? ?? ???????	???	???
????? ?? ???????	???????	??????
????????	??????	??
?????????????? ??? ????	??????	??
??????? ??? ????	???????	?????
????????	????????	?????
????? ???????	??????????	???????
???? ???????	???????	???????
?????? ?? ?????????????? ????	??????	???????
????? ?? ??? ?? ????	???????	2 - 12 ?????
????? ???????	????? ?? ???	???????
?????? ?? ????? ???????	??????	??????
????? ?? ???????	??????	??????

==???????? ?? ??????== ? ??? ??? ???? ??

????????? ???? [ ??????? ???? ]

???? [ ??????? ???? ]

↑ "2014 Human Development Report Summary" (PDF) . ??????? ??????? ????? ?????????. 2014. ???? 21?25. ??? ?? 29 ????? 2016 ?? ????????? (PDF) . ?????? ???? 27 ????? 2014 .
↑ ???? ???? Theodor Noldeke ?????? ??? 1881 ??? ; cf. Harper, Douglas (2001). "Syria" . Online Etymology Dictionary . ??? ?? 6 ????? 2013 ?? ????????? . ?????? ???? 13 ??? 2007 . ??????? ?????? |month= ?? ??????? ?? ??? ( ??? ) .
↑ Pliny. "Book 5 Section 66". Natural History . University of Chicago Website. ??? ?? 20 ??? 2020 ?? ????????? . ?????? ???? 6 ?????? 2008 .
↑ ^? ^? "Syria: A country Study - Ancient Syria" . Library of Congress. Data as of April 1987. ??? ?? 2 ????? 2007 ?? ????????? . ?????? ???? 5 ?????? 2007 . |date= ??? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ( ??? )
↑ "The Aramaic Language and Its Classification" (PDF) . Journal of Assyrian Academic Studies . Vol. 14 (No. 1). ??? (PDF) ?? 9 ?????? 2008 ?? ?????????.
↑ Timeframe pp. 59-75
↑ "Battle of Aleppo" . ??? ?? 10 ????? 2008 ?? ????????? . ?????? ???? 6 ?????? 2008 .
↑ "The Eastern Mediterranean, 1400?1600 A.D." ??? ?? 28 ?????? 2009 ?? ????????? . ?????? ???? 6 ?????? 2008 .
↑ "World Refugee Survey 2008" . U.S. Committee for Refugees and Immigrants. 19 ??? 2008. ??? ?? 5 ??????? 2007 ?? ????????? . ?????? ???? 6 ?????? 2008 .
↑ "Phoenicians Online Extra @ National Geographic Magazine" . ??? ?? 29 ????? 2008 ?? ????????? . ?????? ???? 6 ?????? 2008 .
↑ "Syria" . The World Factbook . 2007. ??? ?? 29 ?????? 2017 ?? ????????? . ?????? ???? 6 ?????? 2008 .
↑ "???????? ?????" . Library of Congress Country Studies . ??? ?? 23 ?????? 2006 ?? ????????? . ?????? ???? 6 ?????? 2008 . ??????? ?????? |title >= ?? ??????? ?? ??? ( ??? )
↑ "??????? ?? ???" . ??? ?? 3 ?????? 2015 ?? ????????? . ?????? ???? 6 ?????? 2008 .
↑ ????? ??????? ??? ????? ?? ????? ^{[
??? ???????
]}
↑ "Syrian Jews" . ??? ?? 17 ?????? 2016 ?? ????????? . ?????? ???? 6 ?????? 2008 .
↑ "How to travel by train from London to Syria | Train travel in Syria" . ??? ?? 28 ??????? 2008 ?? ????????? . ?????? ???? 6 ?????? 2008 .
↑ "What Led To The Six Day War?" (????????? ???). ??? ?? 15 ?????? 2008 ?? ????????? . ?????? ???? 6 ?????? 2008 .
↑ "BBC NEWS" . ??? ?? 31 ????? 2009 ?? ????????? . ?????? ???? 6 ?????? 2008 . ??? "Middle East" ?? ??????? ?? ??? ( ??? ); ??? "Country profiles" ?? ??????? ?? ??? ( ??? ); ??? "World" ?? ??????? ?? ??? ( ??? ); ??? "Regions and territories: The Golan Heights" ?? ??????? ?? ??? ( ??? )
↑ "???????? ?????" . ??? ?? 7 ????? 2008 ?? ????????? . ?????? ???? 6 ?????? 2008 .
↑ "Worldandnation: Golan families dream of reunion" . ??? ?? 10 ????? 2009 ?? ????????? . ?????? ???? 6 ?????? 2008 .

??????? [ ??????? ???? ]

Boczek, Boleslaw Adam (2006). International Law: A Dictionary . Scarecrow Press. ISBN 0-8108-5078-8
Karoubi, Mohammad Taghi (2004). Just Or Unjust War? Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. ISBN 0-7546-2375-0
Timeframe AD 1200-1300: The Mongol Conquests . Time-Life Books. 1989. ???????????? 0-8094-6437-3 .

????? ??????? [ ??????? ???? ]

?????

????????

????????????

??????

SANA Syrian Arab News Agency Government News Agency
Cham Press A complete roundup of news about Syria (in Arabic & English)
Syria, a Presidential Republic Under Military Rule Ynetnews (Israeli newspaper) article about Syria

Syrian Cities, towns & Villages websites

www.mshtawy.com Mashta Al helou official town website)

[HDI-1] "2014 Human Development Report Summary" (PDF) . ??????? ??????? ????? ?????????. 2014. ???? 21?25. ??? ?? 29 ????? 2016 ?? ????????? (PDF) . ?????? ???? 27 ????? 2014 .

[2] ???? ???? Theodor Noldeke ?????? ??? 1881 ??? ; cf. Harper, Douglas (2001). "Syria" . Online Etymology Dictionary . ??? ?? 6 ????? 2013 ?? ????????? . ?????? ???? 13 ??? 2007 . ??????? ?????? |month= ?? ??????? ?? ??? ( ??? ) .

[3] Pliny. "Book 5 Section 66". Natural History . University of Chicago Website. ??? ?? 20 ??? 2020 ?? ????????? . ?????? ???? 6 ?????? 2008 .

[LibraryofCongress-4] ? ^? "Syria: A country Study - Ancient Syria" . Library of Congress. Data as of April 1987. ??? ?? 2 ????? 2007 ?? ????????? . ?????? ???? 5 ?????? 2007 . |date= ??? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ( ??? )

[5] "The Aramaic Language and Its Classification" (PDF) . Journal of Assyrian Academic Studies . Vol. 14 (No. 1). ??? (PDF) ?? 9 ?????? 2008 ?? ?????????.

[6] Timeframe pp. 59-75

[7] "Battle of Aleppo" . ??? ?? 10 ????? 2008 ?? ????????? . ?????? ???? 6 ?????? 2008 .

[8] "The Eastern Mediterranean, 1400?1600 A.D." ??? ?? 28 ?????? 2009 ?? ????????? . ?????? ???? 6 ?????? 2008 .

[World_Refugee_Survey_2008-9] "World Refugee Survey 2008" . U.S. Committee for Refugees and Immigrants. 19 ??? 2008. ??? ?? 5 ??????? 2007 ?? ????????? . ?????? ???? 6 ?????? 2008 .

[10] "Phoenicians Online Extra @ National Geographic Magazine" . ??? ?? 29 ????? 2008 ?? ????????? . ?????? ???? 6 ?????? 2008 .

[CIA-11] "Syria" . The World Factbook . 2007. ??? ?? 29 ?????? 2017 ?? ????????? . ?????? ???? 6 ?????? 2008 .

[12] "???????? ?????" . Library of Congress Country Studies . ??? ?? 23 ?????? 2006 ?? ????????? . ?????? ???? 6 ?????? 2008 . ??????? ?????? |title >= ?? ??????? ?? ??? ( ??? )

[13] "??????? ?? ???" . ??? ?? 3 ?????? 2015 ?? ????????? . ?????? ???? 6 ?????? 2008 .

[14] ????? ??????? ??? ????? ?? ????? ^{[
??? ???????
]}

[15] "Syrian Jews" . ??? ?? 17 ?????? 2016 ?? ????????? . ?????? ???? 6 ?????? 2008 .

[16] "How to travel by train from London to Syria | Train travel in Syria" . ??? ?? 28 ??????? 2008 ?? ????????? . ?????? ???? 6 ?????? 2008 .

[17] "What Led To The Six Day War?" (????????? ???). ??? ?? 15 ?????? 2008 ?? ????????? . ?????? ???? 6 ?????? 2008 .

[18] "BBC NEWS" . ??? ?? 31 ????? 2009 ?? ????????? . ?????? ???? 6 ?????? 2008 . ??? "Middle East" ?? ??????? ?? ??? ( ??? ); ??? "Country profiles" ?? ??????? ?? ??? ( ??? ); ??? "World" ?? ??????? ?? ??? ( ??? ); ??? "Regions and territories: The Golan Heights" ?? ??????? ?? ??? ( ??? )

[19] "???????? ?????" . ??? ?? 7 ????? 2008 ?? ????????? . ?????? ???? 6 ?????? 2008 .

[20] "Worldandnation: Golan families dream of reunion" . ??? ?? 10 ????? 2009 ?? ????????? . ?????? ???? 6 ?????? 2008 .

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