????
VAX
11-780, ??? ?
????-??????
??????? ????? ?????
Rainbow
, ?
???? ?????
????? ?? ?????
DEC
(
???? ?????
??
Digital Equipment Cooperation
, ????? ?
?????
?? ??? ??????
??????
) ?????
???? ??????
?????? ?
???? ?-60 ?? ???? ?-20
. ?????
???? ??????
????
PDP
, ?????? ?????? ????
VAX
?
????
Alpha
. ????? ???????, ????? ?? ?????
?????
???????? ???? ??????? ??????. ?????, ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ??????, ???? ????
IBM
. ?????
???? ?-90
???? ????, ??????? ??????? ?? ??? ????
??????
????
1998
[1]
. ???? ????? ????? ????? ???? ?? ??? ????
????? ?????
, ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?? DEC.
????
1957
????? ?????
MIT
?? ?????
????? ???????,
???? ????
??? Digital Equipment Corporation ??????? ??
??????
??????
?????? ????
????? ???? ?????? ????? ?
?????
(printer buffer), ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ?? ??????. ???????
1960
?????? ????? ?? ?????-???? ?????? ???????,
PDP-1
, ?????? ?? ?
??????????
?? ???? TX-0 ???? ??? ????? ??????? ??????? ?-MIT.
?????, ?????? ????"? ?????, ??? ?? ?????? ??????-????? ??? ?? ?????. ?? ???? ??? ???? ?? ??????? ?????, ?????? ???????: ???????,
?????
, ????????, ?????, ????? ??? ??????. ?????? ???????, ??? ???? ??????? ?????? ????????????
?????? ??????????
, ???? ?????
???? ??????
???? ?????? ??????? ?? ???? ?????, ??? ?????? ????? ????? ????????? ????? ??? ????? ???????? ??????? ?? ??? ???? ??? ??????? ????????? ????? ???. ????? ?? ????? ????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??? ???
KISS
(Keep it simple stupid)
, ??? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ????? ???? ????? ???
[3]
. ???? ??????? ?????? ??????? ????? ???? ?????? ???????? ?????? ?????-?????? PDP ?-VAX ?????? ?????? VMS, ???, ???, ?? ????? ???? ??????? ?? ????? ???? ??? ?? ????? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????. ????
1986
??? ??????
Fortune
?????? ?
???
?????? ????? ???????. ????? ??? ??? ???? ?? ??????? ?????? ???
IEEE
. ?-
1987
???? ????? ???? ????? ??? DECWorld expo, ????? ??? ?? ?????? ???? ?????? "Queen Elizabeth II" ?? ??? ?????? ?
??? ??????
????? ??? ?????. ????? ?
?????
????? ????? ??? ???? ?? 199.50 ???? ??????
[4]
.
?? ???, ????? ??? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ???? ?? ??? ?????, ???? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ???? ????? ????? ???. ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ?????? ?? ?????, ?? ?? ????? ??? ?????, ?? ?????? ????? ?? "Time to market" (????? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ???? ???????, ?? ??? ??????? ?? ????? ??????). ???????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ????????. ?? ?????? ?????? ???? ??? ?????? ??????
UNIX
, ????? ?????????? ?? VMS, ???????? ??????. ??????? ?????? ?-UNIX ??????? ????? ?????? ?????? ULTRIX ??-
IBM PC
??????? ????? ????? ?????
Rainbow
???? ??????? ????? ???
[5]
.
??
???? ?-80 ?? ???? ?-20
???? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ???? ??????? ?????? ???????? ??? ???? ?????.
?? ????? ?????? ??
?????? ??????
?????? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ?????????, ?????? ????? ??????? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ??????. ????? ???? ?-90 ?????? ???? ?? ????? ????? ?? ??? ????? ?? ???? ??????? ?????? ??????? ????? IBM, ????? ????? ?-DEC. ????? ???? ??????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?? DEC, ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ?? ??????? ???????? ??? ????? ??????. ?? ?????, ???? ?????, ???? ???? ?????? ?? ?? ????? ????? ???????? ?????? ??? ????? ?????.
????? ?????
, ?????? ???? ?????? ??? ?? ????? ?-Alpha ????? ???? ?? ????? ????? ???? ???? ?????.
??????? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ?????. ?? ???? ??? ?? ???? ??????? RDB ?
?????
, ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????
CA
??? ????? ??????? ?????
Cabeltron
. ???? ???? ????? ??? ???? ?? ????? ???? ????? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ??????? ?????.
?
????
???????,
???? ?-80
?????? ????? ????? ????
1978
????? ?????, ???? ???? ??????, ????? 8 ??????, ????? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ?
???? ????
?? ?? ????
[6]
. ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ???????, ????? ?-400 ??? ?????. ????? ??????? ???? ???? ??????? ????? ??????? ?? ???? DEC ???????. ????? ????? ????? ???? ????? ?? ???? ??????, ????? ??????, ??? ??????? ???? ???? ??????? ????????? ??????, ??????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?????
[6]
. ??? ????? ??? ????? ??????? ??
?????? ?????
???? ??? ?????? ?????? ???????? ????? ????? ????? ?"
??????? ????
". ?????? ??????? ????? ?????? ?????? (???"?) ?????? ????? ?? ????? ???? ???? ??????? ????????. ?????? ???"? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ??????, ????? ??????? ???? ??????? ?????????. ????? ????? ??????? ???
??? ?????
??? ???? ?? ?????,
???? ?? ????
?
?????? ???
[6]
.
????
1992
????? ?????? ?????, ???? ????
??????
, ???? ????? ??? "??? ?????? ?????" ?????? ?? ???? ???? ??????. ????? ???????? ????? ????? ????? ????? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ????? ????. ????? ??? ???? ?????? ???? ??????, ????? ??????? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ??????. ??? ????? 150 ?????? ???????, ??? ??? ???? ?????
[7]
.
- Glenn Rifkin, George Harrar,
The ultimate entrepreneur: the story of Ken Olsen and Digital Equipment Corporation
, Chicago : Contemporary Books, 1988 ISBN
978-1559580229
- Earls, Alan R.
Digital Equipment Corporation
, Arcadia Publishing, 2004. ISBN
978-0738535876
- Schein, Edgar H.
DEC Is Dead, Long Live DEC: The Lasting Legacy of Digital Equipment Corporation
, Berrett-Koehler Publishers, 2004. ISBN
978-1576753057