????? ????

????? ????
Rainer Weiss
	????? ????, ????? 2006
	????? ????, ????? 2006
????	29 ??????? 1932 (?? 91) ; ????? , ???????? ??????
??? ????	??????
???? ??????	????? ?????
???? ???????	????? ????????? ?? ???'???? ; ??? ???? ?? ???????? ;
???? ????????	?'???? ??????
??????	????? ????????? ?? ???'???? ; ?????????? ????? ;
?????? ???????	???? ?????-????? , Shaoul Ezekiel , Julien Sylvestre , Michelle Stephens , Joseph Michael Kovalik , David Kingston Owens , Dirk Joachim Muehlner , Patricia Marie Downey , Daniel Dewey , Partha Saha , Brian Thomas Lantz , Rana Adhikari , Nelson Lloyd Christensen , Ryan Christopher Lawrence , Peter Kurt Fritschel , Joseph Anthony Giaime , Brett Bochner , Jeffrey Clark Livas
????? ??????	??? ?????? ???????????? ( 2016 ) ; Clarivate Citation Laureates ( 2016 ) ; ??? ????????? ( 2007 ) ; Giuseppe and Vanna Cocconi Prize ( 2017 ) ; ??? ?????? ( 2016 ) ; ??? ???? ??????? ( 2017 ) ; ??? ????? ??????????? ( 2016 ) ; ??? ??? ??????????? ( 2016 ) ; ???? ???????? ; ??? ??? ; ???? ????? ????????? ????????? ; ???? ???? ???????? ; Joseph Weber Award for Astronomical Instrumentation ;
?????? ???????
	?????? ?????? ? ???????????? ???? ??? ?????

????? ???? (? ?????? : Rainer Weiss ; ???? ?- 29 ??????? 1932 ) ??? ??????? ??????? ? ???? ????? , ????? ??????? ? ??????????? ????? ? ????? . ???? ??? ??????? ??????????? MIT . ??? ????????? ??????? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ? ???????????? ??? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? LIGO . ? ???? ?-80 ?? ???? ?-20 ??? ??? ??"? ????? ?? ???? ? ?????? COBE . ^[1]^[2]^[3]

???? ??? ???? ??? ???? ??????? ???? 2017 , ??? ?? ??? ???? ? ???? ???? , ?? ?????? ?????? ? ?????? LIGO ??? ? ????? ?? ??? ?????? . ^[4]

????? ???? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

????? ???? ???? ?- 29 ??????? 1932 ? ????? ??? ????? ???? ???? ???? ?? ??????. ^[5] ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ??? ???? ?? ?????? ? ???? ???? ????? ????? ???? ???? ? ????? ??????????? . ^[6] ???? ???? ????? ????? ???? 1938, ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ( ??' ) ??????????? ? ??? ????? ????? ??????? ??????? ???? ????? ????? ????? ? ????? ????? . ^[7] ???? ??? ? ??? ???? ???? ???? ???? ????? '???????? ????? ????'. ????? ???? ??? ? ???? ????????? ?? ???'???? (MIT) ????? ???? ???????????? ????? ???????, ^[8] ??? ????? ????? 1955 ???? ???? ????? ????? 1962 ???? ???? ????? ????????? ?'???? ?????? . ??? ????? 1960?1962 ???? ???? ? ?????????? ????? ????? ? ?????? , ???'???? , ??? 1962?1964 ??? ??? ????? ????-??????? ? ?????????? ???????? ????? 1964 ????? ???? ??????? ?? MIT . ^[5]

?????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

????? ???? ??? ???? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ??????? ???????: ????? ??? ?????? ^[3] ?????? ????????????? ? ??? ????? .

??? ??? ????????? ???? ?????? ???????? ?? ????? ???? ??????? . ???? ??? ??? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? COBE ?? ???"?. ^[1]

???? ????? ?? ????? ? ???????????? ? ??? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ' Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory ' ?? ???? ??????? ???? . ??? ?????? ??? ??????? ???? ???? ????? ?????. ^[9]

??????? 2016, ??? ??? ??? ?????? ??????? ??????? ? ????? ???????? ?? ????? ??? ?????? ??????? ?-14 ??????? 2015 ?????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ?? ??? ?????. ???? 2017 ???? ??? ? ??? ???? ??????? . ^[10]^[11]^[12]

????? ???? ?????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

????? ???? ??? ????? ??????? ????? ??????? ??????:

???? 2006, ??? ??? ?? ?'?? ???'? ????? ?????? COBE ???? ????? ???????????. ^[2]
???? 2007, ??? ??? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ????????? ( ??' ) ?? ??????. ^[13]
???? ???????? ?????? ??? ????? ??? ??? ?????? ?????:
- 2016 - ???? ??????? ?????? ^[14]
- 2016 - ??? ????? ??????????? ^[15]
- 2016 - ??? ??? ^[16]
- 2016 - ??? ????? ^[17]
- 2016 - ??? ?????? , ??? ?? ??? ???? ??????? ????. ^[18]
- 2016 - ??? ??????? ???????? ?? ????? ????'?????? ????????? ??????, ??? ?? ??? ???? ? ???? ???? . ^[19]
- 2017 - ???? ???? ???????? ??? ?? ??? ???? ????? ????. ^[20]
- 2017 - ??? ???? ??????? ??? ?? ??? ???? ????? ????. ^[21]

??? ?? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

????? ??? ?????

??????? ???????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

???? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ? ??????????

????? ???? , ???? ??? ???? (???????)
????? ???? , ???? ?????? ????????? ????????
????? ???? , ???? ??????????? ???????? (???????)
??? ???? ?? ????? ???? ?-MIT (???????)
?????? LIGO ?-MIT (???????)
????? ???? ? ?????? ????????? ???????? (???????)
????? ???? ???? ??? ???? (???????)

????? ?????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

^ ¹ ² Lars Brink ( 2 ????? 2014 ). Nobel Lectures in Physics (2006 ? 2010) . World Scientific. pp. 25?. ISBN 978-981-4612-70-8 . {{ cite book }}: ( ???? )
^ ¹ ² "NASA and COBE Scientists Win Top Cosmology Prize" . NASA . 2006 . ???? ?- 22 ??????? 2016 . {{ cite web }}: ( ???? )
^ ¹ ² Weiss, Rainer (1980). "Measurements of the Cosmic Background Radiation" . Annu. Rev. Astron. Astrophys. 18 : 489?535. Bibcode : 1980ARA&A..18..489W . doi : 10.1146/annurev.aa.18.090180.002421 .
^ "The Nobel Prize in Physics 2017" . The Nobel Foundation. 3 ???????? 2017 . ???? ?- 3 ???????? 2017 . {{ cite web }}: ( ???? )
^ ¹ ² Weiss CV at mit.edu
^ Interview with Rainer Weiss , p. 7
^ Oral Histories
^ Meet the College Dropout who Invented the Gravitational Wave Detector Adrian Cho Science 4 August 2016
^ David Shoemaker (2012). "The Evolution of Advanced LIGO" (PDF) . LIGO magazine (1).
^ Twilley, Nicola. "Gravitational Waves Exist: The Inside Story of How Scientists Finally Found Them" . The New Yorker . ISSN 0028-792X . ???? ?- 2016-02-11 .
^ Abbott, B.P.; et al. (2016). "Observation of Gravitational Waves from a Binary Black Hole Merger" . Phys. Rev. Lett. 116 : 061102. doi : 10.1103/PhysRevLett.116.061102 . PMID 26918975 .
^ Naeye, Robert ( 11 ??????? 2016 ). "Gravitational Wave Detection Heralds New Era of Science" . Sky and Telescope . ???? ?- 11 ??????? 2016 . {{ cite news }}: ( ???? )
^ "Prize Recipient" . aps.org.
^ "Breakthrough Prize ? Special Breakthrough Prize In Fundamental Physics Awarded For Detection Of Gravitational Waves 100 Years After Albert Einstein Predicted Their Existence" . breakthroughprize.org (???????). San Francisco. 2 ???? 2016 . ???? ?- 2017-10-03 . {{ cite web }}: ( ???? )
^ "2016 Gruber Cosmology Prize Press Release" . gruber.yale.edu (???????). The Gruber Foundation. 4 ???? 2016 . ???? ?- 2017-10-03 . {{ cite web }}: ( ???? )
^ Shaw Prize 2016
^ Kavli Prize 2016
^ Harvey Prize 2016
^ "Meet the Team of Scientists Who Discovered Gravitational Waves" . Smithsonian Magazine .
^ Princess of Asturias Award 2017
^ "The 2017 Nobel Prize in Physics - Press Release" . www.nobelprize.org . Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences. 3 ???????? 2017 . ???? ?- 2017-10-03 . {{ cite web }}: ( ???? )

[Brink2014-1] ¹ ² Lars Brink ( 2 ????? 2014 ). Nobel Lectures in Physics (2006 ? 2010) . World Scientific. pp. 25?. ISBN 978-981-4612-70-8 . {{ cite book }}: ( ???? )

[NASA-2] ¹ ² "NASA and COBE Scientists Win Top Cosmology Prize" . NASA . 2006 . ???? ?- 22 ??????? 2016 . {{ cite web }}: ( ???? )

[ann-3] ¹ ² Weiss, Rainer (1980). "Measurements of the Cosmic Background Radiation" . Annu. Rev. Astron. Astrophys. 18 : 489?535. Bibcode : 1980ARA&A..18..489W . doi : 10.1146/annurev.aa.18.090180.002421 .

[4] "The Nobel Prize in Physics 2017" . The Nobel Foundation. 3 ???????? 2017 . ???? ?- 3 ???????? 2017 . {{ cite web }}: ( ???? )

[CV-5] ¹ ² Weiss CV at mit.edu

[6] Interview with Rainer Weiss , p. 7

[7] Oral Histories

[8] Meet the College Dropout who Invented the Gravitational Wave Detector Adrian Cho Science 4 August 2016

[9] David Shoemaker (2012). "The Evolution of Advanced LIGO" (PDF) . LIGO magazine (1).

[10] Twilley, Nicola. "Gravitational Waves Exist: The Inside Story of How Scientists Finally Found Them" . The New Yorker . ISSN 0028-792X . ???? ?- 2016-02-11 .

[PRL-20160211-11] Abbott, B.P.; et al. (2016). "Observation of Gravitational Waves from a Binary Black Hole Merger" . Phys. Rev. Lett. 116 : 061102. doi : 10.1103/PhysRevLett.116.061102 . PMID 26918975 .

[Naeye-12] Naeye, Robert ( 11 ??????? 2016 ). "Gravitational Wave Detection Heralds New Era of Science" . Sky and Telescope . ???? ?- 11 ??????? 2016 . {{ cite news }}: ( ???? )

[13] "Prize Recipient" . aps.org.

[14] "Breakthrough Prize ? Special Breakthrough Prize In Fundamental Physics Awarded For Detection Of Gravitational Waves 100 Years After Albert Einstein Predicted Their Existence" . breakthroughprize.org (???????). San Francisco. 2 ???? 2016 . ???? ?- 2017-10-03 . {{ cite web }}: ( ???? )

[15] "2016 Gruber Cosmology Prize Press Release" . gruber.yale.edu (???????). The Gruber Foundation. 4 ???? 2016 . ???? ?- 2017-10-03 . {{ cite web }}: ( ???? )

[16] Shaw Prize 2016

[17] Kavli Prize 2016

[18] Harvey Prize 2016

[19] "Meet the Team of Scientists Who Discovered Gravitational Waves" . Smithsonian Magazine .

[20] Princess of Asturias Award 2017

[21] "The 2017 Nobel Prize in Physics - Press Release" . www.nobelprize.org . Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences. 3 ???????? 2017 . ???? ?- 2017-10-03 . {{ cite web }}: ( ???? )

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???? ??? ???? ???????
1901 ‏- 1925	????? (1901) ? ????? , ???? (1902) ? ???? , ?' ???? , ?' ???? (1903) ? ????? (1904) ? ????? (1905) ? ?????? (1906) ? ???????? (1907) ? ????? (1908) ? ?????? , ????? (1909) ? ???? (1910) ? ??? (1911) ? ???? (1912) ? ???? (1913) ? ????? (1914) ? ?' ???? , ?' ???? (1915) ? ?? ???? (1916) ? ????? (1917) ? ????? (1918) ? ????? (1919) ? ???? (1920) ? ????????? (1921) ? ???? (1922) ? ?????? (1923) ? ?????? (1924) ? ???? , ??? (1925)
1926 ‏- 1950	??? (1926) ? ??????? , ?????? (1927) ? ???'????? (1928) ? ????? (1929) ? ???? (1930) ? ?? ???? (1931) ? ???????? (1932) ? ??????? , ????? (1933) ? ?? ???? (1934) ? ?'????? (1935) ? ?? , ??????? (1936) ? ????????? , ?????? (1937) ? ???? (1938) ? ????? (1939) ? ?? ???? (1940-1942) ? ???? (1943) ? ??? (1944) ? ????? (1945) ? ?????'?? (1946) ? ?????? (1947) ? ???? (1948) ? ??????? (1949) ? ????? (1950)
1951 ‏- 1975	??????? , ?????? (1951) ? ???? , ???? (1952) ? ?????? (1953) ? ???? , ???? (1954) ? ?? , ??? (1955) ? ????? , ????? , ??????? (1956) ? ???? , ?? (1957) ? ?'????? , ???? , ?? (1958) ? ???? , ?'?????? (1959) ? ?????? (1960) ? ???????? , ??????? (1961) ? ????? (1962) ? ????? , ?????-????? , ???? (1963) ? ????? , ????? , ???????? (1964) ? ???????? , ??????? , ?????? (1965) ? ????? (1966) ? ??? (1967) ? ?????? (1968) ? ??-??? (1969) ? ?????? , ?? (1970) ? ????? (1971) ? ????? , ???? , ????? (1972) ? ????? , ????? , ?'?????? (1973) ? ???? , ??????? (1974) ? ???? , ??????? , ???????? (1975)
1976 ‏- 2000	????? , ???? (1976) ? ??????? , ??? , ??? (1977) ? ????? , ?????? , ?????? (1978) ? ????? , ???? , ??????? (1979) ? ?????? , ???' (1980) ? ???????? , ????? , ?????? (1981) ? ?????? (1982) ? ?'???????? , ???? (1983) ? ????? , ??? (1984) ? ??????? (1985) ? ????? , ????? , ???? (1986) ? ?????? , ???? (1987) ? ????? , ????? , ???????? (1988) ? ???? , ???? , ???? (1989) ? ?????? , ????? , ?????? (1990) ? ??-??'? (1991) ? ???? (1992) ? ??? , ?????? (1993) ? ???????? , ??? (1994) ? ??? , ????? (1995) ? ?? , ?????? , ???'????? (1996) ? ?'? , ????'? , ?????? (1997) ? ????? , ?????? , ??? (1998) ? '? ???? , ????? (1999) ? ?????? , ???? , ????? (2000)
2001 -????	????? , ????? , ???? (2001) ? ??????? , ?????? , ?'????? (2002) ? ????????? , ???????? , ??? (2003) ? ???? , ?????? , ????'? (2004) ? ?????? , ??? , ??? (2005) ? ???'? , ???? (2006) ? ?? , ??????? (2007) ? ????? , ???????? , ??????? (2008) ? ??? , ???? , ????' (2009) ? ???? , ??????? (2010) ? ??????? , ????? , ??? (2011) ? ???? , ?????? (2012) ? ????? , ???? (2013) ? ????? , ?????? , ?????? (2014) ? ??'??? , ??????? (2015) ? ?'???? , ??????? , ???????? (2016) ? ???? , ???? , ?'??? (2017) ? ????? , ???? , ???????? (2018) ? ??? , ????? , ????? (2019) ? ????? , ?? , ???? (2020) ? ???? , ?????? , ?????? (2021) ? ???? , ?????? , ???????? (2022) ? ???????? , ????? , ?'??????? (2023)