?????
??????
|
???? ???? ????? ????? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ?????, ??? ????? ??? ????, ?? ???? ???? ???? ?????.
|
?????? ????????? ???????
|
---|
?????
?????
19,454,263
?????
?????
4,011,480
??????
??????
2,764,500
?????
?????
1,500,000
????????
????????
1,500,000
????
????
1,400,000
???????
???????
1,015,632
??????
??????
780,000
??? ???????
??? ???????
500,000
????? ????????? ???????
????? ????????? ???????
250,000
?'???
?'???
200,000
??????
??????
191,530
????? ?????
????? ?????
187,331
?????
?????
150,000
?????
?????
98,090
????
????
77,050
??? (?????)
???
54,000
???????
???????
49,779
?????
?????
42,207
????????
????????
34,120
?????? ???????
?????? ???????
1,750
????????? ?????? ?? ???
???
586
|
????
|
---|
?????
,
????? ????????
,
????? ?????? ????
,
????? ????
|
??
|
---|
?????
(?????
?????
),
??????? ???????? ???????-??????
,
??????? ??????-???????????
,
??????? ???????
,
??????
,
??????
|
?????? ?????? ??????
|
---|
???????
,
????????
,
??????
,
??????
,
?????
,
??????
|
?????
(?
?????
:
??????
), ????? ?? ???
??? ?????
(?????: ????? ??????; ?
?????
: ??????), ??? ???? ??????? ???? ?????
?????
. ?????? ???????? ???????? ?? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ???????
??????
???????? ???? ???? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ????. ???? ????
2018
???? ????????? ????? 19.5 ?????? ??????, ??????, ???? ???? ??"?, ??????? ?????? ???
??????
,
??????
,
??????
??????.
????
????? ??????? ??????
, ?????? ?????? ???? 15 ?????? ??? ????? ???? ????? ?
???? ??????
(
????? ?????
?
????
), ??????? ?????? ?
????? ???????
(????
??????
,
????
?
??????
),
???? ??????
(?????
?????
,
????????
,
???????
?
????????
),
???? ???????
,
??????
,
????????
?
??? ?????
. ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???? ???? ?? ???? ??????, ????? ?
??????
.
[1]
?????? ???? ??????? ?????: ?????? ??????? ????? ???
???? ?????
??????. ????? ?????? ??
???? ?????? ???? ??????
????? ?? ??? ?
?????
. ????????? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ?? ?????? ??????? ????, ??????? ??????? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???? ??? ???? ???? ???? ???? ??????. ???? ??????? ???? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ??????? ??? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??
?????
???????. ???? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ???? 64 ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????, ???? ?????? ??? ????????? ??????? ?????.
?????? ?????? ?? ?????????? ??????? ???? ??????? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ???????, ?
?????
, ??? ??????? ???? ?????? (??????). ?
?????
????? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ??? ?????? ????? ??????
?????? ????? ?? ??? ?????
. ??????? ?? ?????? ?????? ????? ???
???? ?-9 ????"?
, ???????????? ?
????? ??????
, ????
???????
,
??????? ????
, ?
????
, ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ?????? ???? ?? ?????. ?? ?? ???????? ????? ??? ?????? ?????? "????"? ?????????? ????? ??????? ???? ?? ????? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ?? "??????? ?? ????? ?? ???????? ??????? ?????????", ????? ?? ?? ????? ??????, "????", ????? ?????? ?? ????, ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ????. ??? ??????? ?? ?????? ????? ???? ????, ???????? ???????? ?? ???? ?-19 ????? ??? ?
??? ??? ???
, ???? ???? ?????? ????????, ????? ??????? ???? ???, ??????? ?? ??????? ?
?????????
??
???????????
?????? ?? ???????? ???????? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ??????. ?????? ??????? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ???????-?????? ?????? ?"????? ???????-?????" ??? ???? ?????, ???????? ?????? ????? ?
??????
?? ?
?????
, ?????? ??????, ?????? ?? ?????? ???????, ?? ????? ??? ?????, ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????.
?????? ???
??? ???
?? ??? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ??????.
[2]
??
????? ????????
?????? ??? ?????? ???? ???? ??????? ????????? ????????. ??
????? ?????? ????
????? ?????? ?????? ????? (
??????
, ???????, ?'??'????). ?????-???????
(
??'
)
????? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ?? ??? ???????
(
??'
)
?? ???? ?? ????? ???-????? ??????
(
??'
)
, ?????? ???? ?'???. ?????? ??????? ????? ?? ?
??? ????????
?? ??? ??????? ??????.
??????
, ?????? ?????
??????
, ????? ?????? ???? ???????????? ?? ?????? ????? ?????.
??????? ?????? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ?????????, ???????? ????? ????? ????? ?? ???? ??????? ????? ??????.
[3]
[4]
?????? ?????
??? ??? ?? 74% ???????. ?
??????
, ?????? ?-12% ???? ?????????? ????? ????? ?
?????
??
?????
. ?????? ?????? 10% ???????. ??? ??????? ?????? ???????? ?
????? ???????
. ??? ?????? ???? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?
?????? ?????????
??
?????? ???????? ???????-??????
. ?
??????
?? ????? ?????? ????????? ?
?? ???????
??? ??? ??? ???? ?
???? ??????
. ?
?????????
??
??
???? ??? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ?
????
. ?????? ?????? ??????? ???? ???? ??????? ?????
???? ??????
??
??? ??? ??????
???????? ??????. ???? ?? ?-500,000
????????
??????, ???? ????? ??????
?????? ??????? ????????
????
1948
. ?????
?????
????? ???? ????? ???? ?-
1947
?-30,000 ???, ?? ???? ???? ?-200 ?????? ???? ??????.
[5]
[6]
??????? ???????? ?? ??? ?????, ????? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ?????
????? ??????
, ??
?????
?? ???? ?????. ?????
???????
????? ??? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ??. ??? ??? ??????? ?????, ??? ?????? ????? ??????? ????? ?? ????? ????? ?? ?? ???? ?????. ?? ???, ???? ???-??????? ?????? ??? ?? ??? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ????????? ??????? ????? ??.
- ??? ????? ?
????? ?????
????? ????? ????? ????? ???????? ?????? ?????.
??? ???
,
???
,
?????
,
????
?
??????
?? ??? ????????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ????. ???? ?????? ???????? ?????? ?? ?
?????
,
????
,
???? ????
,
????
,
??????
,
????
,
????
, ??????, ?????,
?????
, ????,
???
, ?????.
????? ???? ????? ??????? ??? Meze. ??? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ?????
??????
,
??????
, ????? ???????. ???? ?????? ??? ??
??
?????? ???? - ?? ???? ????? ????? ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????. ???? ??????? ????, ?????? ???? ?????? ???????? ??? ?
???
, ?????? ??????? ?
?????
??
?????
?????? ??
????
??????? ????? ??? 90% ???????.
- ???????? ?????????
:
???????
?
????????
- ??????????
:
???????
?????
,
?????????
,
????????
,
??????
, ?
?????????
????? ?
??? ????????
????? ?? ????.
- ????????
:
????
?
???????
??
??????? ?????????
(??')
.
- ????? ???????????
:
?????
,
????
?
????
.
- ?'??? ??? ????
:
????????
?
????????
- ??? ??-????
:
??? ???????
?????? ?????? ???? ??? ????
?????
,
???????
,
?????
,
????????
,
????????
,
??????
,
?????
?
?????????
. ??? ??-???? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ??
????? ??????
. ??? ??, ??? ??? ??? ?? ?
?????? ???????
.
- ??????? ?????
:
?????
- ??? ??? ??-??? ??? ?????
:
?????
?
?????????
- ^
Gerard A. Besson-Caribbean Historian,
The Caribbean History Archives: Syrian-Lebanese community
, The Caribbean History Archives, 3 ???????? 2010
- ^
Middle East :: Syria ? The World Factbook - Central Intelligence Agency
, www.cia.gov
- ^
Camille Mansour, Walid Khalidi, Kam?l Man??r, Leila Tarazi Fawaz,
Transformed Landscapes: Essays on Palestine and the Middle East in Honor of Walid Khalidi
, American Univ in Cairo Press, 2009, ISBN
978-977-416-247-3
.
(???????)
- ^
George N. Atiyeh, Ibrahim M. Oweiss,
Arab Civilization: Challenges and Responses: Studies in Honor of Dr. Constantine Zurayk
, SUNY Press, 1988-07-08, ISBN
978-0-88706-699-3
.
(???????)
- ^
"Guide: Syria's diverse minorities"
.
BBC News
(??????? ??????). 2011-12-09
. ???? ?-
2020-11-04
.
- ^
"Syria Seeks Secular Image as Jews Restore Synagogues"
.
Bloomberg.com
(???????). 2011-02-07
. ???? ?-
2020-11-04
.