??? ??? ?????? (? ????? : ???? ???? ?????? , ???? ???? ??????), ????? ?? ? ??????? ( ???? , "? ??? "), ??? ?????? ????? ???? ???????? ? ????????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ????'????? ?? ??? , ?? ??? ?????? ???'?????? ????? ????? ????? ??????? , ?????? ? ??? ??? ?????? ? ??? ??? ?????? . ?????? ??????? ? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ?-275,000 ???? ????, ????????? ?????? ????? ?? 300,000 ??? ??????? ??????? ???????? ??? ?????. ?????? ????? ??????? ?? ??????? ??-150,000.

????? ???? ??? ?????? ????? ??? ??????, ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ?? ??? ??? ??????.

??????? ??????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

?????????? ??????? ???? ??????? ??? ??? ?????? ???? ?????? , ?????? ?????? ????? ?????? ????? , ????? ? ?????? ?? ????. ??? ????????? ??????? ?????, ?? ??????? ??????? ??????? ???? ?' ????? ??? ????? ?????? ???????? ??????.

??? ???? ????? ????? ??????? ?????? ???? ?????? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ???????, ????? ?????? , ??????? ??????? ?? ?????? ???? ??????? , ?????? ??? ???? ??? ?-1840 ???? ???????? ?-1895. ????? ???????? (??????? ???? ????'????) ????? ????? ???????? ????? ?????? ??????? ????????, ???? ??? ?????? ????? ? ????? ?????????.

???? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

???????? ????'????? ???? ????? ??????? ???? ???? ?-19, ????? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ?? ??????? , ????? ???? ???? ????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???????????? ???'??????. ?-1914 ???????? ????'????? ???? ?????? ???? ?? ????????? ??????? ????????, ????? ??????? ?? ????? ??????? ????? ?? ??????? ? ???? , ???????? ?? ?????? ?? "????? ????" ??? ? ????? . ?????? , ???? ????? ?? ???????? ????'????? ?????? ????? ???????, ???? ?????? ?????, ?????? ?? ?????? ???????? ??????.

?????????? ??????? ?? ???? ????????? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ????? 1914?1920 ???? ???? ??????? ???'???? ??? ?? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?????, ???? ?????? ??????? , ?'?'???? , ? ?'?????? , ??????? ?????? ??????? ?? ??????. ?????? ? ??? ??? ?????? , ???? ??? ?????? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ???????, ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ???????. ????? ??????? ?? ?????? ????? ??????? ????? ? ???? , ?????????? ?????? ???? ????? ????, ?????, ?????????? ?? ????? ???????. ??????? ??????? ???? ???? ? ????? ???? ?????.

??? ?????????? ??????? ????, ?????? ?????? ??? ??????? ?????????? ??????? ? ????? , ?????? ??????? ??????? ?????, ?? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ????, ???? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ?? ???? ???? ???? ?? ???????. ???? ???? ??? ?????? ????? ??????? ?????? ?? ???????. ????? ?????, ???? ????? ?????? ??????? ??? ????? ?? ????? ?? ??????? ?????. ?????? ??? ???'?????? ????? ????? ???? ?? ??????? ? ?????? (???? ???????? ????'?????, ???? ??? ??????? ??????) ???????? ??????? ?? ????????.

???? ???? ????? ???????, ?????? ?????, ??????, ????? ???????. ??? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????? ?????? "????" ?? ???? ??? ??? ???????, ????, ?"???? ??? ?????". ??????? ??????? ?? ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ?????. ?-65,000 ?????? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ????.

??????? ?????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

???? 1918, ?????? ?????? ????? ????'???? ?????? ???? ????????? ??????? ??????? ?? ???? ?????, ?? ????? ??????. ??????? ????? ??????? ??????? ??? ?????? ???'?????, ????? ??? ???? ??????? ?? ???? ???? ???? ????? ?????, ????? ????'???? ???? ????? ?? ???????? ?????? ??????, ?? ?? ????? ???? ????? ??????. ?????? ??? ??????? ?????????? ?????? ???????, ????? ??? ????? ??????? ??'?????? ??????? ????????, ?? ????????? ??? ????? ??????? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ??????? ??????? ??? ???????.

????? ????? ??? ??? ???????? ?? ??????? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ????? ??????? ??? ?????? ????????? ???????, ?? ??? ?????.

???? ???? ??? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

• ?????? 2001, ???? ??? ???? , ?'???' ????? , ??? ?? ???? ???????? ???? ??? ?? ??? ?????? ??????.
• ?????? 2007, ?????? ????????? ?????? ?'?????? ???? ????? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ??? ?? ??? ??? ??????.
• ?????? 2008, ???? ??? ????, ??????? ??????, ???? ???? ???.
• ???? 2010, ??? ??????? ?? ?????? ( ????? ??????? ) ???? ???? ??? ??????, ??? ?? ??? ??? ?????? ???? ??? ??????.
• ???? 2013, ??? ??? ???? ?? ??? ??????? ?? ????? ??? ????' ????? ?????????.
• ???? 2015, ?????? ????? ???? ??? ??????.
• ?????? 2015, ??????? ?? ????? ??? ??????? ????? ???? ??? ?????? ???????.

??? ?? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

• ??? ????
• ??? ??? ??????
• ????? ??? ??? ??????

??????? ???????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

???? ?????? ????? ??? ??? ?????? ? ??????????