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Isabella Bird
איזבלה בירד, 1890
?????? ????, 1890
???? 15 ???????? 1831
?????????', ?????? ??????? עריכת הנתון בוויקינתונים
????? 7 ???????? 1904 (???? 72)
???????? , ?????? ??????? ?? ??????? ?????? ??????? עריכת הנתון בוויקינתונים
????? ?????? ??????? ?? ??????? ?????? ??????? עריכת הנתון בוויקינתונים
???? ????? ??? ?????? ??? ( ??' ) , ????????
???? ?????? ?????? עריכת הנתון בוויקינתונים
?????? ?????? ???? ??????? ???????, ????? ?? ?????? ????, ????? ???? ??????????, ???? ???????, ?????? ????????, ??? ??????? ????? ??
????? ??????
  • ???? ?????? ?? ???? ??????? ( 1985 )
  • ???? ????? ????????? ???????? עריכת הנתון בוויקינתונים
לעריכה בוויקינתונים שמשמש מקור לחלק מהמידע בתבנית
?????? ???? ?? ?????? ? ????? ????? ???????? ????? ???
?????? ???? ??????? ???'????
?????? ???? ????? ?? ??? ? ????? ????? ????? ? ??????? ( Ezo ) ?????? ??? (1878); ???? ????? ??????? ????? ????? ?????? ??; ????? ???? ????? ??? ???????
?????? ????; ???? ?????

?????? ???? ???? (? ?????? : Isabella Lucy Bird, Mrs Bishop ;‏ 15 ???????? 1831 ? 7 ???????? 1904) ????? ????? ????? ??????, ????? ? ???? . ????? ????? ??????? ? ???? ????? ? ????? , ? ?????? ????? ????????? ???? . ???? ????? ????? ??????? ???? ????? ????? ????????? ???????? ???????.

????? ???? ???????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

?????? ???? ????? ????? ???? ???????? ? ?????? . ?????? ??????? ??????? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?? ???? ?????, ?????? ?????? ????, ????? ????? ????. ?? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ????? ?????. ???? ???? ???? ????? ??? ?? ????, ???? ?????? ???? ????? , ?? ???? ??????, ????, ?????, ????????, ??????? ???????. ???? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ???????? , ????? ????? ????? ??????. ?????? ????? ???? ?????? ?????, ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ????????, ?????? ?????? ????? ???? ?? ???. [1]

???? ????? ???? ??????, ???? ????? ??? ????? ?????????, ???? ????? ????? ???? 22 ?????? ??? ? ????? ????? . ???? ?????? ? ???? ????? ???? ? ??????? . ?? ????? ?? ???? ??? ?????, ?????? ??, ?????? "??????? ???????" ???? ??? ?-1856. ?-1868 ???? ?? ????? ??????? ???? ??????? ? ???????? , ???? ??? ??? ( Mull ) ? ???? ????????? . ?????? ??? ??????? ??? ???? ?-1872 ????? ?????????. ??? ?????? ? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ?? ???? ????? ???? ??" ?? ????? " ??? ????? ??? ????? ????? ( ??' ) , ??? ?? ???? ?????? ???? "??? ?????" (1875). ?-1877 ???? ??? ?????? ?????, ???? ?????? ???? ?????? ??????? [2] ??????, ?????? ?? ???, ? ??? ????? . ? ?? ???????? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ? ? ??? , ? ??? , ??? ????? ???? ?? ????? 1878, ??????? ????-???? ???? (?????? ?? ??????? , ????? ? ??????? ?????). ?-1879, ????? ???? ??????? ??? ????? ?? ?????, ?????? ???? ????? ????? ???? ? ???? "?????? ??? ?????". ??? ???? ????? ???? ??????? ??? ???? ????, ???? ??? ????? "??????? ?? ????", ??? ???? ???? ????? ????.

?-1881 ????? ???? ????? ?'?? ?????? ??????? ?????????. ???? ??????? ????? ???? ?? ????? ??? Isabella L.Bishop, ??? ???? ?? ?????? ???. ?-1888, ??????? ???? ??? ????, ?????? ?? ???? ??? ????, ???? ? ????????? ? ???? , ??? ???? ???? ????. ??? ???? ?????? ? ???? ??????? ? ??? ?????? ??? ??? ? ?????? . ? ???? ???? ???? ??? ??? ?????: ? ??????? , ?? ?? ????? ??????? ????, ?? ?????? ?? ?? ????, ?'?? ?????.

?-1889 ???? ????? ? ????? ? ???? , ???? ????? ???? ??????? ? ????? ????? ????? ??? , ? ???????? ?? ?????? . ?-1894 ?????? ??????? ???? ?? ?????? . ????? ????? ??????, ???? 1896, ???? ???? ???? ?? ????? ??? ????? ? ?????? ??????? ??? ?? ????? ??'??? . ?-1901, ???? ?? 70, ?????? ????? ? ????? , ????? ?????? ? ??? ????? ??????? ?? ?????? ? ?????????? ?????. ?????? ???? ??????? ???? ??? ????, ?? ??? ? ???????? ?-1904, ???? ???? ?????? ?-73.

?????? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ????. ??? ????? ???? ????, ?????? ?????? ???????, ?????? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ?????, ??????? ???? ??????? ???, ??????? ??????? ???????, ?? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ? ????? . ??????? ??????? ???? ??????? ??????, ?? ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ??? ???? ???????? ?????? (???? ???? ?????? "??? ????? ??????? ?????? ???"?"). ??? ???????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??????, ???? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ??????? ???????, ???? ?? ????? ??????? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ???? ??????. ????? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ??????? ?????????????? (?? ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ??? ????? ?????).

?-1890 ????? ?????? ????-????? ????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ???? ? ???? ????????? ?? ??????? , ??????? ???? ??? ????? ??? ????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ????? ????????? ???????? ???????. [3] ???? ????? ?????? ? ????? ???? ???? ?? 60 ????, ??-1897 ?????? ????? ????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ( ??' ) . [4]

?? ????-?????? ???????? ???? ?"??? ????????? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ????".

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?????? ???? ???? ?????? ??????? ?? ??????? ?????????, ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ??????? . ????? ??? ??? ????? ? ????? ?'?? ????? ? ?????? ??????? ????? ?????. ???? ??????? ?? ??????? ????? ?????? ???????, ?????? ???? ??? ?????? ????? ? ????-?? .

??????? ??????? ????? ??: ???? ??????? ??????? (1856); ????? ?? ???????? ????? (1869); ??? ????? (1875); ???????? ???????: ????? ?????????? ???????? (1877); ??? ????? ???? ????? (1879); ????? ?? ?????? ???? (1880); ??? ??? ????? ????? ???? (1883); ????? ???? ?????????? (1891); ???? ??????? (1894); ?????? ???????? (1898); ??? ??????? ????? ?? (1899); ??????? ?????? (1900). [5]

?????, ????? ????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

??? ????? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ????????? ?? ?????? ??? ??????. ?????? "????? ?? ?????? ????" ?-1880 ????? ?? ????? ???? , ??? ?? ?? ????? ???? ?? ????? , ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ??? ???? ????? ???. ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????? ??. ?????? ???? ???? ?? ????? ? ????? ???????? ???. ???? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ???. ?? ??? ????? ??????? ????? ?????? ?????? ???. ???????? ???????? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ?????. ??????? ?? ????? ????? ???????? ????? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ??????. ??? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ????. ???? ????? ?? ????? ?? ?? ???? ????? ?? ??? ???? ???? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ???? ?????. [1]

??? ?????? ? ????? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ??, ????? ??? ????? ?????? ?????, ???? ?????? ? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ???, ????? ?????? ??????. ???? ????? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ???????? ????? ?? ??????? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ????? ???? ??????. ???? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ??? ??? ????? ????? ???? ???? ?? ???? ????? ???????? ????, ?????? ????? ??? ? ???? ????. ???? ???? ???? ??? ???? ? ????? ????? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ? ??? . ?? ???? ???? ???? ???? ???? ? ????? ?? ????? ?? ?????. [1]

???? ????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

?????? ???? ??? ??? ??????? ??????? ????? ?? ???? ?'??'?? ?-1982 ? " ???? ????? ". ???? ???????? ?? ????? ???? ?? ????? ? ???? ??? ????.

??? ??????? ?? ???? ?????? ???????? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ??????? ????? "??????" [6] (?????? "??????", ????? ??????? ??? ????, 2011), ?? ??? ????? ???? ?-1900 ??? "??? ??????? ????????" ?????? ?? ?? ???? ?????? ????? . [7]

???? ??? ????????? ???? ???? ???????? ??????? ? ???? ????? ??? Bird Planitia ?????? ?? ?????? ????. [8]

??? ?? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

??????? ???????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

ויקישיתוף ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ???? ? ??????????

????? ?????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

  1. ^ 1 2 3 Carol Huebscher Rhoades, "Isabella Bird: Traveler Extraordinaire", PieceWork , XXII, 2014, pp. 13?17
  2. ^ ????????? ??????? ???? ?????? ?? ???? 1876; ???? ????? ?? ???? ????? ?-1893. ?-1985 ????? ??????? ???? ???? ?? ???? ?" ???? ?????? ?? ???? ??????? "
  3. ^ Morag Bell and Cheryl McEwan, " The Admission of Women Fellows to the Royal Geographical Society, 1892-1914: The Controversy and the Outcome ", The Geographical Journal 162 (3), 1996, pp. 295-312
  4. ^ ??? ????? ?? ????? ????? ?????, ????? ?? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ?"???? ??????? ?? ????" (Oriental Society of Pekin), ??? ????? ??? ????? ?? ???????
  5. ^ The Englishwoman in America; Notes on Old Edinburgh; Australia Felix: Impressions of Victoria and Melbourne; A Lady’s Life in the Rocky Mountains ;The Hawaiian Archipelago: Six Months Among the Palm Groves, Coral Reefs, and Volcanoes of the Sandwich Islands; Unbeaten Tracks in Japan: An Account of Travels on Horseback in the Interior; The Golden Chersonese and the Way Thither; Korea and her Neighbors; Journeys in Persia and Kurdistan; Among the Tibetans; The Yangtze Valley and Beyond: An Account of Journeys in China; Chinese Pictures: notes on photographs made in China
  6. ^ ???? ??? , ?????? | ???? ???? ?? ??????? ?? ?? ???? , ???? ???? , 10 ???? 2011
  7. ^ W.R. Richmond, Two modern Travellers: Isabella L .Bird; Sir H.M. Stanley , London: Collins Clear, 1900
  8. ^ ????? ?????? ?????????? ?? ????? ; ??? ????? ?? ???? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ?????????? ?????????