????

???????? ?? ????
???????? ?? ???? ; ??????? ?????? ( Arabic ) ; Jumh?ri?yet al-?Ir?q ; ?????? ????? ( Kurdish ) ; Komari Eraq ;
	???? ????????
	??????????: ????? ; Maw?in? ; "My Homeland"
??????? ; and largest city	????? ; 33°20′N 44°23′E / 33.333°N 44.383°E
?????? ?????	Arabic ; Kurdish ;
Recognised regional languages ;	Neo-Aramaic ; Turkish ; Armenian ;
????? ???? (2019 )	75% Arabs ; 15% Kurds ; 10% Others incl. Turkmen , Assyrians , Yazidis and Mandaeans ;
???? (????) ; ( Religion in Iraq )	95% Islam ( official ) ; 5% Christianity , Mandaeism ; Judaism , Yarsanism , ; Zoroastrianism , Irreligion and others ;
?????? ???	Iraqi
?????	Federal parliamentary republic
? President	Barham Salih
? Prime Minister	Mustafa Al-Kadhimi
? Speaker	Mohamed al-Halbousi
? Chief Justice	Medhat al-Mahmoud
????	Council of Representatives
Independence from the United Kingdom
? Independence declared	3 October 1932
? Republic declared	14 July 1958
? Current constitution	15 October 2005
???????
? ???	438,317 km 2 (169,235 sq mi) (58th)
? ?? (%)	4.62 (as of 2015)
?????
? ???? ???????	40,222,503 ( 36th )
? ?????	82.7/km 2 (214.2/sq mi) ( 125th )
GDP ( PPP )	???? ???????
? ???	$413.316 billion ( 46 )
? Per capita	$10,175 ( 111th )
GDP (nominal)	???? ???????
? ???	$250.070 billion ( 48th )
? Per capita	$4,474 ( 97th )
???? (2012)	29.5 ; low
???? ????? ?? (HDI) (????)	0.674 ; medium · 123rd
???	Iraqi dinar ( IQD )
??? ???????	UTC +3 ( AST )
???? ????	right
??????? ???	+964
???????? ?????? (TLD)	.iq
	Constitution of Iraq, Article 4 (1st). ;

???? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ??? ??. ???? ????????? ????? ??????? ??? ????? , ????????? ?????? ??? ?????? , ???????? ?????? ??? ???????? ???? ??. ?????? ??????? ?? ??????? ?????? ?? ??? ??. ???? ??? ????? ????? ?? ????? ???? ?? ?? ???? ???????? ???? ???? ???? ?? ??? ??. ???? ???????? ? ?????????????? ?????????? ??? ??? ???.

?????? ????????? ?????????? ??? ??? ?????? ????????? ???????? ?????? ??. ????? ??????? ????? ??? (????? ??? ????) ??? ?? ??????? ???????? ??? ??????, ??? ?????? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ??? ????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ???. ????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ??? ?? ???? ??? ???? ???? ????? ??? ??????? (??????? ?????????)??? ???????? ???? ??? ????. ?????????? ????????? ?????????? ?????? ?????? ???? ???????? ????? ??.

??????? ????? ????? ???? , ?????? ??? ??? ???? ???? ????? ??. ?????? ????? ???????? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ???? ?? ??, ?????????? ????? ?? ?????????? ?????? ??? ?????.

?????? [ ?????? ??? ]

?????? ???????? ???? ??????? ??? ??? ?????????? ???. ???? ?.??. ?????? ?????????? ???????? ? ?????????? ???-???? ??? ???. ? ??? ???????, ??????? ??? ???????? ?????? ? ????? ?????????? ??????? ??? ?? ???? ???????? ?????? ??? ??. ???? ????? ???? ? ?? ?? ?????? ????? ????????? ???? ???. ? ????? ???????, ???? ??? ???? ?????????? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ??. ???? ????? ????? ????? ?? ?? ???????????? (?????? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ??? ????????? ???????)?? ??????? ???????? ??? ????? ?????????? ?????????? ???????? ??? ??. ?????? ??????? ?????????? ??? ????? ?????? ???????? ????? ?.??. ??????? ??? ???. ? ????? ??????? (???? ?????? ???????? ?? ?????? ??) ??? ???? ??????????? ???????? ???? ???? ???????? ???????? ??? ??. ???? ????????? ????????? ? ????? ???????? ?????? ??? ??, ????? ????? ??????? ??????????? ? ??? ??????? ???? ??? ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?? ??. ? ?????? ?????? ??? ??????????? (??? ? ????? ???????? ????) ????????? (??????? ??? ?????)??? ???-???? ????? ?? ??????? ?????????? ???? ??.

?????? ?????? (????????) ??????? ??????? ??? ??. ?????? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ???. ????? ????? ??? ????? ??????????? ????? ?????? ???? ?? ????? ??? ????. ???????? ?.??. ?????? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ?? ???? ????????? ????? ????? ??????????? ??? ?????. ? ??? ????? ??-??? ?? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ???????? ????? ???????? ??????. ??????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??? ?? ??? (??.???) ?????? ?? ?????? ??????? ???? ????.

?????? [ ?????? ??? ]

? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ?????? (??. ???) ?????? ??? ?????? ??????? ??? ???. ???? ?? ?? ?????? ???????? ?? ???? ??? ?????? ????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ??? ????. ? ??????? ????????? ??????? ??? ????. ???????? ???????? ????????? ????????????? ??????? ????????. ???????? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ??? ???????? ????? ????? ???? ????. ??. ??????? ??????? ? ????? ?? ????? ??? ????. ????? ????? ??????? ????? ??? ???????????? ???? ???????.

??????? ?????? (?????) ? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ??????? ????????. ????? ??? ?????? ???? ??? ??? ?????? ????? ????? ??? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ?????. ????? ???? ????????? ???????. ??? ????? ???? ??? ??? ?????? ??????? ????? ?????? ?? ?? ?? ?????????? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ???????? ?????.

?????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????? ????????? ??? ????????? ??????? ??? ??. ????? ??? ???????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ??? ??? ???. ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ?????, ?? ??? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ???? ??????? ????? ?? ????????. ??? ??????? ?????????? ???? ?? ?????? ??????? ???? ?? ?????? ????? ??? ???? ????? ??? ????? ??? ?? ????????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??? ???.

??? ??????? ?????? ????? ???? ??.

????? [ ?????? ??? ]

???? ?? ?? ????????? ????? ??. ??? ??????? ???????? ??? ?????? ??? ??????? ??? ??. ???? ????? ? ??????? ?? -

??? ??????? ?????? ???? ?????????????? ??? ??, ?????? ??????? ????? ??? ??.

?????? [ ?????? ??? ]

↑ ^?.? ^?.? "Iraq, Ministry of Interior ? General Directorate for Nationality: Iraqi Constitution (2005)" (PDF) . ??? (PDF) ????? 4 March 2011 ?? ????????.
↑ ^?.? ^?.? ?????? ??????: ?????? <ref> ???; cia????? ?????? ???? ??? ?? ??????? ???
↑ "Why Iraqi Turkmens are excluded from the new government" .
↑ "Iraqi religions" . www.state.gov . OFFICE OF INTERNATIONAL RELIGIOUS FREEDOM. 12 May 2021. The constitution establishes Islam as the official religion and states no law may be enacted contradicting the “established provisions of Islam.” It provides for freedom of religious belief and practice for all individuals, including Muslims, Christians, Yezidis, and Sabean-Mandeans, but does not explicitly mention followers of other religions or atheists.
↑ "Surface water and surface water change" . Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) . ?????? 11 October 2020 .
↑ "Population, total ? Iraq | Data" .
↑ "Report for Selected Countries and Subjects" .
↑ "World Economic Outlook Database, October 2020" . IMF.org . International Monetary Fund . ?????? 14 March 2020 .
↑ ^?.? ^?.? "World Economic Outlook Database, October 2018" . IMF.org . International Monetary Fund . ?????? 7 March 2019 .
↑ "World Bank GINI index" . Data.worldbank.org . ?????? 17 August 2016 .
↑ Human Development Report 2020 The Next Frontier: Human Development and the Anthropocene (PDF) . United Nations Development Programme. 15 December 2020. ????? 343?346. ISBN 978-92-1-126442-5 . ?????? 16 December 2020 .

????? ???? [ ?????? ??? ]

??????? ??????????? ???? .

[Constitution-1] ?.? ^?.? "Iraq, Ministry of Interior ? General Directorate for Nationality: Iraqi Constitution (2005)" (PDF) . ??? (PDF) ????? 4 March 2011 ?? ????????.

[cia-2] ?.? ^?.? ?????? ??????: ?????? <ref> ???; cia????? ?????? ???? ??? ?? ??????? ???

[3] "Why Iraqi Turkmens are excluded from the new government" .

[4] "Iraqi religions" . www.state.gov . OFFICE OF INTERNATIONAL RELIGIOUS FREEDOM. 12 May 2021. The constitution establishes Islam as the official religion and states no law may be enacted contradicting the “established provisions of Islam.” It provides for freedom of religious belief and practice for all individuals, including Muslims, Christians, Yezidis, and Sabean-Mandeans, but does not explicitly mention followers of other religions or atheists.

[5] "Surface water and surface water change" . Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) . ?????? 11 October 2020 .

[Iraq-population-6] "Population, total ? Iraq | Data" .

[imf3-7] "Report for Selected Countries and Subjects" .

[imf4-8] "World Economic Outlook Database, October 2020" . IMF.org . International Monetary Fund . ?????? 14 March 2020 .

[imf2-9] ?.? ^?.? "World Economic Outlook Database, October 2018" . IMF.org . International Monetary Fund . ?????? 7 March 2019 .

[10] "World Bank GINI index" . Data.worldbank.org . ?????? 17 August 2016 .

[11] Human Development Report 2020 The Next Frontier: Human Development and the Anthropocene (PDF) . United Nations Development Programme. 15 December 2020. ????? 343?346. ISBN 978-92-1-126442-5 . ?????? 16 December 2020 .

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