Nelson Manndelaa

?ii aadama

Jinsu	damngel
?ii-leydiyankaaku	Sawdafirika
Inditirde	Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela
Sooma	Rolihllahla Mandela
Innde	Nelson
Family name	Mandela
?uubi daygo	18 Morso 1918
?oforde	Mvezo
Date of death	5 Bowte 2013
Place of death	Houghton Estate
Cause of death	respiratory disease
Place of burial	Qunu
Father	Gadla Henry Mphakanyiswa
Mother	Nosekeni Fanny
Dee/goriiwo	Evelyn Mase , Winnie Madikizela-Mandela , Graca Machel
Marude	Makgatho Mandela , Makaziwe Mandela , Zenani Mandela-Dlamini , Thembekile Mandela , Zindzi Mandela
Relative	Ndileka Mandela
?emngal	Xhosa
Wolde	Inngilisjo , Xhosa
Writing language	Inngilisjo
Place of detention	Robben Island , Pollsmoor prison , Drakenstein Correctional Centre
Position held	President of South Africa , Secretary General of the Non-Aligned Movement , member of the National Assembly of South Africa
Educated at	University of the Witwatersrand , University of Fort Hare , University of South Africa , University of London
Residence	Houghton Estate
Work location	Sawdafirika
Member of political party	African National Congress , South African Communist Party
Candidacy in election	1994 South African presidential elections
Diina	Methodism
Participant in	World Economic Forum Annual Meeting 1992
Notable work	Long Walk to Freedom
Memba en	American Academy of Arts and Sciences
Influenced by	Luis Taruc
Present in work	Live and Let Live
Laawol ngol laamu anndani	https://www.nelsonmandela.org
Hashtag	Madiba
Copyright representative	reproduction right not represented by CISAC member
Has works in the collection	The Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art
Copyright status as a creator	works protected by copyrights
Artist files at	SAPA Foundation, Swiss Archive of the Performing Arts
Documentation files at	SAPA Foundation, Swiss Archive of the Performing Arts
Has list	list of awards and honours bestowed upon Nelson Mandela

Nelson Rolihlahla Manndelaa lollir?o Madibaa mo winndere ndee kala woyata hannde oo, pollunoo?o laamuyel paltoor to Afrik worgo, welditini ?esngu mum, jibinaa ko nyalde 18 Morse 1918; o faatii ko nyalde 5 Bowte 2013 to Johanesburg , woni o wuurii duu?i 95 (heen 27 e lebbi 6 e bal?e 6 ko e kasoo.) O ?uri lollirde ko darnde makko ngam rim?inde e ha?aade senndindiral le??i to Afrik Worgo hono ko anndiraa apartaayd woni nju??udi politik tuugiindi e ceerndugol eddaaji le??i.

Nelson Manndelaa naati e parti biyetee?o African National Congress (ko anndiraa ANC) ko e hitaande 1944. Naatni mo heen ko yi?de ha?aade njiimaandi e senndindiral le??i anndiraangal innde apartayd ngal ranee?e tabitintunoo toon e leydi hee.

Caggal nde o janngi haa o woni awokaa, o tawti hare yamyamre luundiinde doos?e apartaayd lelnunoo tuggude hitaande 1948. E hitaande 1951 ko Olivier Tambo e Nelson Manndelaa ngoni ?alee?e idii?e wonde awokaaji e Johanesburg. E hitaande 1952 Manndelaa noddi ‘’defiance campaign’’, woni ‘’kampaan salaare’’ laabi sariya senndindiral le??i, ke??o kaa?tudi nyalde 6 sedto 1952, nalngu ngu ranee?e Afrik worgo cosnoo wuro Cap ngoo ; ko ina tolnoo e ujunnaaje jeetati ceppoowo nanngaa (ina heen Manndelaa ). Laamu nguu wayli sariya jowitii?o e kisal yim?e (public safety act mo 1953) ngam yamirde jowgol wellitaare heeriinde e ardoraade leydi ndii jamirooje, Manndelaa fawaa kuugal jowal (sursis) lebbi jeenay kasoo, ha?aa tawtoreede batuuji e yaltude galle mum to Johanesurg. Nii woni o yaa?ani yu??inde goomuuji ANC e suu?aare. Oo?oo kampaan addani ANC faggaade ter?e kese, ?alee?e e Innjee'en e ranee?e, nde tawnoo dillere ndee tuugaaki e lenamlenamaagal. Ko e ngaal ?oo daawal Albert Lutuli ardinaa ANC, moo?ondiral joo?ii ngam lelnude dabi dillere luundiinde apartaayd. Oon sahaa Manndelaa e Olivier Tambo ina ngardii kabine awokaaji Manndelaa & Tambo ngam heedande ?alee?e ?e mbaawaa yo?de fereeji awokaaji.

?e ndaranii kadi renndinde doole ma??e e ?e parti kominist leydi ndii. Oon sahaa noon ko sariya biyetee?o ≪Suppression communist act ≫ ko nii siforii kominist : “kala jiylii?o wa?de mbayliigu politik walla faggudu, walla renndo rewrude e peeje ?e ndewaani laawol”. Ndaa laawol toon e oon sahaa ko laawol senndindiral le??i e kii?al ?alee?e. Kam?e fof ha?toraade ndeen fenaande peeje jamyame, ha?aani Manndelaa e capan?e njoyo e jeegomo wo??e nanngeede nalnde 5 Bowte 1956 e takkeede jamfa. Caggal naawoore juutnde (1957-1961), ?e ngoppitaa, caggal ?uum ?e la??inaa.

Tuggi 1952 haa 1959, ANC, e gardagol Albert Lutuli e Olivier Tambo e Walter Sisulu, ngam arditaade dille lenameeje ?alee?e, tii?tinii jokkondiral mum e pellon politik ranee?e, e le??i go??i ko nanndi e innjee'en. Yoga e ?een lenamee?e njalti ANC e hitaande 1959 ngam sosde fedde wiyeteende Congres panafricain (PAC) e gardagol e Robert Sobukwe.

Ko ndeen Fedde PAC noddunoo diinno ngam salaade jaajtingol kuule ≪?paaspoor nder leydi?≫ e rew?e. Poliseeji pelli ?e, mbari 79 ne??o, ngaani ko ina ?ura 140 ne??o. Woni ko anndiraa warngo Shaperville. ?um wa?noo ko nalnde 21 morse 1960. Ko ndeen laamu apartaayd felliti ha?de ANC e PAC.

Caggal nde hare yamyamre ndee ronki jibinde huunde memotoonde, Manndelaa sosani fedde ndee konu (catal koninkeewal) hono Umkhonto we Sizwe (Labbo Ngenndi) e hitaande 1961. Ndeen fedde wa?ii golle sabotaas mahaa?e buur walla koninkooje, bonni ?um en.

Manndelaa jagga nalnde 5 ut 1962. Jaggi mo ko polis leydi ndii, e dow jamminoore CIA. O naawaa kasoo gondu?o e golle mbaawnoor kaa?di nguurndam, naawoore yannde nalnde 12 suwee 1964. Ndeen naawoore anndiraa ko naawoore Rivonia. Ko ndeen Manndelaa wiynoo : ≪?Mba?-mi nguurndam am fof ko e ha?anaade ?esngu Afrik. Mi ha?ii e njiimaandi ranee?e, mi ha?ii e njiimaandi ?alee?e. Yi?de am ?urnde tii?de ko renndo rim?ungo, demokaraasiiwo ?o yim?e nguurdi e mbelemma tawa ina poti fartaŋŋeeji. Mi?o ?aminii wuurde ko juuti ngam yottaade ?oon. Kono, mi?o he?anii waasde nguurndam am ngam yottaade ndeen yi?de so ina jojji. ≫

Ko tuugi ndeen o fu??ii lollude, hare ma??e fu??ii anndeede e winndere ndee kala, yim?e e ley?e mba?ti wallitde ?e.

Naawoore Rivonia wa?i ko hakkunde oktoobar 1963 e suwee 1964. Ko hoohoo?e ANC 10 naawetenoo ?oon?: Nelson Manndelaa, Walter Sisulu , Ahmed Kathrada , Govan Mbeki , Dennis Goldberg , Raymon Mhlaba , Lionel Bernstein , James Kantor , Elias Motsoaledi e Andrew Mlangeni . Ina jeyaa e ko ?e njoo?toranoo kadi ja??ugol sariya ka??o marucaagu. Caggal kasoo muus?o, juut?o, sibu ko duu?i 27 e lebbi 6 e bal?e jeegom haa njahdi e naange. O woppitaa, no nganndir-?en ko nalnde 11 feebariyee 1990.

Manndelaa sokanoo ko e duunde ina wiyee Robben Island. Tonngoode makko kasoo ko 46664. O wa?ii toon duu?i 18, omo gollinee e kariyeer lasoo, a?e kela kaa?e… Heew?e e ma??e nawii toon sabu punndi e naange. Nguurndam toon ina muusnoo sanne. Hay e nder kasoo hee, ranee?e ko bannge, ?alee?e ko bannge mum en mba?aa. Sokaa?e ngam miijooji mum'en, hono Manndelaa'en, ko seerndaa?e e sokaa?e ngam warhoore.

Kasoo Robben Island wa?iraa kadi ko helde gerne dummbaa?e toon ?ee. Kono, ?um ?eydi ko tii?tinde fi?nde Manndelaa. E wiyde Ahmed Kathrada mo o sokdanoo toon, Manndelaa, ko woni toon koo fof, mee?aa ja?de ?urnaneede : wonaa to bannge golle, wonaa to bannge comci, tee, kala ko heddii?e ?ee ummanii, ko e mum'en o wondi, ko wayi no geddude (riiwtude) naamde. O mee?aa ja?de ?ooftaade yi?de gardee?e wondu?e e ma??e ?ee noddireede “baas”, woni “patroŋ”. Yoga e jagge ANC ?ur?e mawnude, ja?ataano haaldude walla nii ?eewde reenoo?e ?um'en ?ee, kono Manndelaa kanum ?eewatno ?e, ina sunnoo jikkuuji ma??e. Ko ?um addani mo faamde Afrikaaneer'en ?ee ina ngondi e kulol ?alee?e ?ee salaade renndeede laamu so ngu artii e juu?e mum'en, mbiya ina njoftoo e ma??e kam?e e ?esnguuji ma??e. Ko e kasoo o janngi ?emngal Afrikaan, ngam ?eydaade waawde faamde hakilantaagal ma??e e waawde haaldude e ma??e. To oon bannge omo luurdi e ANC jaggir?o Afrikaneer'en no kolonaal'en nii. E miijo makko ?een ko afriknaa?e no heddii?e ?ee fof nii ; ?ee jiile ina njeyaa e ko addani mo jogaade hakkille maslahaa, naftu?o no feewi e kaaldigal dewngal heen ngal.

Ko Alla e hare ma??e e tii?gol fi?nde ma??e, yantude e ballal winndere ndee, addani ?e dande poolgu. E?en mbaawi siftinde joljole maantin?e e nder ?uum :

Nalnde 6 desaambar 1971 batu kuftodinngu Fedde Ngenndiije Dentu?e yaltini hawraande jaggitoore Apartaayd no war-hoore ne??aagu. E daror?e 1976 laamu nguu wiyi ina woppita mo e sar?i omo ho?oya Transkei. O salii.

16 suwee 1976 sukaa?e Sowetoo pinni ngam salaade waawneede janngude ?emngal Afrikaneer en, konu apartaayd soori e ma??e kure, sukaa?e heew?e col?itii nalnde heen. Steve Biko maw?o fedde ≪ conscience noire ≫ sankii e septaambar 1977 Alla e piggal polis.

E oktoobar ndeen hitaande Goomu Kisal Fedde Ngenndiije ?etti hawraande 417 ≪?seyfitoore laamu anamngureewu Afrik worgo ≫, ?a??i kadi goppitgol denndaangal ≪ yim?e sokraa?e sabu laabi fenaande kisal Dowla ≫, hollitoore ≪?luundagol mum apartaayd?≫.

Hawraande 418 ?ettaande e lewru noowammbar ha?i njeeygu ka?ir?e feewde Afrik worgo (ammbargo).

Nelson Manndelaa e huunde e yahdii?e njonaa, hay gooto yottotaako ?um'en, wonaa hay jaaynde, kala kaal?o ko faati e ma??e, ha?ee yaltude. Gila o naati kasoo, ko e 1979 (duu?i 15 caggal nde o nanngaa) yitere fawtii e jom-suudu makko, hono Winnii naatnoo?o kasoo kam ne.

E lewru marse 1982 Manndelaa faatinaa kasoo goo?o (Pollsmoor), saraaji wuro CAP. Ina wiyee ko ngam wo??itinde mo sukaa?e hes?e soketee?e toon ?ee, sibu tawi kasoo wa?tii noddireede ≪?iniwersitee Manndelaa?≫ . Kono ardii?e laamu apartaayd e oon sahaa mbiyi, wa?i mo ?allitineede ?oon ko mbele ina newna jokkondiral cuu?ingal (kaaldigal) e makko.

Ko waawnoo heen wonde fof, e lewru feebariyee 1985, Pieter Willem Botha, felliti yaltinde Manndelaa wondude e sar?i ANC ina woppa hare njogitaari. Kono ndeen, ministeruuji makko ?ii fof calinooma ?uum. Kono ?e mbonnii Pulaar ma??e, sibu Manndelaa wiyi yi?aa. E ?ataake mo o rewni e juu?e ?iyiiko debbo biyetee?o Zindzi o wiyi heen “Hol ko firti ndee wellitaare ndokketee-mi so tawii fedde ?esngu ina lutti ha?eede”. Ko e ndeen hitaande Botha firti sariyaaji jowitii?i e leseepaasee kam e ka?gol dewle hakkunde ?e njiidaa le??i. Kono Manndelaa ina yawnoo ?uum, o jokki, kanko e ANC (gonnoo?o e suu?aare), ?a??ude “ne??o gooto daande wootere” (un homme, une voix).

Jokkondiral gadanal hakkunde Nelson Manndelaa e guwarnama apartaayd wa?i ko e lewru noowammbar 1985. E duu?i nay dew?i heen ?ii kadi jokkondire go??e mba?ii hakkunde ma??e, jogor?e wonde nda??udi jeewte paa?e, kono ronkaa yo ge?e ?ee ?os. E hitaande 1986 Manndelaa egginaa oon kasoo, sokaa e galle (wilaa) e nokku gon?o 60 kiloomeeteer saraaji CAP.

Ko Manndelaa sokaa koo fof, winndere ndee ina ?eydoo daranaade goppitgol makko kam e ittugol apartaayde. Kaa?tudi majjum ko hiirde wa?noonde e suwee 1988 to Wembly, nde naalankoo?e heew?e winndere ndee tawtoraa, nde fotde teemedere miliyoŋ njee?i e teleeji mum en, nder 67 leydi ; hiirde hollittunoonde kasoo Manndelaa e kii?al pawingal e ?esngu Afrik worgo. E miijo ANC nii ko kayre yaawni goppitgol Manndelaa , sibu, nalnde 7 desaambar 1988, o yamiraa hootde galle makko, kono tawa o yaltataa ?um. E 1989 o winndi Pieter Botha , o wiyi ?um : ≪ wonaa goppitgol am ?uri himmude ≫, ≪ musiiba oo ko leydi pecciindi pecce ?i?i ganondir?e, barondirooje ≫, o wiyi ≪ nji?-mi ko yo pelle ?i?i ?ur?e mawnude e leydi ndii kaaldu ≫, ?een ngoni ANC e laamu Apartaayd. O haali to??e ?ur?e teeŋtude pot?e yeewteede ?ee : ≪?go’o, tabintingol doosgal keewndi e nder dowla gooti??o ; ?i?i, kulhuli ranee?e leydi ndii mbaawi jogaade e ?uum?≫. Nalnde 5 suwee 1989 ?e potti to galle Botha. Kono e daawal hakkunde ngal, o rafaa, de Klerk lomtii mo e ngardiigu laamu nguu.

Nalnde 15 oktoobar 1989 de Klerk yaltini hoohoo?e ANC njee?i?o, wa??e, gooto heen fof, duu?i 25 e kasoo. Ina e ?een biyetee?o Walteer Sisulu. E noowammbar Manndelaa wiyi “e hoohoo?e ranee?e ?e o mee?noo yeewtidde ?ee fof, ko de Klerk ?uri hellifeede e nuun?ude”. De Klerk ne habri goppitgol Manndelaa nalnde 2 feebariyee 1990. e konngol ?ettunoo to parlamaan. O habri ke?tingol ANC kam e pelle go??e luundinoo?e Apartaayd.

E konngol makko nalnde o woppitaa ndee, o hunii gollanaade jam e dee?re e beldital e ranee?e leydi ndii, kono o wiyi ?e njo??inaani petelaaji. Sibu o wiyi "wa?i min ?ettude fetel e hitaande 1960, nde min cosi catal konu ANC ko yi?de dartaade Apartaayd. Ndaa ge?e gaddannoo?e min ?ettude fetel ?ee, ina lutti woodde haa hannde. Alaa no min mba?ata so wonaa jokkude hare. A min njaakorii noon maa weeyo henaniingo maslahaa dane ko ?ooyaani. Oon sahaa jogaade fetel alaa ko firtata”.

O wiyi kadi faandaare makko rowrowre ko ?alee?e ?ur?e heewde e leydi hee ?ee, ke? hakke woote. Nalnde 26 feebariyee 1990, o wiyi yim?e makko ≪?Mberlo-?ee petelaaji mon, la?e mon, jaasiiji mon e jammbe mon nder geec ≫, ?um ko yi?noode dee?nude hakkunde ANC e Guwarnama oo, kono kadi hakkunde ANC e Linkataa mo Butelesi.

Caggal ?uum, nde jeewte mba?aa ngam lelnude doos?e leydi kese, ANC jo??ini petelaaji e hitaande 1994 caggal nde nanondiral danaa. E daawal hakkunde ngal, e sulyee 1991, Manndelaa ardinaa ANC, lomtii Oliwiyee Tammboo gardinoo?o ?um gila 1969. Ko e ngaal daawal o yahi Kubaa (sulyee 1991) ngam salminde Fidel Kastroo. Ko oon wiynoo “Nelson Manndelaa ko ganndaa?o, kormaa?o, mo miliyoŋaaji limlimtin?i ne??o e winndere ndee korsini”. “so o?on njiyloo ne??o nuun?u?o, on mbaawaa dande ko ?uri Manndelaa . So o?on njiyloo ne??o ŋeer?o fi?nde, jaambaaro, teey?o, peertu?o, ?o??o, kattan?o, on ndanataa ko ?uri Mandelaa”. “Mi?o goong?ini o jeyaa ko e maa?e ?ur?e haawnaade yonta men oo”.

Nalnde 17 marse 1992, De klerk he?i hoolaare ranee?e, ko ndeen o wiyi ranee?e ?ee e koye mum ≪?pellitii uddude deftere apartaayd≫.

Jeewte ina njokki, haa nde Manndelaa e De klerk ndokkaa njeenaari Nobel e hitaande 1993, sabu winndere ndee he?tinde ko ?e ngollantoo yo jam dane koo. Hay so noon sahaa e sahaa fof won ge?e tel?inooje darnde ma??e, ko wayi no boneeji ba?noo?i toon e sulyee 1992 walla warngo Chris Hani, gooto e ardii?e parti maruceewo leydi ndii, nalnde 13 abriil 1993. ?um fof e wayde noon nanondiral danaa yo woote ku?todin?e gadane nju??ine nalnde 27 abriil 1994.

Heddii noon wa?de feere mbele se??itii?e banngeeji ?i?i ?ii fof (ranee?e rasiste'en ?e nji?aa jam, e ?alee?e huutortee?e ?e nji?aa jam hono Inkata mo Gatsa Butelesi). Haa teeŋti noon e Butelesi mo ?e?aani yortaade, sibu o ja?i jeytoreede e woote hee tan ko tawi heddiima bal?e 7, tawi Manndelaa wiyi ina he?ii e sujjande mo, mbele jam na danee.

Nde woote mba?aa, Manndelaa to??aa yo ardo leydi ndii (62,6%). Nii woni o sompi guwarnama gootaagu ngenndi denndinnoo?o ANC e Parti Nasiyonaal e Inkata Freedom Party. Tabo Mbekki e Frederik De klerk ngoni sukku?e. E nder diskuur piilngal makko Manndelaa hoolliti weltaare mum e pirtagol apartaayd e ≪?jibenegol renndo ngo winndere ndee fof weltanii?≫ kam e ≪?ngenndi timtimol mbelditndi e hoore mum, mbelditndi e aduna?≫. O holliti heen ge?e garwaniije manndaa makko so ha?de e baasal e paltooraaji. Hankati heddii Manndelaa ina ?ooroo see?a see?a laamu sibu tuggi 1996 ko Thabo Mbekki o woppiri ngardiigu fiyakuuji leydi ndii; e hitaande 1997 o woppi ngardiigu ANC. Nde o joofni manndaa makko gadano, o woppi laamu. Ko e hitaande 1999. O ?etti altered kono o joo?aaki, sibu o naati ko e gollanaade renndo ngoo haa arti e ha?de e nawu SIDA tee omo rokkaa faayiida maw?o e fiyakuuji winndere ndee.

Mbaawka haaldeede e welditeede

Mandelaa, gila ina woni nder kasoo yaltaani tawi yenanaama wonde feere wootere waawnde da?ndude leydi ndii ko kaaldigal e beldital. Oon sahaa noon, nalnde kala ko maay?e sabu pel?ondire hakkunde laamu apartaayd e ter?e ANC. E miijo Manndelaa ≪?ngam nifde hare hakkunde ne??o e gano mum, alaa e sago ne??o ja?a haaldude e oon gano, ?e ngollodoo ngam wa?de jam ≫.

E nder jo?nde teeŋtunde hakkunde ANC e senerooji konu Afrik worgo kam e sarwisaaji nukkintoo?i, Nelson Mandelaa wiyi ?e ≪ So tawii ko wolde nji?-?on, mi suu?ataa on nii wonde min mbaawaa dartaade on. Min ngalanaa ?um hattan. Kono, maa wolde ndee juut, nde metta, maay?e keewa, tee leydi ndii ina waawi wontude mboorndi, yi??a heen. Kono, woto njejjitee ge?e ?i?i : On mbaawaa foolde min sibu a min keewi : on mbaawaa warde min minen fof. On mbaawaa foolde min sibu aduna oo ja?ataa ?um. Ma ?e njantu e amen kam?e fof, ?e mballa min ≫. Ndeen o haalii ?um, o ?eewondiri e seneraal Constand Viljoen, gooto e ma??e fof faami wonde ina hatojini e go??o oo. E wiyde binndoowo gooto Afrik worgonaajo biyetee?o Njabulo Ndebele, ko ngal?oo gostondiral miijo woni sabaabu cosgol Goomu Goonga e Beldital. O tonngi, o wiyi ≪ Kala ?o maslahaa danaa, tawata ko wa?doo?e ?ee, gooto heen fof ina he?ii e woppude paandaale mum ?e ngaa?notaako, gooto e ma??e fof gollanoo nanondiral naftowal ?e kam?e fof ≫.

E miijo Manndelaa , ndimaagu ?alee?e fotaani wontude njiyaagu hii?noo?e ?ee, sibu nguun ndimaagu alaa nafoore, nde tawnoo ≪?ndimaagu am timmaataa so tawii mi ha?ii go??o rim?ude. Kii?aa?o e kii??o fof ngonaa rim?e ≫. Alaa e sago ranee?e ?ee njenanee kii?etaake so tawii ?alee?e ?ee laamiima. Ko e oo sifaa tan kaaldigal ngal waawirta yuumtude. ≪ Goonga oo, ko en cuwaa tawo rim?ude, en njettiima noon ndimaagu rim?ude, en ke?ii hakke waasde hii?eede… Wa?i noon, ≪?Ndimaagu wonaa tan seertude e ?oggi, kono ko wuurde tawa ina hormii, ina tii?tina ndimaagu wo??e.?≫

Kaaldigal wonaa tan termondirde e gano mum, kono kadi ko waasde ta?ondirde e sehilaa?e mum ?ooy?e ?e winndere ndee niŋatnoo. Yeru, nde Bil Kilinton ari Afrik worgo e hitaande 1998, Nelson Manndelaa siftinii mo wonde Dental Amerik wallittunoo ndeen ko Apartaayd, tawi wo??e ina mballita hare luulndiinde apartaayd. Manndelaa wiyi ≪?gooto e hooree?e ley?e mo ngadii-mi bismaade ?oo ko Fidel Kastoroo … mi bismii ma kadi Muammaar Kaddaafi . Wa?i mi wa?de ?um, ko e aada amen, woppude wallitnoo?e ma e saanga nde ngon-?aa e ca?eele ?ur?e mawnude e nguurndam, ko huunde soofnde ≫.