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????? ?? ??? ?? ??????? ???? ????? ????????. ?????? ????? ???? ?? ??? ?? ???? ?? ???????? ??? ?? ????? ?? ?? ???? ????? ???? ????? ????? ^[??] ? ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ?????? ? ???? ???? ???? ????? ???. ^[??] ????? ?????? ?????????? ?? ????????? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ? ???????? ????? ?? ?? ???? ????? ??????. ??? ??? ??????? ? ?????????? ????? ????? ??? ?? ??? ???? ≪?? ?? ????? ?? ??? ??? ?? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ???.≫ ^[??] ?? ??? ????? ????? ????? ???? ??? ????? ?? ???? ??????? ????? ?? ????? ??? ? ????? ???? ?? ?? ?? ???? ????.

????????? ???? ??????? ?? ??????? ???? ???? ??? ?? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ????????? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ?????. ^[??]^[??]??? ??????? ?????? ???? ??? ?? ??/? ???? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ?? ≪????≫ ????????. ?? ?? ???? ??? ?? ??? ????? ?? ????????? ???? ???? ?? ????? ???????? ≪??? ??? ??? ????? ????≫. ^[??] ?? ???? ??????? ????? ?? ???? ??????? ????? ???? ????? ????? ?? ???? ????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ???? ??? ????? ?? ???? ???????? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ????? ????? ?? ????? ?? ????? ?? ????? ???????? ????????. ^[??]

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↑ ^??? ^??? Turkey condemns violence as Assad's helicopters open fire The Telegraph, 10 June 2011.
↑ ^??? ^??? Manna, Haytham (22 June 2012). "Syria's opposition has been led astray by violence" . The Guardian . London . Retrieved 24 October 2012 .
↑ ^??? ^??? Mackey, Robert. "Syria News" . New York Times . Retrieved 2 August 2012 .
↑ "Turkey Launches Fresh Incursion into Syria" . The Wall Street Journal . 3 September 2016 . Retrieved 3 September 2016 .
↑ "Turkey Strikes Islamic State And Kurds in Syria" . Sky News. 23 August 2016.
↑ "Turkey sends tanks into northern Syria" . BBC. 24 August 2016.
↑ "Turkey shells Syria's Afrin region, minister says operation has begun" . Reuters . 19 January 2018 . Retrieved 19 January 2018 .
↑ McKernan, Bethan (9 October 2019). "Turkey launches military operation in northern Syria" . The Guardian .
↑ Sydow, Christoph (14 October 2017). "Syrien: Willkommen in der turkischen Besatzungszone" [Syria: Welcome to the Turkish occupation zone]. Spiegel Online . Retrieved 2 January 2018 .
↑ Sirwan Kajjo (2 March 2017). "Skirmishes Mar Fight Against IS in Northern Syria" . Voice of America . Turkish occupation "is an existential threat to the Assad government's ability to reclaim the entirety of its territory, which is a key argument that regime loyalists make in their support of Bashar al-Assad's government," Heras said.
↑ Robert Fisk (29 March 2017). "In northern Syria, defeated Isis fighters leave behind only scorched earth, trenches ? and a crucifixion stand" . The Independent . You can’t mistake the front line between the Syrian army and Turkey’s occupation force east of Aleppo.
↑ Turkey tells Syria's Assad: Step down! Reuters, 22 November 2011.
↑ "Syrian dissidents convene in Turkey to discuss regime change" . France 24 . Agence France-Presse. 1 June 2011 . Retrieved 20 October 2011 .
↑ Karam, Zeina (5 October 2011). "Syrian dissident colonel takes refuge in Turkey" . The Guardian . Beirut. Associated Press . Retrieved 20 October 2011 .
↑ Epatko, Larisa (15 November 2012). "Syria and Turkey: A Complex Relationship" . PBS NewsHour . Retrieved 15 November 2012 .
↑ ^???? ^???? Yayan, ?brahim (2019-09-11). "Metropoll ara?tırdı: Her dort ki?iden ucu iktidarın Suriyeli politikasını onaylamıyor, uc ki?iden biri "Sava? surse bile geri gonderilsinler" diyor" . Medyascope (?? ???? ?????????) . Retrieved 2022-12-19 .
↑ "Three-quarters of Turks disapprove of government's Syrian refugee policy ? poll" . Ahval (?? ???????). 12 September 2019. Archived from the original on 24 September 2019 . Retrieved 24 September 2019 .
↑ ≪Public support for Turkey's Syria offensive at 79 percent: Poll≫ . EnglishDuvar (?? ???? ?????????). ????-??-?? . ?????????? ?? ????-??-?? .
↑ "[Syria for dummies]: Internal actors (1)" . Today's Zaman. Archived from the original on 18 February 2016 . Retrieved 17 February 2016 .
↑ Morris, Chris (2005). " Introduction ". The New Turkey . London: Granta Books . pp. 1?10 . ISBN 1-86207-865-3 .
↑ "Syria's opposition has been led astray by violence | Haytham Manna" . the Guardian (?? ???????). 2012-06-22 . Retrieved 2022-12-19 .
↑ "Assad regrets downing of Turkish jet, says won't allow open combat with Ankara" . Al Arabiya English (?? ???????). 2012-07-03 . Retrieved 2022-12-19 .
↑ ≪Syrian military says it downed Turkish fighter jet≫ (?? ???????). BBC News. ????-??-?? . ?????????? ?? ????-??-?? .

[condemn-1] ??? ^??? Turkey condemns violence as Assad's helicopters open fire The Telegraph, 10 June 2011.

[manna-2] ??? ^??? Manna, Haytham (22 June 2012). "Syria's opposition has been led astray by violence" . The Guardian . London . Retrieved 24 October 2012 .

[NYT_Topic:_Syria1-3] ??? ^??? Mackey, Robert. "Syria News" . New York Times . Retrieved 2 August 2012 .

[wsjplan-4] "Turkey Launches Fresh Incursion into Syria" . The Wall Street Journal . 3 September 2016 . Retrieved 3 September 2016 .

[5] "Turkey Strikes Islamic State And Kurds in Syria" . Sky News. 23 August 2016.

[bbc-tanks-6] "Turkey sends tanks into northern Syria" . BBC. 24 August 2016.

[Nurettin-7] "Turkey shells Syria's Afrin region, minister says operation has begun" . Reuters . 19 January 2018 . Retrieved 19 January 2018 .

[Guardian-2019-8] McKernan, Bethan (9 October 2019). "Turkey launches military operation in northern Syria" . The Guardian .

[Spiegel-Occupation-9] Sydow, Christoph (14 October 2017). "Syrien: Willkommen in der turkischen Besatzungszone" [Syria: Welcome to the Turkish occupation zone]. Spiegel Online . Retrieved 2 January 2018 .

[VOA-occupation-10] Sirwan Kajjo (2 March 2017). "Skirmishes Mar Fight Against IS in Northern Syria" . Voice of America . Turkish occupation "is an existential threat to the Assad government's ability to reclaim the entirety of its territory, which is a key argument that regime loyalists make in their support of Bashar al-Assad's government," Heras said.

[Independent-occupation-11] Robert Fisk (29 March 2017). "In northern Syria, defeated Isis fighters leave behind only scorched earth, trenches ? and a crucifixion stand" . The Independent . You can’t mistake the front line between the Syrian army and Turkey’s occupation force east of Aleppo.

[12] Turkey tells Syria's Assad: Step down! Reuters, 22 November 2011.

[13] "Syrian dissidents convene in Turkey to discuss regime change" . France 24 . Agence France-Presse. 1 June 2011 . Retrieved 20 October 2011 .

[14] Karam, Zeina (5 October 2011). "Syrian dissident colonel takes refuge in Turkey" . The Guardian . Beirut. Associated Press . Retrieved 20 October 2011 .

[Dif_relationship_against_Assad-15] Epatko, Larisa (15 November 2012). "Syria and Turkey: A Complex Relationship" . PBS NewsHour . Retrieved 15 November 2012 .

[:0-16] ???? ^???? Yayan, ?brahim (2019-09-11). "Metropoll ara?tırdı: Her dort ki?iden ucu iktidarın Suriyeli politikasını onaylamıyor, uc ki?iden biri "Sava? surse bile geri gonderilsinler" diyor" . Medyascope (?? ???? ?????????) . Retrieved 2022-12-19 .

[17] "Three-quarters of Turks disapprove of government's Syrian refugee policy ? poll" . Ahval (?? ???????). 12 September 2019. Archived from the original on 24 September 2019 . Retrieved 24 September 2019 .

[18] ≪Public support for Turkey's Syria offensive at 79 percent: Poll≫ . EnglishDuvar (?? ???? ?????????). ????-??-?? . ?????????? ?? ????-??-?? .

[19] "[Syria for dummies]: Internal actors (1)" . Today's Zaman. Archived from the original on 18 February 2016 . Retrieved 17 February 2016 .

[20] Morris, Chris (2005). " Introduction ". The New Turkey . London: Granta Books . pp. 1?10 . ISBN 1-86207-865-3 .

[21] "Syria's opposition has been led astray by violence | Haytham Manna" . the Guardian (?? ???????). 2012-06-22 . Retrieved 2022-12-19 .

[22] "Assad regrets downing of Turkish jet, says won't allow open combat with Ankara" . Al Arabiya English (?? ???????). 2012-07-03 . Retrieved 2022-12-19 .

[23] ≪Syrian military says it downed Turkish fighter jet≫ (?? ???????). BBC News. ????-??-?? . ?????????? ?? ????-??-?? .

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