American day of commemoration
National Pearl Harbor Remembrance Day
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Date
| December 7
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Frequency
| Annual
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National Pearl Harbor Remembrance Day
, also referred to as
Pearl Harbor Remembrance Day
or
Pearl Harbor Day
, is observed annually in the
United States
on December 7, to remember and honor the 2,403 Americans who were killed in the Japanese surprise
attack on Pearl Harbor
in Hawaii on December 7, 1941, which led to the
United States declaring war on Japan
the next day and thus entering
World War II
.
In 1994, the
United States Congress
, by
Pub. L.
Tooltip Public Law (United States)
103?308
, 108
Stat.
1169
, designated December 7 of each year as National Pearl Harbor Remembrance Day.
[1]
The joint resolution was signed by President
Bill Clinton
on August 23, 1994. It became
36 U.S.C.
§ 129
(Patriotic and National Observances and Ceremonies) of the
United States Code
.
[2]
On November 29, Clinton issued a proclamation declaring December 7, 1994, the first National Pearl Harbor Remembrance Day.
[3]
On Pearl Harbor Day, the
American flag
should be flown at half-staff until sunset to honor those who died as a result of the attack on U.S. military forces in Hawaii.
[4]
Pearl Harbor Day is not a federal holiday ? government offices, schools, and businesses do not close. Some organizations may hold special events in memory of those killed or injured at Pearl Harbor.
[4]
Attack on Pearl Harbor
[
edit
]
On Sunday morning, December 7, 1941, the
Imperial Japanese Navy Air Service
attacked the
neutral
United States at
Naval Station Pearl Harbor
near
Honolulu
,
Hawaii
, killing 2,403 Americans and injuring 1,178 others. The attack sank four
U.S. Navy
battleships
and damaged four others. It also damaged three
cruisers
, three
destroyers
, and one
minelayer
. Aircraft losses were 188 destroyed and 159 damaged.
Aftermath
[
edit
]
Canada declared war on Japan within hours of the attack on Pearl Harbor,
[5]
the first Western nation to do so. On December 8, the United States declared war on Japan and entered World War II on the side of
the Allies
. In a speech to Congress, President
Franklin D. Roosevelt
called the bombing of Pearl Harbor "
a date which will live in infamy
."
[4]
[6]
Pearl Harbor and Ford Island historic sites
[
edit
]
In Pearl Harbor:
- The
USS
Arizona
Memorial
in Pearl Harbor is a marble memorial over the sunken battleship
USS
Arizona
, which was dedicated on May 30, 1962 ("
Memorial Day
"), in honor of the 1,177 crew members who were killed. The memorial remembers all military personnel who were killed in the Pearl Harbor attack. Note: This site is open to the public with boat tours to the memorial provided by the US Navy from the visitors center.
- The
USS
Oklahoma
Memorial is in remembrance of a battleship that was sunk which lost 429 men on December 7, 1941.
[7]
- The
USS
Utah
Memorial, is in remembrance of a former battleship that had been converted to a target ship in 1931 (thus, at the time of the Pearl Harbor attack carried the designation of AG-16), that was sunk in the attack on December 7, 1941.
[8]
A memorial to honor the crew including the 58 who died aboard USS
Utah
was dedicated on the northwest shore of
Ford Island
, near the ship's wreck, in 1972. The ship, along with USS
Arizona
, was added to the National Register of Historic Places and declared a National Historic Landmark in 1989.
- The
USS
Bowfin
Submarine Museum and Park is in remembrance of an American submarine that sank 44 ships in World War II.
[9]
Note: This site is adjacent to the
USS
Arizona
Memorial
Visitors Center.
Also on Ford Island. Note: Ford Island remains an active military installation therefore public access is restricted to approved tours, military personnel, military retirees, NOAA personnel and their family members only.
Pearl Harbor tributes
[
edit
]
In 1990, leading up to the 50th anniversary of the attack on Pearl Harbor, Congress established the
Pearl Harbor Commemorative Medal
. This is also known as the Pearl Harbor Survivor's medal and was awarded to anyone who was in the U.S. Armed Forces and who was present in Hawaii on December 7, 1941, and participated in combat operations that day against the attack. The medal was also awarded to civilians who were killed or injured in the attack. A few years later, Congress amended the law to allow any person who was present in
Hawaii
on December 7, 1941, and was involved in combat operations against Japanese military forces attacking Hawaii, to receive the award. In both instances, there was a limited time period to apply for the award, and it is no longer issued.
[13]
See also
[
edit
]
References
[
edit
]
- ^
"Official Guide to Government Information and Services ? USAGov"
.
answers.usa.gov
. Archived from
the original
on July 21, 2011
. Retrieved
April 12,
2018
.
- ^
Clerk of the United States House of Representatives
(August 23, 1994).
"National Pearl Harbor Remembrance Day"
.
United States House of Representatives
.
Washington, D.C.
:
United States Congress
.
Archived
from the original on December 22, 2017
. Retrieved
December 21,
2017
.
- ^
Proclamation 6758
? National Pearl Harbor Remembrance Day, 1994, November 29, 1994
- ^
a
b
c
"Pearl Harbor Remembrance Day in the United States"
.
www.timeanddate.com
.
Archived
from the original on December 8, 2017
. Retrieved
April 12,
2018
.
- ^
"Parliament, The National Defence Act, and the Decisions to Participate"
.
Archived
from the original on December 28, 2014
. Retrieved
December 8,
2014
.
- ^
For the full text of the speech, see
Pearl Harbor speech
- ^
"USS Oklahoma Memorial"
(PDF)
.
Archived
(PDF)
from the original on December 8, 2016
. Retrieved
October 18,
2016
.
- ^
"USS Utah at Pearl Harbor"
. Pearl Harbor Oahu. March 28, 2012.
Archived
from the original on October 19, 2016
. Retrieved
October 18,
2016
.
- ^
"USS Bowfin Submarine"
. Pearl Harbor Historic Sites.
Archived
from the original on November 3, 2016
. Retrieved
October 18,
2016
.
- ^
"Battleship Missouri Memorial"
. Pearl Harbor Historic Sites.
Archived
from the original on October 19, 2016
. Retrieved
October 18,
2016
.
- ^
"Pacific Aviation Museum Pearl Harbor"
. Pearl Harbor Historic Sites.
Archived
from the original on October 19, 2016
. Retrieved
October 18,
2016
.
- ^
"Pacific Aviation Museum Pearl Harbor"
.
Archived
from the original on September 2, 2015
. Retrieved
October 18,
2016
.
- ^
104 Stat. 1721, 110 Stat. 2654
External links
[
edit
]
Holidays, observances, and celebrations in the United States
|
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January
| |
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January?February
| |
---|
February
American Heart Month
Black History Month
|
- Birthday of Luis Munoz Marin
(PR)
- Candlemas
(religious)
- Charles Darwin Day / Darwin Day
(CA, DE)
- Day of Remembrance
(CA, OR, WA, cultural)
- Georgia Day
(GA)
- Groundhog Day
- Imbolc
(religious)
- Lincoln's Birthday
(CA, CT, IL, IN, MO, NY, WV)
- National Girls and Women in Sports Day
- National Freedom Day
(36)
- Nirvana Day
(religious)
- Presentation of Our Lord to the Temple
(religious)
- Promised Reformer Day
(religious)
- Ronald Reagan Day
(CA)
- Rosa Parks Day
(CA, MO)
- Saviours' Day
(religious)
- Susan B. Anthony Day
(CA, FL, NY, WI, WV, proposed federal)
- Tu B’shvat
(religious)
|
---|
February?March
| |
---|
March
Irish-American Heritage Month
Colon Cancer Awareness Month
Women's History Month
|
- Annunciation of the Virgin Mary / Annunciation of the Theotokos
(religious)
- Casimir Pulaski Day
(IL)
- Cesar Chavez Day
(CA, CO, TX, proposed federal)
- Emancipation Day in Puerto Rico
(PR, cultural)
- Evacuation Day
(Suffolk County, MA)
- Harriet Tubman Day
(NY)
- Hola Mohalla
(religious)
- Holi
(NY, religious)
- L. Ron Hubbard's Birthday
(religious)
- Lailat al-Mi'raj
(religious)
- Liberation and Freedom Day
(Charlottesville, VA, cultural)
- Mardi Gras
(AL (in two counties), LA)
- Maryland Day
(MD)
- Medal of Honor Day
- National Poison Prevention Week
(week)
- Nowruz
(cultural, religious)
- Ostara
(religious)
- Pi Day
- Prince Jonah K?hi? Kalaniana?ole Day
(HI)
- Promised Messiah Day
(religious)
- Saint Joseph's Day
(religious)
- Seward's Day
(AK)
- Texas Independence Day
(TX)
- Town Meeting Day
(VT)
- Transfer Day
(VI)
- Trans Day of Visibility
(cultural)
|
---|
March?April
|
- Good Friday
(CT, NC, PR, NJ, VI, religious)
- Hanuman Jayanti
(religious)
- Holy Thursday
(PR, VI, religious)
- Holy Week
(PR, religious, week)
- Lazarus Saturday
(religious)
- Mahavir Janma Kalyanak
(religious)
- Mesha Sankranti / Hindu New Year
(religious)
- Palm Sunday
(PR, religious)
- Passover
(religious, week)
- Easter Monday / Bright Monday
(VI, religious)
- Ramnavami
(religious)
- Chandramana Uugadi / Souramana Uugadi
(religious)
|
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April
Arab American Heritage Month
Confederate History Month
| |
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May
Asian American and
Pacific Islander Heritage Month
Jewish American Heritage Month
Military Appreciation Month
| |
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June
Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and
Transgender Pride Month
| |
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July
| |
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July?August
| |
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August
| |
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September
Prostate Cancer Awareness Month
Childhood Cancer Awareness Month
| |
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September?October
Hispanic Heritage Month
| |
---|
October
Breast Cancer Awareness Month
Disability Employment Awareness Month
Italian-American Heritage and Culture Month
Filipino American History Month
LGBT History Month
| |
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October?November
| |
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November
Native American Indian Heritage Month
|
- Ascension of ‘Abdu’l Baha
(religious)
- All Saints' Day
(religious)
- Beginning of the Nativity Fast
(religious)
- Beltane
/
Samhain
(religious)
- Barack Obama Day in Alabama
(Perry County, AL)
- D. Hamilton Jackson Day
(VI)
- Day after Thanksgiving
(24)
- Day of the Covenant
(religious)
- Discovery of Puerto Rico Day
(PR)
- Election Day
(CA, DE, HI, KY, MT, NJ, NY, OH, PR, VA, WV, proposed federal)
- Family Day
(NV)
- Guru Nanak Gurpurab
(religious)
- Hanukkah
(religious)
- L? K??oko?a
(HI, unofficial, cultural)
- Martyrdom of Guru Tegh Bahadur
(religious)
- Native American Heritage Day
(MD, WA, cultural)
- Presentation of the Theotokos to the Temple
(religious)
- Trans Day of Remembrance
(cultural)
- Unthanksgiving Day
(cultural)
|
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December
|
- Advent Sunday
(religious)
- Alabama Day
(AL)
- Birthday of Guru Gobind Singh Sahib
(religious)
- Bodhi Day
(religious)
- Chalica
(religious)
- Christmas Eve
(KY, NC, SC, PR, VI)
- Day after Christmas
(KY, NC, SC, TX, VI)
- Festivus
- HumanLight
- Hanukkah
(religious, week)
- Immaculate Conception
(religious)
- Indiana Day
(IN)
- Kwanzaa
(cultural, week)
- Milad Syedna Mohammed Burhanuddin
(religious)
- National Pearl Harbor Remembrance Day
(36)
- Nativity of Jesus
(religious)
- Old Year's Night
(VI)
- Pan American Aviation Day
(36)
- Pancha Ganapati
(religious, week)
- Rosa Parks Day
(OH, OR)
- Solemnity of Mary, Mother of God
(religious)
- Wright Brothers Day
(36)
- Yule
(religious)
- Zartosht No-Diso
(religious)
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Varies (year round)
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Attack
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Japanese
carriers
involved
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United States
ships sunk
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Aftermath
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Remembrance
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Books
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Films
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Other
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