Number referring to cannabis
420
,
4:20
or
4/20
(pronounced
four-twenty
) is
cannabis culture
slang for
marijuana and hashish consumption
, especially
smoking
around the time 4:20 p.m. (16:20). It also refers to
cannabis
-oriented celebrations that take place annually on April 20 (4/20 in
U.S.
date form).
[3]
[4]
Origins
[
edit
]
In 1971, five high school students in
San Rafael, California
,
[5]
[6]
used the term "4:20" in connection with a plan to search for an abandoned cannabis crop, based on a
treasure map
made by the grower.
[7]
[8]
Calling themselves the Waldos,
[9]
[10]
because their typical hang-out spot "was a wall outside the school",
[11]
the five students?Steve Capper, Dave Reddix, Jeffrey Noel, Larry Schwartz, and Mark Gravich
[12]
?designated the
Louis Pasteur
statue
[13]
on the grounds of
San Rafael High School
as their meeting place, and 4:20 p.m. as their meeting time.
[11]
The Waldos referred to this plan with the phrase "4:20 Louis". After several failed attempts to find the crop, the group eventually shortened their phrase to "4:20", which ultimately evolved into a code-word the teens used to refer to consuming cannabis.
[7]
Steven Hager
of
High Times
popularized the story of the Waldos.
[14]
The first
High Times
mention of 4:20 smoking and a 4/20 holiday appeared in May 1991
[15]
and erroneously attributed the origin of the term to a police code; this and other spurious incorrect origin stories became common.
[16]
The connection to the Waldos appeared in December 1998. Hager attributed the early spread of the phrase to
Grateful Dead followers
[17]
?after "Waldo" Reddix became a
roadie
for the
Grateful Dead
's bassist,
Phil Lesh
[12]
?and called for 4:20 p.m. to be the socially accepted time of the day to consume cannabis.
[17]
Another San Rafael group claims to have originated the term before the Waldos.
[18]
Created in 1989, the reform organization
Cannabis Action Network
, associated with High Times, is often credited for giving to 420 and the date April 20 marked elements of political and cultural protest, organizing rallies on that date and assisting other groups in setting up other events.
International observance of April 20
[
edit
]
April 20
has become an international
counterculture
holiday
based on the celebration and consumption of cannabis.
[3]
[19]
[20]
Events typically advocate for cannabis
liberalization
and
legalization
.
Vivian McPeak
, a founder of Seattle's
Hempfest
, states that 4/20 is "half celebration and half call to action".
[21]
Paul Birch calls it a global movement and suggests that one cannot stop events like these.
[22]
Many marijuana users protest in
civil disobedience
by
gathering in public to smoke
at 4:20 p.m.
[23]
As marijuana continues to be decriminalized and legalized around the world, cannabis activist
Steve DeAngelo
notes that "even if our activist work were complete, 420 morphs from a statement of conscience to a celebration of acceptance, a celebration of victory, a celebration of our amazing connection with this plant" which "will always be worthy of celebration".
[24]
[25]
In North America
[
edit
]
North American observances have been held at many locations, including:
In Australia
[
edit
]
Australian observances have been held at many locations, over many years, including:
Elsewhere
[
edit
]
Events have also been held in
Hyde Park
in
London
[63]
and
Dunedin
, New Zealand, at the
University of Otago
.
[64]
[65]
[66]
[67]
[68]
[69]
In
Ljubljana
,
Slovenia
, the University of Ljubljana's student organization has carried out several annual cannabis-themed protests that have contributed to the debate on cannabis status in Slovenia and the subsequent legislation proposals in 2018 by gathering responses from various political parties in Slovenia and ranking them accordingly.
[70]
[71]
In
Northern Cyprus
, known for strict drug laws and intolerance to cannabis consumption,
[72]
the first 420 event was held in the capital city
Lefko?a
in 2015. On April 20, 2017, a small group of protesters carried out an event near the parliament building and made a public statement, demanding the legalization of cannabis sale, consumption, and production with state regulations.
[73]
Other effects
[
edit
]
Traffic safety
[
edit
]
Despite two studies reporting a supposed increase in the risk of
fatal motor vehicle crashes
on April 20,
[74]
[75]
further investigation and analysis found the evidence did not support such claims.
[76]
[77]
[78]
[79]
Stolen signs
[
edit
]
In the US, signs bearing the number 420 have been frequently stolen. In Colorado, the
Colorado Department of Transportation
replaced the Mile Marker 420 sign on
I-70
east of Denver with one reading 419.99 in an attempt to stop the thievery;
[80]
however, the folklore of the 419.99 sign has caused it to be stolen, too, as well as becoming a tourist destination. As of August 2018, the sign was missing, presumed stolen.
[81]
The Colorado DOT usually will not replace signs that are repeatedly taken, but began the practice of replacing further down the road after "
69
" mile marker signs were frequently stolen?these were replaced with "68.5 mile" ones.
[82]
The
Idaho Department of Transportation
(ITD) replaced the mile marker 420 sign on
U.S. Highway 95
, just south of
Coeur d'Alene
, with mile marker 419.9.
[83]
The
Washington State Department of Transportation
implemented similar measures,
[84]
but only replaced one of the two 420 signs in the state, with the remaining one being subsequently stolen.
[82]
According to
The Washington Post
, there are eleven 420 mile markers in the US, after three replacements and one stolen and not replaced.
[85]
In
Goodhue County, Minnesota
, officials have changed "420 St" street signs to "42x St".
[86]
The mile marker 420 sign on
U.S. Route 89
, the only 420 marker in the state of
Utah
, is frequently stolen.
[87]
Legislation and other government recognition
[
edit
]
In 2003,
California Senate Bill 420
was introduced to regulate medical marijuana use. An unsuccessful 2010 bill to legalize
cannabis in Guam
was called Bill 420.
[88]
A North Dakota bill to legalize cannabis was HB 1420, introduced in January 2021.
[89]
The Marijuana Freedom and Opportunity Act (which if enacted would
decriminalize
and deschedule cannabis in the United States) was announced by Senator and
Senate Minority Leader
Chuck Schumer
(D-New York) on April 20, 2018.
[90]
[91]
On January 9, 2019, H.R. 420 was introduced into the
116th Congress
by Representative
Earl Blumenauer
(D-Oregon), named the Regulate Marijuana Like Alcohol Act, which is designed to remove
cannabis
from the
Controlled Substances Act
and return regulation to the states.
[92]
The State of Colorado auctioned off several cannabis-themed personalized license plates in 2021, with the bidding to be closed on April 20 (4/20). The highest bid shortly before the auction closed was over $6,500 for "ISIT420".
[93]
Following the success of Washington, D.C.'s
Initiative 71
to legalize cannabis in 2014, Mayor
Muriel Bowser
granted
license plate
number 420 to the campaign's leader,
Adam Eidinger
.
[94]
Literature
[
edit
]
Several
books about cannabis
have "420" in the title, including the
cannabis cookbooks
The 420 Cannabis Cookbook
, published by
Simon & Schuster
,
[95]
and
The 420 Gourmet
published in 2016 by
HarperCollins
.
[96]
[97]
Elon Musk controversy
[
edit
]
In 2018,
Tesla
CEO
Elon Musk
tweeted that he planned to take his company private at $420 a share. The price was widely considered to be a marijuana reference. A jury found him not liable in 2023 for misleading investors. Musk testified during the trial that any associations with cannabis were coincidental.
[98]
[99]
Musk later went to purchase Twitter in 2022 at a price per share of $54.20, acknowledging the reference to marijuana culture and because his girlfriend thought it was funny.
[100]
Commerce
[
edit
]
Some American restaurants offer
"420" themed promotions
to coincide with April 20.
See also
[
edit
]
References
[
edit
]
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cite web
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Jonathan Segura (May 17, 2016),
Cookbooks Previews: June 2016
,
Publishers Weekly
- ^
Paul, Kari; McCormick, Erin (February 3, 2023).
"Jury sides with Elon Musk over 2018 tweets claiming he would take Tesla private"
.
The Guardian
.
ISSN
0261-3077
. Retrieved
February 4,
2023
.
- ^
Anon (January 28, 2023). "The world this week".
The Economist
. p. 10.
- ^
Hu, Krystal; Sen, Anirban (April 26, 2022).
"From weed joke to agreed deal: Inside Musk's $44 bln Twitter buyout"
.
Reuters
. Retrieved
April 15,
2024
.
External links
[
edit
]
Look up
420
in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
Cannabis events
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Worldwide
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Americas
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Europe
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Oceania
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Related
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General
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Usage
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Variants
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Effects
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Culture
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Organizations
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Demographics
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Politics
| General
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Major legal
reforms
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Politicians
and parties
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Legal cases
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Related
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Holidays, observances, and celebrations in the United States
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January
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January?February
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February
American Heart Month
Black History Month
|
- Birthday of Luis Munoz Marin
(PR)
- Candlemas
(religious)
- Charles Darwin Day / Darwin Day
(CA, DE)
- Day of Remembrance
(CA, OR, WA, cultural)
- Georgia Day
(GA)
- Groundhog Day
- Imbolc
(religious)
- Lincoln's Birthday
(CA, CT, IL, IN, MO, NY, WV)
- National Girls and Women in Sports Day
- National Freedom Day
(36)
- Nirvana Day
(religious)
- Presentation of Our Lord to the Temple
(religious)
- Promised Reformer Day
(religious)
- Ronald Reagan Day
(CA)
- Rosa Parks Day
(CA, MO)
- Saviours' Day
(religious)
- Susan B. Anthony Day
(CA, FL, NY, WI, WV, proposed federal)
- Tu B’shvat
(religious)
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February?March
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March
Irish-American Heritage Month
Colon Cancer Awareness Month
Women's History Month
|
- Annunciation of the Virgin Mary / Annunciation of the Theotokos
(religious)
- Casimir Pulaski Day
(IL)
- Cesar Chavez Day
(CA, CO, TX, proposed federal)
- Emancipation Day in Puerto Rico
(PR, cultural)
- Evacuation Day
(Suffolk County, MA)
- Harriet Tubman Day
(NY)
- Hola Mohalla
(religious)
- Holi
(NY, religious)
- L. Ron Hubbard's Birthday
(religious)
- Lailat al-Mi'raj
(religious)
- Liberation and Freedom Day
(Charlottesville, VA, cultural)
- Mardi Gras
(AL (in two counties), LA)
- Maryland Day
(MD)
- Medal of Honor Day
- National Poison Prevention Week
(week)
- Nowruz
(cultural, religious)
- Ostara
(religious)
- Pi Day
- Prince Jonah K?hi? Kalaniana?ole Day
(HI)
- Promised Messiah Day
(religious)
- Saint Joseph's Day
(religious)
- Seward's Day
(AK)
- Texas Independence Day
(TX)
- Town Meeting Day
(VT)
- Transfer Day
(VI)
- Trans Day of Visibility
(cultural)
|
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March?April
|
- Good Friday
(CT, NC, PR, NJ, VI, religious)
- Hanuman Jayanti
(religious)
- Holy Thursday
(PR, VI, religious)
- Holy Week
(PR, religious, week)
- Lazarus Saturday
(religious)
- Mahavir Janma Kalyanak
(religious)
- Mesha Sankranti / Hindu New Year
(religious)
- Palm Sunday
(PR, religious)
- Passover
(religious, week)
- Easter Monday / Bright Monday
(VI, religious)
- Ramnavami
(religious)
- Chandramana Uugadi / Souramana Uugadi
(religious)
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April
Arab American Heritage Month
Confederate History Month
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May
Asian American and
Pacific Islander Heritage Month
Jewish American Heritage Month
Military Appreciation Month
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June
Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and
Transgender Pride Month
| |
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July
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July?August
| |
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August
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September
Prostate Cancer Awareness Month
Childhood Cancer Awareness Month
| |
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September?October
Hispanic Heritage Month
| |
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October
Breast Cancer Awareness Month
Disability Employment Awareness Month
Italian-American Heritage and Culture Month
Filipino American History Month
LGBT History Month
| |
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October?November
| |
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November
Native American Indian Heritage Month
|
- Ascension of ‘Abdu’l Baha
(religious)
- All Saints' Day
(religious)
- Beginning of the Nativity Fast
(religious)
- Beltane
/
Samhain
(religious)
- Barack Obama Day in Alabama
(Perry County, AL)
- D. Hamilton Jackson Day
(VI)
- Day after Thanksgiving
(24)
- Day of the Covenant
(religious)
- Discovery of Puerto Rico Day
(PR)
- Election Day
(CA, DE, HI, KY, MT, NJ, NY, OH, PR, VA, WV, proposed federal)
- Family Day
(NV)
- Guru Nanak Gurpurab
(religious)
- Hanukkah
(religious)
- L? K??oko?a
(HI, unofficial, cultural)
- Martyrdom of Guru Tegh Bahadur
(religious)
- Native American Heritage Day
(MD, WA, cultural)
- Presentation of the Theotokos to the Temple
(religious)
- Trans Day of Remembrance
(cultural)
- Unthanksgiving Day
(cultural)
|
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December
|
- Advent Sunday
(religious)
- Alabama Day
(AL)
- Birthday of Guru Gobind Singh Sahib
(religious)
- Bodhi Day
(religious)
- Chalica
(religious)
- Christmas Eve
(KY, NC, SC, PR, VI)
- Day after Christmas
(KY, NC, SC, TX, VI)
- Festivus
- HumanLight
- Hanukkah
(religious, week)
- Immaculate Conception
(religious)
- Indiana Day
(IN)
- Kwanzaa
(cultural, week)
- Milad Syedna Mohammed Burhanuddin
(religious)
- National Pearl Harbor Remembrance Day
(36)
- Nativity of Jesus
(religious)
- Old Year's Night
(VI)
- Pan American Aviation Day
(36)
- Pancha Ganapati
(religious, week)
- Rosa Parks Day
(OH, OR)
- Solemnity of Mary, Mother of God
(religious)
- Wright Brothers Day
(36)
- Yule
(religious)
- Zartosht No-Diso
(religious)
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Varies (year round)
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Legality of drug use
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International
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State level
| |
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Drug policy
by country
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Drug legality
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Other
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Other
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Drug
production
and trade
| Drug
production
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Drug trade
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Issues with
drug use
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Harm reduction
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Countries by
drug use
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