From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
This article is about the year 1612. For the Russian film, see
1612 (film)
.
Calendar year
1612
(
MDCXII
) was a
leap year starting on Sunday
of the
Gregorian calendar
and a
leap year starting on Wednesday
of the
Julian calendar
, the 1612th year of the
Common Era
(CE) and
Anno Domini
(AD) designations, the 612th year of the
2nd millennium
, the 12th year of the
17th century
, and the 3rd year of the
1610s
decade. As of the start of 1612, the Gregorian calendar was 10 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.
Calendar year
Events
[
edit
]
January–March
[
edit
]
- January 6
–
Axel Oxenstierna
becomes
Lord High Chancellor of Sweden
. He persuades the
Riksdag of the Estates
to grant the
Swedish nobility
the right and privilege to hold all higher offices of government.
- January 10
?
Gustavus Adolphus
replies to Metropolitan Isidor, Odoevskij and the estates of
Novgorod
, stating that he himself wishes to assume responsibility for the government of Novgorod and also of all Russians. A number of land grants signed the same day show that the Swedish king has assumed the title of
Tsar
.
[1]
- January 20
- February 11
–
Battle of Vittsjo
: King
Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden
and 3,000 of his troops are forced to retreat from
Denmark
. The 17-year old king almost drowns while attempting to ride his horse across a frozen lake, but is rescued by two other members of his cavalry. The horse is lost.
- March 2
– The
False Dmitry III
, one of three pretenders to the Russian throne who all claim to be sons of
Ivan the Terrible
, is recognized as Tsar of Russia by the
Cossacks
.
- March 12
– At Daulambapur, near
Kamalganj
in what is now the Indian state of
Uttar Pradesh
, a battle takes place between 4,500 troops led by General
Islam Khan I
of India's
Mughal Empire
, and 12,000 defenders led by the Afghan warlord
Khwaja Usman
. The Mughals are almost defeated until Usman is struck in the eye by an arrow fired from a crossbow.
April–June
[
edit
]
July–September
[
edit
]
- July 4
– (8th waxing of
Waso
974
ME
) In what is now
Myanmar
,
Min Khamaung
becomes the new
King of Arakan
upon the death of his father, King
Min Razgyi
.
- July 22
– Four women and one man are hanged following the
Northamptonshire witch trials
in England.
- July 24
–
Marcantonio Memmo
is elected as the
Doge
of the
Republic of Venice
on the first ballot of the Venetian council, winning 38 of the 41 votes. Memmo succeeds the late Doge
Leonardo Donato
, who died on July 16.
- August 20
– Ten
Pendle witches
are hanged, having been found guilty of practising witchcraft in
Lancashire
in England.
- August 26
–
Battle of Kringen
: A Scottish mercenary force is destroyed in Norway.
- September 1
–
Battle of Moscow (1612)
: Led by General
Jan Karol Chodkiewicz
, a relief force from the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, whose troops had been occupying
Moscow
for two years, make an unsuccessful attempt to break the Russian siege of the
Kremlin
, where General
Mikolaj Strus
and his troops are trapped. Both the Russians (led by
Dmitry Pozharsky
) and the Commonwealth troops suffer at least 1,000 deaths, but the Russians prevail. General Chodkiewicz tries a second attack the next day and fails.
- September 2
(August 23 O.S.) – The
Lutheran Duchy of Prussia
, a fiefdom within Poland, becomes the first
Protestant
government to follow the Roman Catholic nations in
adopting the Gregorian calendar
.
- September 5
– England's
East India Company
gets its first warships and establishes the "'Honourable East India Company's Marine'" to protect its freighters. The force develops over the centuries into the
Royal Indian Navy
and, after India's independence in 1947, the
Indian Navy
.
- September 22
– Retreating Polish and Lithuanian troops burn the Russian city of
Vologda
in reprisal for their defeat at Moscow.
October–December
[
edit
]
Date unknown
[
edit
]
Births
[
edit
]
January–March
[
edit
]
- January 17
–
Thomas Fairfax
, English Civil War general (d.
1671
)
[8]
- January 21
–
Henry Casimir I of Nassau-Dietz
, Stadtholder of Groningen, Friesland and Drenthe (d.
1640
)
- January 22
–
Daniel Zwicker
, German physician (d.
1678
)
- January 23
–
George FitzGerald, 16th Earl of Kildare
, Irish earl (d.
1660
)
- February 1
–
William West
, English politician (d.
1670
)
- February 2
–
Thomas Wentworth, 5th Baron Wentworth
, English baron and politician (d.
1665
)
- February 4
–
Arthur Spry
, English politician (d.
1685
)
- February 5
–
Crown Prince Sohyeon
, Korean crown prince (d.
1645
)
- February 6
–
Antoine Arnauld
, French theologian (d.
1694
)
- February 7
–
Thomas Killigrew
, English dramatist and theatre manager (d.
1683
)
[9]
- February 9
–
Pier Francesco Mola
, Italian painter of the High Baroque (d.
1666
)
- February 15
–
Paul de Chomedey, Sieur de Maisonneuve
, French military officer, founder of Montreal in New France (d.
1676
)
- February 20
–
Richard Olmsted
, Connecticut settler (d.
1687
)
- February 21
–
Lorenzo Imperiali
, Italian cardinal (d.
1673
)
- February 22
(bapt.)
–
George Digby, 2nd Earl of Bristol
, English statesman (d.
1677
)
- March 20
–
Anne Bradstreet
, nee Dudley, English-born American Puritan poet (d.
1672
)
April–June
[
edit
]
- April 6
–
James Stewart, 1st Duke of Richmond
(d.
1655
)
- April 10
–
Francesco Lorenzo Brancati di Lauria
, Italian Catholic cardinal (d.
1693
)
- April 12
–
Simone Cantarini
, Italian painter and engraver (d.
1648
)
- April 28
–
Odoardo Farnese, Duke of Parma
and Piacenza from 1622 to 1646 (d.
1646
)
- May 6
–
Francois-Joseph Bressani
, Italian missionary (d.
1672
)
- May 10
–
Francesco Palliola
, Italian Servant of God (d.
1648
)
- May 12
–
Laurence Womock
, English Bishop of St David's (d.
1687
)
- May 17
- May 26
–
Raja Wodeyar II
, King of Mysore (d.
1638
)
- May 31
–
Margherita de' Medici
, Italian noble (d.
1679
)
- June 1
–
Frans Post
, Dutch painter (d.
1680
)
- June 23
–
Andre Tacquet
, Brabantian mathematician, Jesuit priest (d.
1660
)
- June 25
–
John Albert Vasa
, Polish bishop (d.
1634
)
- June 29
–
Sir William Bowyer, 1st Baronet
, English politician (d.
1679
)
July–September
[
edit
]
- July 23
–
Christian Lupus
, Flemish historian (d.
1681
)
- July 27
–
Murad IV
,
Ottoman Sultan
(d.
1640
)
- August 2
–
Saskia van Uylenburgh
, wife of painter Rembrandt van Rijn (d.
1642
)
- August 10
–
Charles de Grimaldi-Regusse
, French aristocrat (d.
1687
)
- August 12
–
Allart Pieter van Jongestall
, Dutch jurist, politician, and diplomat (d.
1676
)
- August 17
–
Jeremi Wi?niowiecki
, Polish nobleman (d.
1651
)
- August 23
–
Francis Lascelles
, English politician (d.
1667
)
- August 28
–
Marcus Zuerius van Boxhorn
, Dutch scholar (d.
1653
)
- September 1
–
Nicolas Chorier
, French historian, lawyer and writer (d.
1692
)
- September 24
–
William Gawdy
, English politician (d.
1669
)
October–December
[
edit
]
- October 6
- October 14
- October 18
–
John Eliot
, English politician (d.
1685
)
- October 19
–
Nicolas Chaperon
, French painter (d.
1656
)
- October 20
–
Richard Boyle, 1st Earl of Burlington
, Anglo-Irish nobleman, Lord High Treasurer of Ireland, Cavalier (d.
1698
)
- October 23
–
Henry Lingen
, English politician (d.
1662
)
- October 25
–
James Graham, 1st Marquess of Montrose
, Scottish soldier (d.
1650
)
- October 26
–
Henry Wilmot, 1st Earl of Rochester
(d.
1658
)
- October 27
–
Margravine Magdalene Sibylle of Brandenburg-Bayreuth
, Electress of Saxony by marriage (1656?1680) (d.
1687
)
- October 30
–
Paul Wurtz
, Swedish general (d.
1676
)
- November 7
–
Pierre Mignard
, French painter (d.
1695
)
- November 11
- November 17
–
Dorgon
, Chinese Manchu prince (d.
1650
)
- November 28
–
Sir Thomas Whitmore, 1st Baronet
, English politician and Baronet (d.
1653
)
- December 2
–
David Ryckaert III
, Flemish painter (d.
1661
)
Deaths
[
edit
]
January–March
[
edit
]
- January 4
–
Hendrik Laurenszoon Spiegel
, Dutch writer (b.
1549
)
- January 9
–
Leonard Holliday
, Lord Mayor of London, 1605-1606 (b.
1550
)
- January 11
–
Muhammad Quli Qutb Shah
, fifth sultan of the Qutb Shahi Dynasty of Golkonda; founded the city of Hyderabad (b.
1565
)
- January 12
–
Charles III de Croy
, Belgian noble (b.
1560
)
- January 13
–
Jane Dormer
, English lady-in-waiting to Mary I (b.
1538
)
- January 20
–
Rudolf II, Holy Roman Emperor
, Austrian Habsburg ruler (b.
1552
)
[10]
- February 6
–
Christopher Clavius
, German mathematician and astronomer (b.
1538
)
- February 9
–
Vincenzo Gonzaga, Duke of Mantua
(b.
1562
)
- February 12
–
Jodocus Hondius
, Flemish cartographer (b.
1563
)
- February 17
–
Ernest of Bavaria
, German Catholic bishop (b.
1554
)
- February 18
–
Roberto di Ridolfi
, Italian conspirator against
Elizabeth I of England
(b.
1531
)
[11]
- February 21
–
Christian Barnekow
, Danish noble, explorer and diplomat (b.
1556
)
- March 16
–
Margaret Fiennes, 11th Baroness Dacre
(b.
1541
)
- March 18
–
Bartholomew Legate
, English anti-Trinitarian martyr (b. c.
1575
)
- March 19
–
Sophia Olelkovich Radziwill
, Polish-Lithuanian noble (b.
1585
)
April–June
[
edit
]
- April 5
–
Diana Scultori
, Italian engraver
- April 8
–
Anne Catherine of Brandenburg
(b.
1575
)
- April 11
- April 19
–
Anne d'Escars de Givry
, French Catholic cardinal (b.
1546
)
- April 21
–
David van Goorle
, theologian and theoretical scientist (b.
1591
)
- May –
False Dmitry III
, pretender to the Russian throne (secretly executed)
[13]
- May 19
–
Gregorio Petrocchini
, Italian Cardinal Bishop, Conclave member, Cardinal protector of the Augustines (b.
1535
)
- May 24
–
Robert Cecil, 1st Earl of Salisbury
, English statesman and spymaster (b.
1563
)
- May 31
–
Willem Isaacsz Swanenburg
, Dutch engraver (b.
1580
)
- June 5
–
Arima Harunobu
, Japanese daimy? (b.
1567
)
- June 8
–
Hans Leo Hassler
, German composer (b.
1562
)
- June 21
–
Edward Seymour, Lord Beauchamp
(b.
1561
)
- June 26
–
Roger Manners, 5th Earl of Rutland
, eldest surviving son of John Manners (b.
1576
)
July–September
[
edit
]
- July 16
–
Leonardo Donato
, Doge of Venice (b.
1536
)
- July 24
- July 29
–
Jacques Bongars
, French scholar and diplomat (b.
1554
)
[15]
- August 3
–
John Bond
, English politician and classicist (b.
1550
)
- August 4
–
Hugh Broughton
, English scholar (b.
1549
)
- August 9
–
Philipp Ludwig II, Count of Hanau-Munzenberg
(1580?1612) (b.
1576
)
- August 12
–
Giovanni Gabrieli
, Italian composer (b. c.
1554
)
- August 15
–
Michael Hicks
, English politician (b.
1543
)
- August 18
–
Giacomo Boncompagni
, Italian feudal lord of the 16th century (b.
1548
)
- August 20
–
Nait? Nobunari
, Japanese samurai and daimy? of Omi Province (b.
1545
)
- September 9
–
Nakagawa Hidenari
, Japanese warlord (b.
1570
)
- September 12
– Tsar
Vasili IV of Russia
(b.
1552
)
- September 13
–
Karin Mansdotter
, Queen of Sweden (b.
1550
)
- September 24
–
Johannes Lippius
, German theologian, philosopher, composer, and music theorist (b.
1585
)
[16]
- September 27
–
Piotr Skarga
, Polish Jesuit and polemicist (b.
1536
)
[17]
- September 28
–
Ernst Soner
, German physician (b.
1572
)
October–December
[
edit
]
- October 7
- October 10
–
Bernardino Poccetti
, Italian painter (b.
1548
)
- October 23
–
Janos Petki
, Hungarian politician (b.
1572
)
- October 28
–
Edward Darcy
, English politician (b.
1544
)
- November 1
–
Charles, Count of Soissons
, French
prince du sang
and military commander in the struggles over religion and the throne (b.
1566
)
- November 2
–
Maurice, Duke of Saxe-Lauenburg
, 1581?1612 (b.
1551
)
- November 6
- November 9
–
Paul Jenisch
, German pastor (b.
1551
)
- November 16
–
William Stafford
, English spy (b.
1554
)
- November 20
–
John Harington
, English courtier, writer and inventor of a flush toilet (b.
1561
)
[20]
- November 23
- November 26
–
Thomas Walmsley
, English judge (b.
1537
)
- December 4
–
Jacob Taets van Amerongen
, Teutonic Knights commander (b.
1542
)
- December 12
–
Nicholas Mosley
, Lord Mayor of London (b.
1527
)
- December 22
–
Francesco IV Gonzaga, Duke of Mantua
(b.
1586
)
[21]
Date unknown
[
edit
]
References
[
edit
]
- ^
Lofstrand, Elisabeth; Nordquist, Laila (2005).
Accounts of an occupied city : catalogue of the Novgorod Occupation Archives 1611-1617
(PDF)
(1st ed.). Stockholm:
National Archives of Sweden
. p. 41.
ISBN
9188366677
.
- ^
a
b
c
Williams, Hywel (2005).
Cassell's Chronology of World History
. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson. pp.
244
.
ISBN
0-304-35730-8
.
- ^
"The Lancashire Witches in Historical Context", by James Sharpe, in
The Lancashire Witches: Histories and Stories
, ed. by Robert Poole, (Manchester University Press, 2002) p.2
- ^
Soma Mukherjee (2001).
Royal Mughal Ladies and Their Contributions
. Gyan Books. p. 52.
ISBN
978-81-212-0760-7
.
- ^
Chester Dunning,
A Short History of Russia's First Civil War: The Time of Troubles and the Founding of the Romanov Dynasty
(Pennsylvania State University Press, 2004) pp. 296?297
- ^
"Ahmed I"
,
Encyclopedia of the Ottoman Empire
- ^
Manekshah Sorabshah Commissariat (1980).
A History of Gujarat: Including a Survey of Its Chief Architectural Monuments and Inscriptions
. Longmans, Green & Company, Limited. p. 192.
- ^
Geoffrey Ridsdill Smith; Margaret Toynbee; Peter Young (1977).
Leaders of the Civil Wars, 1642-1648
. Roundwood Press. p. 59.
ISBN
978-0-900093-56-2
.
- ^
Christopher Baker (2002).
Absolutism and the Scientific Revolution, 1600-1720: A Biographical Dictionary
. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 206.
ISBN
978-0-313-30827-7
.
- ^
"Rudolf II | Holy Roman emperor"
.
Encyclopedia Britannica
. Retrieved
April 13,
2020
.
- ^
Hugh Chisholm; James Louis Garvin (1926).
The Encyclopædia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, Literature & General Information
. Encyclopædia Britannica Company, Limited. p. 320.
- ^
Walpole Society (Great Britain) (1980).
The ... Volume of the Walpole Society
. Walpole Society. p. 205.
- ^
Encyclopaedia Britannica, inc (1998).
The New Encyclopaedia Britannica
. Encyclopaedia Britannica. p. 139.
ISBN
978-0-85229-633-2
.
- ^
Edmund Gosse (January 28, 2019).
The Life and Letters of John Donne, Vol I: Dean of St. Paul's
. Wipf and Stock Publishers. p. 312.
ISBN
978-1-5326-7810-3
.
- ^
Keith Busby (1993).
Les Manuscrits de Chretien de Troyes
. Rodopi. p. 98.
ISBN
90-5183-603-1
.
- ^
Benito V. Rivera (1980).
German Music Theory in the Early 17th Century: The Treatises of Johannes Lippius
. UMI Research Press. p. 3.
ISBN
978-0-8357-1074-9
.
- ^
Harvard Theological Studies
. Scholars Press. 1995. p. 865.
ISBN
978-0-8006-7085-6
.
- ^
Literature Criticism from 1400 to 1800
. Gale Research Company. 2004. p. 1.
ISBN
978-0-7876-6968-3
.
- ^
Robert L. Martensen; James a Knight Chair in Humanities and Ethics in Medicine and Professor of Surgery Robert L Martensen (April 8, 2004).
The Brain Takes Shape: An Early History
. Oxford University Press, USA. p. 102.
ISBN
978-0-19-515172-5
.
- ^
Jason Scott-Warren (2001).
Sir John Harington and the Book as Gift
. Oxford University Press. p. 20.
ISBN
978-0-19-924445-4
.
- ^
Ludwig Burchard; Roger Adolf d' Hulst (1963).
Rubens Drawings
. Arcade Press. p. 50.
ISBN
978-0-8390-9043-4
.